Patent Application
20090032340
The present disclosure relates, in general, to elevators and a guide device for an elevator having at least one roller and a braking apparatus.
Rope stretch is a problem in some elevator systems, and is generally a larger problem in high rise buildings. Rope stretch may occur when passengers depart or enter an elevator. The sudden fluctuation in weight in the elevator car reduces or increases the tension in the ropes. This change in tension may cause the elevator to move. Generally, changes in rope tension affect longer ropes more than shorter ropes, For example, one person entering an elevator cab with 1000 feet of rope may cause more rope stretch compared to the same person entering the same elevator cab having only 100 feet of rope.
Commonly, an elevator system comprises an elevator car and a counterweight, each suspended on opposite ends of hoist ropes which are disposed in an elevator hoistway. This elevator system also typically includes at least two sets of guide rails extending the length of the elevator hoistway, with each set of guide rails being disposed on opposite sides of the hoistway. The guide rails guide a plurality of roller guides attached to the elevator car. Besides guiding the elevator car up and down the hoistway, the roller guides ensure a smooth ride of the elevator car by isolating the elevator car from excitation and leveling the elevator car within the hoistway.
In the past, overcoming rope stretch may have required adding additional hoist ropes to the elevator system. Increasing the number of hoist ropes more greatly spread the weight being supported by the hoist ropes. Normally, elevator systems use a number of hoist ropes equal to the number of compensation ropes. Compensation ropes are responsible for supporting the weight of the compensation sheave. Therefore, adding more hoist ropes required adding more compensation ropes.
The natural frequency of an elevator rope is a function of its tension and the mass it is supporting. Commonly, compensation ropes have a low natural frequency because they support a low amount of mass. Ropes having a low natural frequency may have a frequency similar to the frequency of building sway. Resonance may occur where the frequency of a rope is the same as that of the building. The resonance may cause the ropes to strike the walls and elevator doors. Therefore, adding more compensation ropes, such as when trying to minimize the effects of elevator stretch, may cause more resonance due to it lowering the natural frequency of each compensation rope.
A better system for limiting and controlling movement of an elevator car is desired. While a variety of systems and configurations have been made and used that relate to this purpose, it is believed that no one prior to the inventor has made or used the invention described herein.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements shown. In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like elements in the several views. In the drawings:
Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numerals indicate the same elements throughout the views,
As seen in
As seen in
Roller (104, 106) are respectively engaged with lever arms (112, 114). Lever arms (112, 114) respectively comprise lower lever arm (112a, 114a) and upper lever arm (112b, 114b). Each lower lever arm (112a, 114a) is bearingly carried by base (110), pivotable about a respective pivot axis (112c, 114c). Each lever arm (112, 114) rotatably carries rollers (104, 106) respectively, bearingly supported thereby about respective roller shafts (112d, 114d) (not seen completely). Each upper lever arm (112b, 114b) is resiliently urged inwardly in the direction toward the guide rail (not shown) and therefore toward each other by respective biasing members (116, 118) carried by respective cantilevered shafts (120, 122) supported by base (110), which extend through respective openings of upper lever arms (112b, 114b). Although biasing members (116, 118) are illustrated as springs, any suitable biasing device may be used. In the embodiment depicted, the force exerted by biasing members (116, 118) against upper lever arms (112b, 114b) (and resisted by the guide rail through rollers (104) and (106)) may be adjusted by the position of members (124, 126). Outward movement of lever arms (112, 114) is limited by restraints (128, 130) respectively.
Each respective restraint (128, 130) includes cantilevered shaft (128a, 130a) extending from base (110) and rubber bumper (128b, 130b) the positions of which can be adjusted by positioning retainers (128c, 130c) illustrated as nut pairs. Restraints (128, 130) may be of any suitable construction or components. At the respective distal ends of lever arms (112, 114) are disposed respective actuators generally indicated at (132, 134) the details of which will be discussed later. Although in the embodiment depicted each roller (104, 106) has a respective actuator (132, 134) which function independent of each other, the movement of rollers (104, 106) could be made interdependent, with a single actuator disposed to dampen the oscillations acting on the frame.
Still referring to
Each lower lever arm (136a, 138a) is bearingly carried by base (110) and pivotable about a respective pivot axis (136c) and (138c). Each lever arm (136, 138) cooperatively rotatably carries roller (108), bearingly supported thereby about roller shaft (140) with roller shaft (140) being bearingly supported at each end by lever arms (136, 138) respectively. Each upper lever arm (136b, 138b) is resiliently urged inwardly in the direction toward the guide rail (not shown) by respective biasing members (142, 144). Biasing members (142, 144) are carried by respective cantilevered shafts (146, 148) supported by base (110) which extend through respective openings of upper lever arms (136b, 138b). Although biasing members (142, 144) are illustrated as springs, any suitable biasing device may be used.
In the embodiment depicted, the force exerted by biasing members (142, 144) against upper lever arms (136b, 138b (and resisted by the guide rail through roller (108)) may be adjusted by the position of members (150, 152). Outward and inward movement of lever arms (136, 138) is limited by restraints (154, 156) respectively. Each respective restraint (154, 156) includes cantilevered shaft (154a, 156a) extending from base (110) and rubber bumpers (154b, 156b) on the outside the positions of which can be adjusted by positioning retainers (154c, 156c) illustrated as nut pairs, and (154d, 156d) on the inside the positions of which can be adjusted by positioning retainers (154e, 156e) illustrated as nut pairs. Restraints (154, 156) may be of any suitable construction or components. The respective distal ends of lever arms (136, 138) are connected to each other through cross member (160) causing each lever arm (136, 138) to remained in proper alignment with the other. Actuator (162) is disposed at cross member (160).
Actuators (132, 134, 162), for example motors or solenoids, may augment or diminish the force of biasing members (116, 118, 142, 146, 148). Actuators may augment or diminish the spring force on the guiding devices of the active guide in response to a control system that determines the dampening requirements of the system to counteract the accelerations of the elevator system to create zero acceleration in the car. The control system may use sensors, such as accelerometers to detect acceleration of the elevator car and actuators to effect the dampening requirements.
Brake device (220, 222, 224) further comprises a pair of pads (226, 240, 252). Brake pads (226, 240, 252) are operable to engage brake disc (225, 241, 253). pads (226, 240, 252) are supported and affixed to a pair of caliper arms (228, 242, 254). Caliper arms (228, 242, 254) may at least be respectively directed in an axial direction towards and away from brake disc (225, 241, 253). Caliper arms (228, 242, 254) are rotatably supported by caliper pins (230, 244, 256). Caliper pins (230, 244, 256) permit caliper arms (228, 242, 254) to rotate in a direction around an axis represented by caliper pins (230, 244, 256).
A spring (236, 250, 262) has a plurality of ends with a first end respectively attached to a first caliper arm (228, 242, 254) and a second end attached to another caliper arm (228, 242, 254). Spring (236, 250, 262) is positioned proximal where caliper arms (228, 242, 254) respectively engage caliper pins (230, 244, 256). Spring (236, 250, 262) exerts a force directing caliper arms (228, 242, 254) in a direction opposite each other and away from brake disc (225, 241, 253). A solenoid (234, 248, 260) is respectively positioned between the pair of caliper arms (228, 242, 254). Solenoid (234, 248, 260) is positioned more proximal brake disc (225, 241, 253) compared to spring (236, 250, 262). Solenoid (234, 248, 260), in its inactive state where no electric current is running through it, does not inhibit the movement of caliper arms (228, 242, 254). Solenoid (234, 248, 260) in its active state where electric current is running through it draws caliper arms (228, 242, 254) towards each other, and to respectively engage brake disc (225, 241, 253). Caliper arms (228, 242, 254) and caliper pins (230, 244, 256) are respectively supported by a mount (236, 246, 258). Mount (236, 246, 258) is fixably secured to, and supported by base (210).
As mentioned earlier, other disc brakes are known in the art. Examples include a single-piston disc brake or a multi-piston disc brake. Also, self-centering and self-adjusting disc brakes are known in the art. Any suitable disc brake may be used with roller guide assemblies (102, 202) shown in
An alternative embodiment of a roller guide assembly is shown in
Housing (312) also respectively supports brake devices (326, 328). In the embodiment shown, brake devices (326, 328) respectively comprise a disc brake, such as that shown in
As mentioned earlier, a plurality of disc brakes are known in the art. Examples include a single-piston disc brake. Also, self-centering and self-adjusting disc brakes are known in the art. Any suitable disc brake may be used for brake devices (326, 328) with roller guide assembly (300). Yet further, any suitable actuating member such as a motor or solenoid may be used to operate brake devices (326, 328). Yet further, brake devices (326, 328) may be actuated mechanically, hydraulically, electromagnetically, pneumatically, or by using any other suitable method.
An exemplary disc brake (410) is depicted in
One method of operation for the embodiment of roller guide assembly (300) depicted in
More specifically, roller guide assembly (300) may be configured in an elevator system in a 400 meter building having 100 floors. Assume a passenger enters the elevator at the 99th floor to travel to the ground floor. The elevator's control system may direct the elevator to stop and pick up the passenger at the 40th floor. In one embodiment, the control system may direct the elevator car to decelerate at a certain speed before coming to a complete stop at the 40th floor. The control system may limit rotation of rollers (318, 320) to achieve this deceleration. The control system of the elevator may be programmed to decelerate the elevator at a desired rate as well as to avoid decelerating above a maximum rate. The control system may direct brake device (326, 328) to respectively engage rollers (318, 320) to otherwise minimize the ability of the guide rollers to rotate. The engagement of the disc brake with the roller may or may not coincide with reducing the rotation of a driven sheave engaged with the hoist ropes supporting the elevator car.
Brake device (326, 328) may remain respectively engaged with roller (318, 320) during the elevator's deceleration until the elevator car reaches the 40th floor (i.e. comes to a stop). Alternatively, brake devices (326, 328) may disengage rollers (318, 320) after a specified time period, when the elevator has reached a specified traveling speed, when the elevator has reach a certain distance from its planned stop, or based on some other factor.
Further, brake devices (326, 328) may remain engaged with rollers (318, 320) until the elevator stops at its destination, a certain time period after the elevator has stopped at its destination, or after the elevator resumes traveling. Any suitable method may be used for operating brake devices (326, 328). Various degrees of engagement may exist between brake devices (326, 328) and rollers (318, 320). For example, the initial force used to direct brake device (326, 328) against roller (318, 320) may be minimal to avoid stopping the elevator car too quickly. This initial force may be increased over time in order to increase the rate of deceleration of the elevator car.
Brake device (326, 328) may also engage roller (318, 320) after the elevator has stopped to address a call signal. For example, brake device (326, 328) may be directed to engage roller (318, 320) when the elevator has stopped at the 40th floor to pick up the passenger. Brake device (326, 328) may remain engaged with roller (318, 320) for a specified time period, such as the minimum amount of time possible before the elevator resumes traveling. Likewise, brake device (326, 328) may remain engaged with roller (318, 320) until the elevator begins traveling to its next destination or shortly before that.
Please also remember that the various embodiments of roller guide assemblies disclosed in this application may be incorporated with other mechanisms, methods, devices, and techniques for governing the movement of elevator cars. For example, a roller guide assembly having a disc brake may be used in conjunction with a braking apparatus that is capable of attaching to the guide rails to prevent movement of the elevator car to which it is attached. Likewise, the various embodiments of roller guide assemblies may be incorporated into elevator control and sensing systems such as those seen in U.S. Pat. No. 6,256,368 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,846, to govern the movement of an elevator car. All of the systems disclosed or referenced herein may operate independently or in conjunction with each other, including each roller guide device.
The versions presented in this disclosure are examples. Those skilled in the art can develop modifications and variants that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosed devices and methods. Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.
The application claims priority from the disclosure of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/953,031, entitled “Method and Apparatus To Minimize Re-Leveling in High Rise High Speed Elevators,” filed Jul. 31, 2007, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60953031 | Jul 2007 | US |
