Patent Application
20180313007
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production and for the drawing-off of a web-shaped product.
In the prior art, methods and apparatuses are known, with which elongated and web-shaped products are continuously produced and subsequently drawn-off directly from the production machine or from a supply roller, in order to supply them to a further processing or treatment process.
Such a method and such an apparatus is shown, for example by U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,091. This relates to the impregnating of fibers for the production of an elongated fiber reinforced plastic material. The fibers are drawn-off under constant speed from supply rollers and are thereby held under tension. In the tensioned condition, the fibers run through further processing stations. An apparatus with two clamp carriers with clamps for the plastic material to be drawn-off serves for the drawing-off and maintaining of the tension. Guide bolts for the clamp carriers are present in the apparatus frame, on which guide bolts the clamp carriers are guided shiftably in the drawing-off direction. Furthermore a cam disc mechanism is present, by which the clamp carriers are drivable moving back and forth in a travel or shifting range. The clamp carriers are not drivable independently of one another. The travel or shifting displacement is not adjustable and also cannot be very long due to the construction. An adaptation to changed product characteristics or to changed method sequences is thus only possible with difficulty. The guide bolts are tightly clamped into the apparatus frame only at their ends, so that under high tension forces and long travel or shifting displacements it is possible for the guide bolts to bend-through or buckle.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,888 describes a similar method as U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,091. In that regard, the drawing-off is served by an apparatus in which several hydraulically driven clamp segments are arranged distributed over the width of the product. The clamp carriers are guided and driven at the bottom side with respect to the apparatus frame. The feed advance in the drawing-off direction is served by a continuously running drive chain, onto which the clamp carriers are coupled-on or uncoupled via a pawl. The force application point of the drive chain and the guide track of the clamp carriers in the apparatus frame have a large spacing distance from the plane in which the tension is developed in the product to be drawn-off. Thereby, with high drawing-off tensions, there exists the danger of deformations and/or over-stressing. A high precision of the alternating motion of the two clamp carriers is hardly achievable.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,073 discloses an apparatus for drawing-off pipes or cables from a production machine. The drive of the clamp carriers is achieved via a common drive spindle that is driven by a single motor. The force application point of the drive spindle on the clamp carriers is located below the plane in which the tension is applied to the product to be drawn-off. For the alternating feed advance and return transport of the clamp carriers, these are connected with the drive spindle in a varying manner through a transmission with auxiliary motor. Parallel to the drive spindle, a further spindle is provided, on which several mechanical contact stops are mounted, which serve for operating end switches for the traversing or displacing motions of the clamp carriers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,360 discloses a drawing-off device for band-like material with two clamp carriers that are arranged on both longitudinal sides of the band-like material. The associated clamps alternately grasp the edge or rim of the band-like material respectively from one of the two longitudinal sides. Such an asymmetrical arrangement is not suitable for a precise drawing-off with high tensions.
It is the object of the present invention to produce a method and an apparatus with which a band-like material can be produced and drawn-off, which, during its production, requires a high constant tension and high precision of the drawing-off motion with respect to the production machine.
The object is achieved by a method and an apparatus according to the independent claims.
In the scope and context of the present invention, a method is proposed in order to produce a web-shaped product with a production machine, wherein the web-shaped product is held under tension or tensile stress during the production. The tension is produced at the outlet of the production machine by an apparatus with which the web-shaped product is also drawn-off from the production machine. In that regard, the drawing-off apparatus operates with two clamp carriers with clamps for the web-shaped product, as well as with drive means by which the clamp carriers are driven moving back and forth parallel to a drawing-off direction of the web-shaped product. The method includes the following features:
According to the invention, the proposed method is characterized in that the web-shaped product is produced with successive main sections and auxiliary sections, whereby the clamps are actuated in such a manner so that the opening and closing of the clamps takes place only in the time segments of the production in which an auxiliary section of the web-shaped product is being produced.
In an embodiment of the method, the clamps are furthermore actuated in such a manner so that during the drawing-off, only auxiliary sections of the web-shaped product that have already been produced are grasped by the clamps.
Thereby it is to be ensured that the main sections of the band-like material are free of damages due to the grasping with the clamps.
For applying the tension to the web-shaped product it is advantageous if the drive means of the clamp carriers are actuated dependent on the prescribed tension. For this purpose, the tension can be measured, for example with strain gages at suitable locations of the clamps or of the clamp carriers.
It is, however, especially advantageous if the drive means are embodied as drive motors with drive spindles, whereby the drive spindles drive the clamp carriers in the drawing-off direction or in the direction of the tension. In this case, the rotational moment or torque of the drive motors can be measured via the electrical actuation of the drive motors and—after corresponding transformation by calculation—can be used for the tension force dependent actuation of the drive motors.
The method according to the invention can be used especially advantageously in the production of certain—usually technical—woven fabrics with a weaving machine.
For such woven fabrics it is usually sufficient if it comprises successive main sections with limited length, whereby certain woven fabric characteristics must be present in these main sections. In the making-up or finishing, or further processing, of these woven fabrics, only these main sections of the woven fabric are utilized. It is therefore possible to weave auxiliary sections between the main sections, which auxiliary sections then become waste during the finishing or making-up.
The method according to the invention is especially advantageous in the production of multi-layered woven fabrics. These fabrics can be very thick—for example in the range of 5 mm to 80 mm—but even greater thicknesses are also possible. If then also fibers are utilized in the weft and/or the warp that are very stiff—i.e. slightly flexible, after the weaving process the finished fabric can no longer be wound up in the classical manner on a roller, but rather it must be drawn-off from the weaving machine essentially in the production direction—usually horizontally.
In these cases, with the proposed method, the main sections of the web-shaped product can then be produced for example as a multi-layered woven fabric with a defined tension and a defined weft spacing or weft density, while auxiliary sections are produced therebetween, which do not need to comprise any particular fabric characteristics, but rather which merely serve to separate the main sections from one another. The defined tension in the area of the main sections can easily amount to values of up to 20 KN in multi-layered technical fabrics. Because such fabrics are often utilized also in the field of fiber-reinforced plastics with high demands or requirements for the uniformity of the mechanical characteristics, a constant tension and especially a constant defined weft spacing or density is important especially during the production of the main sections of the fabric. That means that the drawing-off speed must be very constant during the production of the main sections. Thereby uniform defined spacing distances from one inserted weft thread to the next inserted weft thread (=weft spacing or density) are achieved.
Because, according to the invention, the opening and closing of the clamps during the drawing-off takes place only in the time segments of the production in which the auxiliary sections are being woven, therefore such fluctuations of the tension and/or of the weft density, which could arise unintentionally during the transfer of the fabric from one to the other clamp carrier, can only arise there (at the auxiliary sections). Thus, during the production of the main sections, no such transfer from one to the other clamp carrier takes place.
With correct selection of the spacing distances between the drawing-off apparatus and the weaving machine, and with corresponding adjustment and sequencing of the travel or shifting displacements of the clamp carriers, it can furthermore be achieved that the fabric web is grasped by the clamps only on the auxiliary sections during the drawing-off. That helps to avoid damages of the fabric surface in the main sections. In that regard, for specifying or setting the travel or shifting displacements of the clamp carriers, for the method proposed here and for the apparatus described in the following, the following geometric boundary conditions will pertain.
For the production of a certain length of a complete fabric piece with an auxiliary section and a main section, a travel or shifting displacement for the clamp carriers is required that is as large as the complete length of the fabric piece to be woven. In that regard, the travel or shifting displacement of the clamp carriers is defined as the spacing distance between the two outermost positions of the clamps or of the clamp carriers at the beginning and at the end of the apparatus. In order that a transfer from one to the other clamp can take place, while an auxiliary section of a subsequent fabric piece is being produced, the spacing distance between the outlet of the weaving machine and the beginning of the travel or shifting displacement for the clamp of the first clamp carrier may not be larger than the length of a complete fabric piece. In order to ensure the above described optimum transfer from one to another clamp, thus the length of a complete fabric piece must be within the travel or shifting displacement, while the auxiliary section of a subsequent fabric piece is being produced.
If—beginning from the previously specified boundary condition—also fabric pieces that are smaller than the previously described fabric pieces are to be produced with the same apparatus, then the travel or shifting displacement in total—thus the spacing distance between the two outermost positions of the clamps or the clamp carriers at the beginning and at the end of the apparatus—must be lengthened. There thus arises a travel or shifting displacement of the two clamps or the two clamp carriers that is larger than a complete length of the fabric piece to be woven, namely twice as large as the length of the smallest fabric piece to be woven. Simultaneously the spacing distance between the outlet of the weaving machine and the beginning of the travel or shifting displacement for the clamp of the first clamp carrier must be reduced, and particularly to ½ of the above defined travel or shifting displacement.
In the scope and context of the invention, furthermore an apparatus for drawing-off a web-shaped product from a production machine with two clamp carriers with clamps for the web-shaped product is proposed. The apparatus comprises an apparatus frame on which guide means for the clamp carriers are mounted. Furthermore drive means are present, by which the clamp carriers are drivable moving back and forth parallel to a drawing-off direction of the web-shaped product in a travel or shifting range. According to the invention, the apparatus is characterized in that each one of the two clamp carriers is drivable with a pair of drive spindles, wherein the drive spindles are arranged in such a manner so that the web center of the web-shaped product extends within the apparatus in an area or range between the two drive spindles of the respective clamp carrier. Thereby a uniform distribution of the tension of the web-shaped product onto the clamp carriers and onto the drive spindles is achieved.
Furthermore an apparatus is favorable, in which the drive spindles and the web-shaped product extend in the same plane. Thereby the force introduction onto the spindles occurs on the shortest possible path without unnecessary deflections and under substantial avoidance of deformations of the spindles.
Of course, an arrangement is also possible in which the drive spindles are arranged in a plane that extends parallel to the plane in which the web-shaped product extends. The previously mentioned favorable force introduction onto the spindles is, however, only then still ensured, if the spacing distance of the one plane to the other plane is not too large—for example smaller than the 3-fold diameter of the drive spindles.
A uniform distribution of the tensions or the drive forces of the spindles within the clamp carriers can additionally be achieved in that the drive spindles are arranged symmetrically to the middle of the clamp carriers in the direction of the width of the web-shaped product.
A further favorable embodiment of the apparatus arises if the drive spindles extend over the entire length of the travel or shifting range, whereby each pair of drive spindles, by which one of the two clamp carriers is drivable, is supported in the respective other clamp carrier.
Through this arrangement, almost the entire travel or shifting displacement that is available in the apparatus is traversable by both clamp carriers. And even with long drive spindles—that is to say long travel or shifting displacements—a through-going bending or oscillation of the drive spindles between the two end positions of the travel or shifting displacement is reduced.
The setting or adjusting and the actuation of the shifting motion of the drawing-off apparatus should be adaptable to the characteristics of the web-shaped product with auxiliary sections and main sections having different lengths. Moreover it can occur that the web-shaped product within the apparatus is not arranged symmetrically over the width, but instead extends or runs in a one-sided manner. In that regard, the web widths can for example amount to 50 cm to 150 cm.
For these reasons it is advantageous if each one of the drive spindles is drivable with its own drive motor. Thereby the travel or shifting displacements of each clamp carrier can be adjusted independently of the other clamp carrier. Moreover an asymmetrical distribution of the tensions on each of the two clamp carriers can be supported or absorbed via an asymmetrical actuation of the two associated drive motors.
For reasons of accessibility it is sensible to arrange all drive motors at the end of the travel or shifting range in the drawing-off direction of the web-shaped product.
In order to achieve the fewest possible and the most symmetrical possible strains and deformations within the apparatus, in further embodiment of the apparatus it is provided to carry out the guide means as guide tracks that are arranged symmetrically to the middle of the clamp carriers in the direction of the width of the product web.
In that regard it is especially advantageous if the guide tracks are supported or braced in the apparatus frame over their entire length.
In a further embodiment of the apparatus, two rollers for drawing-off the web-shaped product from one of the two clamp carriers are arranged on this clamp carrier. The roller gap is adjustable. At least one of the two rollers is motor-drivable. Thereby the automatic further transport of the web-shaped product is ensured at the outlet of the apparatus.
The apparatus according to the invention can be utilized in an especially advantageous manner in connection with a weaving machine. Thereby it becomes possible to carry out the above described method, for example in the production of multi-layered woven fabrics.
a-f schematic illustration of an embodiment of the method according to the invention
The
The production machine—presently a weaving machine 1—produces successive pieces 2.1, 2.2 of a multi-layered woven fabric. Each one of the woven pieces 2.1, 2.2 consists of an auxiliary section 3 and a main section 4. The main section 4 is the basis for the end product, which is to be produced. The auxiliary sections 3 are generally significantly shorter than the main sections 4; they serve merely for separating and handling of the main sections 4. Generally different weave patterns are utilized for the two sections 3, 4 of a woven fabric piece 2.1 or 2.2 etc. that is to be produced. The switching-over between the two weaving styles or weave patterns for the two sections 3, 4 of a fabric piece 2.1, 2.2 etc. is achieved automatically with a running weaving machine 1. For this, weft insertion, loom formation, warp and product control are activated from an electronic control console in a way and manner that is known to the skilled artisan. The different weave patterns are stored in the form of electronic pattern data in the weaving machine control. The produced fabric pieces 2.1, 2.2 are most suitably led away from the weaving machine 1 in the horizontal direction. At the start of a new production, the first fabric section 2.1 is generally grasped by the operator and fed to the following drawing-off apparatus 6, which automatically carries out the further method steps from then on.
The auxiliary section 3.1 that has already been produced is grasped by a clamp 10.1 in an apparatus 6 for drawing-off the fabric web 2, and is thereby connected with a first clamp carrier 7.1. The drawing-off apparatus 6 comprises two clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 with clamps 10.1, 10.2 for the fabric web 2. Furthermore the apparatus 6 has drive means by which the clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 can be driven moving back and forth parallel to a drawing-off direction of the fabric web 2. Several details of the drawing-off apparatus 6 are not illustrated in the
After the grasping of the auxiliary section 3.1 by the clamp 10.1 of the first clamp carrier 7.1, a tension in the drawing-off direction of the fabric web 2 is developed in the fabric piece 2.1 by the drive means of this clamp carrier 7.1. This tension is transmitted further on the weaving machine side via the warp threads up to the warp thread supply—for example a warp beam or a bobbin creel.
The drawing-off of the warp threads from this warp thread supply is controlled via suitable drive or braking means. Generally a measuring apparatus is located in the weaving machine 1, with which measuring apparatus the tension in the warp threads—that is the warp tension or the fabric tension—can be measured. The measuring apparatus for the measuring can of course also be mounted in the area between the clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 of the drawing-off apparatus 6 and the weaving machine 1. The measured tension is conveyed further to the control devices for the drive or braking apparatuses in the weaving machine 1 and if applicable also to the control devices for the drive means of the clamp carriers 7.
Thereupon, via the drive means of the second clamp carrier 7.2, a tension is developed in the fabric piece 2.1 and thereafter the clamp 10.1 of the first clamp carrier 7.1 is opened.
While the auxiliary section 3.3 is still being produced by the weaving machine 1, the first clamp carrier 7.1 is again shifted or displaced back to its starting position at the inlet of the drawing-off apparatus 6.
In the reverse or backwards motion, the clamp carriers 7 have a significantly higher shifting speed than in the forwards operation. Possible shifting speeds are for example 200 mm per minute in the forwards operation (that is to say the production speed of the weaving machine) and 3000 mm per minute in the reverse or backwards operation. Depending on the type of the woven fabric, of course also other shifting speeds can be necessary. The drive means of the clamp carriers 7 are to be correspondingly designed or engineered for that.
The different speeds of the clamp carriers 7 in the different method steps are illustrated by diagonally extending arrows or double arrows in the
The state or condition after the previously described return shifting of the first clamp carrier 7.1 into the starting position is illustrated in
In
In parallel with this, the first clamp carrier 7.1 with the clamped auxiliary section 3.3 is shifted in the drawing-off direction. Just then the weaving machine 1 begins to produce the auxiliary section 3.5. Simultaneously the clamp 10.2 of the second clamp carrier 7.2 closes at the auxiliary section 3.3 and takes over the total or entire tension in the fabric web 2. As a next step, the clamp 10.1 of the first clamp carrier 7.1 opens, and it is shifted at an elevated shifting speed back into its starting position, where it then grasps the auxiliary section 3.4. Therewith a complete method cycle is completed. The two clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 again have the positions as illustrated in
Through this method sequence or progression it is ensured that during the production of the main sections 4 of the fabric pieces 2.1, 2.2 etc., no transfer or taking-over of the drawn-off fabric web 2 from one to the other clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 takes place. Thereby possibly arising inaccuracies in the progression due to slipping or stretched fabric, which could arise during the opening and closing of the clamps 10, only become effective during the production of the auxiliary sections 3. In the auxiliary sections 3, however, a possible deviating or fluctuating fabric quality plays no role or is irrelevant, because these sections are not used anyway in the end product which is produced from only the main sections 4. A further advantage of the embodiment of the method according to the invention as described here exists in that the clamps 10.1, 10.2 of the clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 never grasp the fabric web 2 on the main sections 4 of the fabric pieces 2.1, 2.2, but rather always only on the auxiliary sections 3. A damaging of the main sections 4 by the clamps 10 is thereby completely excluded. That is especially suitable or sensible, for example, in the production of multi-layered woven fabrics for application in fiber composite structural components. The fibers of these fabrics are often very sensitive or delicate on their surface. Damages of the fibers or of the individual filaments of a fiber lead to problems in the following processing or treatment processes.
The
The apparatus 6 further includes 2 pairs of drive spindles 14.1, 14.2, by which the clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 are driven parallel to the drawing-off direction of the fabric web 2. One pair of these drive spindles 14.1, 14.2 is allocated to each clamp carrier 7.1, 7.2. The drive spindles 14 are arranged in such a manner so that the web center of the fabric web 2 within the apparatus 6 extends in an area between the two drive spindles 14 of the respective clamp carrier 7. Thereby, a symmetrical force introduction is achieved from the clamp carriers 7 into the drive spindles 14, when the clamp carriers 7 are under the tension of the fabric web 2.
In the present example, the drive spindles 14 are arranged in the same plane 15 in which the fabric web 2 also extends in the apparatus 6. This is more advantageous than an arrangement in different parallel planes with a large vertical spacing distance between fabric web 2 and drive spindles 14, because thereby undesired deformations of the clamp carriers 7 and of the drive spindles 14 can arise under high tensions.
The drive spindles 14 are presently arranged symmetrically to the middle of the clamp carriers 7 in the direction of the width of the fabric web 2. This also serves for the symmetrical introduction of forces into both drive spindles 14.1 or 14.2 of the respective clamp carrier 7.1 or 7.2. This pertains at least when the fabric web 2 is similarly drawn or pulled through the apparatus 6 symmetrically to the middle of the clamp carriers 7.1, 7.2 with respect to the width of the fabric web.
So that fabric webs 2 with different widths can be drawn-off, the clamps 10.1, 10.2 of the clamp carrier 7.1, 7.2 are respectively constructed of several pairs of clamp segments. This can best be seen in
Bearing bushings, which are not further illustrated, are provided at the location where the two drive spindles 14.2 or 14.1 of the respective one clamp carrier 7.2 or 7.1 are guided through the respective other clamp carrier 7.1, 7.2, wherein these bearing bushings ensure a support or bracing of the drive spindles of the one clamp carrier 7.2 or 7.1 in the respective other clamp carrier 7.1 or 7.2. Thereby, excessive bending of longer drive spindles 14 is reduced.
Each one of the drive spindles 14 is drivable with its own drive motor 9. The rotational moment or torque of the drive motors 9 can be measured in a known manner, e.g. via the current consumption of the electronic motor controller, and can be used for actuating the drive motors 9. The position determination of the two clamp carriers 7 within the apparatus 6 is achieved, for example, via an inductive displacement or travel distance measuring system—possibly in the area of the guide tracks 13—or via incremental signal transmitters within the drive motors 9. Thereby the current position of the respective clamp carrier 7 is determined from the number of the pulses or rotations of the drive motors 9 via the spindle pitch.
The drive motors 9 for the drive spindles 14 are presently mounted at the end of the apparatus 6 that faces away from the weaving machine 1. On this side, axial bearings of the drive spindles are also provided in the apparatus frame. The tensions in the fabric web 2 therefore produce tension forces in the drive spindles 14. Compressive forces can arise in the drive spindles 14 only during the return shifting of the clamp carriers 7 contrary to the drawing-off direction. These are, however, small so that no danger of impermissible deformations or even kinking or buckling exists.
The present embodiment of the apparatus 6, on the second clamp carrier 7.2, comprises two drawing-off rollers 17, 18 that form an adjustable roller gap therebetween. For adjusting the roller gap, the upper drawing-off roller 17 can be brought into different positions perpendicularly to the fabric web 2. A suitable actuator 19—for example a geared motor with spindle—serves for this positioning relative to the fabric web 2. For the drive, the lower drawing-off roller 18 includes, for example in the interior, an electric drum motor—however also other drive types with motors outside of the drawing-off roller 18 are also possible. It is also conceivable to drive the upper drawing-off roller 17 or both rollers 17, 18. With this roller pair 17, 18, the drawn-off fabric web 2 can be further transported on the far side of the second clamp carrier 7.2. Moreover, if needed, the already drawn-off fabric web 2 can be supported with this roller pair 17, 18 while the second clamp carrier 7.2 is on the return travel path from its end position into the starting position (see
With the described apparatus, other method sequences can also be realized. For example, it would also be possible to control the sequence so that during most of the method steps the complete tension of the fabric web is taken up not by the first clamp carrier but rather by the second clamp carrier, whereby the first clamp carrier in these phases only develops an auxiliary tension which serves to prevent an excessive sagging of the fabric web. In order to ensure the safety of the operators, the open accessible travel or shifting ranges of the clamp carriers 7, the roller gap between the drawing-off rollers, and the running drive spindles 14 are protected by safety light barriers, which are not illustrated. In that regard, safety light barriers are utilized that still reliably indicate an interruption of the light beam or light curtain even with a changed spacing distance between the emitter and the receiver.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2015 222 142.3 | Nov 2015 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/076490 | 11/3/2016 | WO | 00 |
