Patent Application
20060274161
The present invention relates generally to the field of power management; and, more specifically, to a technique for measuring ambient light.
Computer systems are becoming increasingly pervasive in our society, including everything from small handheld electronic devices, such as personal data assistants and cellular phones, to application-specific electronic devices, such as set-top boxes, digital cameras, and other consumer electronics, to medium-sized mobile systems such as notebook, sub-notebook, and tablet computers, to desktop systems, workstations, and servers. Computer systems typically include one or more processors. A processor may manipulate and control the flow of data in a computer. To provide more powerful computer systems for consumers, processor designers strive to continually increase the operating speed of the processor. Unfortunately, as processor speed increases, the power consumed by the processor tends to increase as well.
One approach to reducing overall power consumption of a computer system is to change the focus of power reduction from the processor to other components that have a significant impact on power. For example, display screens of computer systems typically consume a significant amount of power. For many backlit liquid crystal display (LCD) screens, increasing the brightness of the display screen typically increases its power consumption, and decreasing the brightness of the display screen typically decreases its power consumption. Therefore, it is typically in a user's best interest to operate the display screen at a low brightness level, while still providing comfortable viewing, to reduce power consumption.
To accomplish this, the user would typically need to manually readjust the brightness of the display screen each time ambient lighting conditions change. For today's mobile systems, ambient lighting conditions may change regularly, placing undue burden on the user to continually readjust the display screen brightness. Unless these adjustments are made, however, battery life will suffer. The present invention addresses this and other problems associated with the prior art.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying figures in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:
In some embodiments, a computer system may include an image capturing device. The image capturing device may be used for various applications. One application is to measure ambient light which may be determined based on shutter speed and gain of the image capturing device.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known structures, processes, and devices are shown in block diagram form or are referred to in a summary manner in order to provide an explanation without undue detail.
Computer System
The chipset 107 may include a memory control hub (MCH) 110. The MCH 110 may include a memory controller 112 that is coupled to memory 115. The memory 115 may store data and sequences of instructions that are executed by the CPU 102 or any other processing devices included in the computer system 100. The data may include time dependent or isochronous data that needs to be processed or delivered within certain time constraints. For example, multimedia streams require an isochronous transport mechanism to ensure that data is delivered as fast as it is displayed and to ensure that the audio is synchronized with the video. The data may include asynchronous data which may be delivered in random intervals, and synchronous data which may be delivered only at specific intervals.
The MCH 110 may include a graphics interface 113. Display 130 may be coupled to the graphics interface 113. The chipset 107 may also include an input/output control hub (ICH) 140. The ICH 140 is coupled with the MCH 110 via a hub interface. The ICH 140 provides an interface to input/output (I/O) devices within the computer system 100. The ICH 140 may include PCI bridge 146 that provides an interface to PCI bus 142. The PCI bridge 146 may provide a data path between the CPU 102 and peripheral devices. An audio device 150, an image capturing device 152, and a disk drive 155 may be connected to the PCI bus 142. The disk drive 155 may include a storage media to store data and sequences of instructions that are executed by the CPU 102 or any other processing devices included in the computer system 100. Although not shown, other devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, etc.) may also be connected to the PCI bus 142 or other system bus.
Ambient Light
Ambient light may include light on the scene or the light near or within vicinity of the user 208 and of the computer system 230. This light may depend on available natural light and artificial light. For example, when there is a bright light source behind the computer system 230 directing at the user 208, the ambient light of the area in front of the user 208 may be high or bright. When the computer system 230 is positioned in a low light area, the ambient light of the area in front of or around the user 208 may be low.
The ambient light may be measured using an ambient light sensor or light meter such as, for example, the Gossen Mavo-Monitor by Gossen Company of Germany. Referring to the example illustrated in
Automatic Exposure Control
Typically, to compensate for the varying light conditions, the image capturing device 152 may include an automatic exposure control feature which may control the aperture and the shutter speed of the image capturing device 152. The shutter speed is the amount of time that a shutter remains open so light is allowed to pass through the aperture. Leaving the shutter open for a longer period of time may allow more light to pass through the aperture. Shutter speed may be measured in seconds, or fractions of seconds. Typical shutter speeds are: 1/2000 second (sec.), 1/1000 sec, 1/500 sec, 1/250 sec, 1/125 sec, 1/60 sec, 1/30 sec, 1/15 sec, ⅛ sec, ¼ sec, ½ sec and 1 second. A fast shutter speed may require a larger aperture to avoid an under-exposed image. A slow shutter speed may require a small aperture to avoid an over-exposed image. As will be described in the following sections, the shutter speed may be used to determine the ambient light.
Aperture
The aperture is associated with the camera lens and is the size of the opening to allow light in. The standard camera terminology for aperture is f-stop. Some examples of f-stops are f1.8, f2.2, . . . , f7.1, f8. The f-stop (or aperture opening) may be fixed or variable. The f-stop numbers may be higher for smaller openings and smaller for larger openings. For example, the f-stop may be set to a large number (for small aperture opening) when there is lots of light. As will be described in the following sections, the aperture opening may be used to determine the ambient light.
Gain
For one embodiment, the image capturing device 152 may be a digital camera (referred to herein as the camera 152), although other image capturing device format may also be used. The automatic exposure control feature of most digital cameras automatically set aperture and shutter speed for optimal exposure. Some automatic exposure control feature may employ a fixed aperture and apply a digital gain factor in its place. This gain factor (or gain) may be determined automatically using a gain control logic (not shown) commonly referred to as automatic gain control (AGC) such as, for example, the AGC of the Logitech QuickCam for Notebook Pro from Logitech Inc. of Fremont, Calif. The AGC may enable the camera 152 to be sensitive to different light condition. As the ambient light falls, the AGC may cause an increase in gain. A large gain factor may be viewed as corresponding to a large aperture opening, and a small gain factor may be viewed as corresponding to a small aperture opening.
Determining Ambient Light Using Shutter Speed and Gain or Aperture
For one embodiment, when the aperture is variable, the number associated with the aperture opening (or aperture number) and the shutter speed may be used to determine the ambient light. For another embodiment, when the aperture number is fixed, and the camera includes the AGC, the gain and the shutter speed may be used to determine the ambient light. As mentioned above, the aperture number, the gain and the shutter speed may be automatically determined by the automatic exposure control of the camera 152 and may be received from the camera 152 via an interface (not shown).
*The Mavo-Monitor light meter typically provides reading in cd/m2 units with a lens.
The readings shown in Table 1 above were taken without using the lens to provide a wider field of vision. Hence, the cd/m2 units are not applicable. However, the readings in the table are actual readings read off the light meter. These readings at different ambient light levels are useful regardless of the units.
The data for each sample (row) in Table 1 include readings from four different devices (cameras 250, 255 and light meters 260, 270) positioned as illustrated in the example in
It may be noted in the above example that the light meter readings from the light meter 270 facing the user may be different from the light meter readings from the light meter 260 facing away from the user. The data under the shutter speed frequency readings column may be read as 1/value (seconds). The value may be, for example, 1/25 (seconds) or 1 25th of a second.
It may be observed that the graphs of the shutter speed of each camera and its corresponding light meter reading move in the same directions. For one embodiment, it can be shown on the logarithmic scale that the application of a scale factor and a linear offset may provide a reasonably good calculation to map the camera settings (gain and shutter speed) to the actual light meter readings. In mathematical terms, the light meter reading may be approximated using the following formula:
Logarithm (Meter Reading)˜=B*Freq+C−log(Gain)
Using the data shown in the Table 1 and plotting the results for various values of B, C, the following values of B and C are derived: B= 1/25, C=3.5. It may be noted that the values of B and C may vary depending on the camera. This mapping of the camera settings may also be applicable when the camera settings include the shutter speed and the aperture opening (instead of the gain). In this situation, the logarithm of the aperture number is used instead of the logarithm of the gain.
The following table (referred to as Table 2) includes multiple pair of values of ambient light determined using the shutter speed frequencies and the gain, and the corresponding light meter readings. The first two columns include readings from the camera and the light meter facing the user, and the second two columns include readings from the camera and the light meter facing away from the user.
Process
Computer Readable Media
In some embodiments, it is to be understood that they may be implemented as one or more software programs stored within a machine readable medium. A machine readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine readable medium includes read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), etc.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
