The present invention relates to a method and arrangement for controlling the short circulation in a paper machine or the like, as defined in the preambles of the independent claims presented below.
The short circulation in a paper machine includes especially the following stages:
The pulp fed from the headbox of a paper machine onto the wire contains, in addition to the actual fiber material consisting of long fibers, a large amount of other solids, such as fiber-based fines and filler.
Filler is added to the pulp to improve the properties of the paper, such as paper formation, surface properties, opacity, brightness and printability, and to lower the paper manufacturing costs. As a filler, various minerals can be used, such as kaolin, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide or talc.
The fiber-based fines originate from the virgin stock conveyed to the paper machine and from the broke pulp added to the virgin stock. The amount of fines varies due to variations in the process conditions or the quality of the fiber material fed. Variations in the amount of fiber-based fines in high-consistency stock chiefly derive from the disc filter, but changes in the composition of the broke added to the pulp and in the grinding of the virgin stock also have an effect. Fines refers to material that passes through a 200 mesh wire or that has a length of <1 mm, typically <0.2 mm.
In order to ensure that the filler particles and fiber-based fines do not flow with the water through the fiber network forming on the wire and through the wire itself, they are bound to the fiber material by means of retention aids, such as polyacrylamide. Because of this, the properties of the paper, such as the amount of filler and fiber-based fines in the paper, can be controlled by regulating the feed of retention aid.
The retention aid is fed into the diluted pulp being fed into the headbox typically in the vicinity of the machine screen, but it may also be fed elsewhere.
The conventional method for monitoring the wire retention of paper and board machines is based on sampling and laboratory determination of consistencies. This method is sufficiently accurate as such, but the procedure is time-consuming and rather laborious. Analyses are probably made at intervals of a few hours. Information obtained after several hours' delay does not provide the required information on the process status at a particular time. This type of monitoring does not, therefore, allow active control of the process.
Current wire retention monitoring is based on continuous on-line measurements and automatic control. Automatic retention control is in this case usually based on total consistency measurement made from the white water, that is, on measuring the total consistency of filler and fiber-based fines. The feed of the retention aid or an agent affecting retention is regulated on the basis of this consistency measurement. On the basis of the white water consistency measurement, a retention aid pump or valve is controlled to regulate the flow rate of retention aid to the desired level. This solution is based on the fact that the white water in a paper machine contains the major part of the poorly retainable components in the so-called short circulation of the paper machine's wet end. When the white water consistency is under control, the status of the short circulation is also under control.
Retention control has also been successfully combined with multivariable control, in which variations in ash can also be controlled. From international patent application WO 99/27182 it is known, for example, to adjust the properties of paper by controlling simultaneously the flow of the retention aid on the basis of the measurement of the variable describing the amount of filler in the white water, and the flow of filler on the basis of the measurement for the ash content of the paper and/or pulp. Since it has thereby also been possible to measure the ash content of the high-consistency pulp, it has been possible to combine the ash disturbances in the high-consistency pulp with filler feed regulation. The above-mentioned measurements and controls are, however, not always sufficient for retention control.
Patent publication EP 62620 discloses a method for measuring the amount of fiber-based fines. The pulp grinding process can be controlled on the basis of the measurement.
Control of retention or the amount of filler based on measurements made from the white water or paper is based on measurements that are incorporated in the process at too late a stage for faults in the machine to be corrected quickly before web formation.
When a fault occurs, for example, in pulp feed, resulting in a considerable change in the amount of fiber-based fines, this change in the circumstances will not show until after a delay of several minutes in the total consistency of the white water. The fault can thus only be corrected some time after the commencement of the fault. The change in the properties of the paper pulp caused by the fault cannot, therefore, be corrected before web formation. A fault in the amount of fines appears as changes, for example, in the retention, basis weight and moisture content of the paper.
The aim of the present invention is to provide an improved method and arrangement for controlling the short circulation in a paper machine or the like.
The aim is then also to provide a method and arrangement by means of which the required change in retention aid and/or filler feed in the short circulation can be predicted.
A further aim is to provide a method and arrangement that make possible multivariable control with improved retention and/or white water consistency control.
To achieve the foregoing aims, the method and arrangement according to the invention are characterised by what is defined in the characterising parts of the independent claims disclosed below.
The invention relates to an arrangement at the wet end of a paper machine or the like, in the short circulation of the machine, in which pulp diluted with white water from high-consistency fiber-containing pulp, so-called thick stock, is conveyed to the headbox, to which diluted pulp is typically added a retention aid, such as polyacrylamide or other agent affecting retention, for retaining the fiber-containing fines which are contained in the pulp, and other fines, typically a filler improving the properties of the pulp.
The process at the wet end and the properties of the diluted fiber-containing pulp to be conveyed to the headbox can be controlled in a known manner by control means based on consistency measurements or determinations performed in the paper, high-consistency fiber-containing pulp, diluted fiber-containing pulp and/or the white water.
In the solution according to the invention it is proposed that
The solution according to the invention can, therefore, typically be applied in controlling the short circulation to control retention in such a way that
By measuring the amount of fiber-based fines in the high-consistency pulp, that is, before the dilution of the pulp with white water, it is possible to avoid the effects of the white water on the measurement and the true addition of fiber-based fines to the wet end circulation can be measured.
The invention can thus be applied in such a way that the amount of fiber-based fines to be retained is measured at such an early stage that there will be time to correct possible fault situations on the basis of the measurement, in other words, there will be time to control the retention aid or filler feed to correspond to the new situation before the fault reaches the headbox.
Thus it is possible to detect a change in the amount of fiber-based fines taking place in the pulp already before the wire pit and pulp dilution, and to anticipate the change to take place in the retention aid or filler feed. The change in the retention aid feed and/or filler feed is advantageously to take place at the point of time when the change in fiber-based fines in the pulp flow has proceeded to the retention aid or filler feed point.
In paper manufacture, the aim is to keep the basis weight of the pulp retained on the wire constant. The amount of fiber-based fines in the web affects the moisture content of the web and thus the runnability of the web. It would, therefore, often be desirable also to be able to keep the amount of fiber-based fines constant.
The control principle applied depends on how the consistency of the high-consistency pulp fed to the short circulation has been controlled before feeding.
The consistency of the high-consistency pulp may, for example, be controlled to be constant on the basis of the fiber fraction, that is, the fiber content, and disregarding the fiber-based fines. In such a case, the control is carried out using the type of consistency measurement that only takes into account fiber consistency. This type of measurement can be carried out, for example, by means of a blade consistency meter based on shear force. When the consistency of high-consistency pulp is controlled to be constant—in this case on the basis of the fiber fraction alone—the amount of fiber-based fines in the high-consistency pulp or diluted pulp can be measured in accordance with the invention and this result can be used for controlling the short circulation.
The consistency of high-consistency pulp may also be controlled to be constant on the basis of the total fiber fraction. In this case a consistency meter is used that takes into account the total fiber consistency, that is, the fiber consistency and the consistency of fiber-based fines. The total fiber consistency may be measured, for example, with a consistency meter based on microwaves.
On the other hand, the total fiber consistency of the high-consistency pulp can also be obtained by calculation, that is, by adding the measured amount of fiber-based fines to the reading given by the fiber consistency meter, whereby the result obtained can be used for consistency control.
If the consistency of the high-consistency pulp is controlled to be constant on the basis of the fiber fraction alone, that is, disregarding the fiber-based fines, and the measurement of the fiber-based fines according to the invention shows that the amount of fiber-based fines has increased, depending on the case, either
If, on the contrary, the consistency of the high-consistency pulp is controlled to be constant on the basis of the total fiber fraction, that is, by taking into account the fiber-based fines, and the measurement of the fiber-based fines according to the invention shows that the share of fiber-based fines increases and the share of fibers decreases correspondingly, and if the aim is to keep the total fiber amount retained on the web constant, the feed of retention aid can be increased in the short circulation in such a way that a correspondingly greater amount of the more poorly retained fiber-based fines are retained on the web. No changes will take place in the white water with regard to the amount of fibers. The addition of retention aid and the increase in the amount of fiber-based fines increases the retention of filler, in which case filler feed should be temporarily reduced.
If so desired, the ash contained in the high-consistency pulp can in addition be taken into account in controlling the consistency of high-consistency pulp.
On the other hand, the invention also makes possible the control of white water consistency, whereby measurements of the amount of fiber-based fines to be retained, present in the white water, are utilised. The addition of an agent affecting retention and/or a filler or the like can then be controlled on the basis of the need indicated by the measurements.
In the arrangement according to the invention, the feed of retention aid can be linked with multivariable control, where the retention aid feed, filler feed, or feed of other similar agent is linked with the same control system. In such a case, other changes taking place in the process can also be taken into account in the feed of these substances. If necessary, it is then also possible to take into account separately in control the amount of fiber-based fines in both high-consistency pulp and white water.
The determination of fiber-based fines in white water may correspondingly be performed on the basis of the difference between the total consistency of the white water and ash consistency, which represents the amount of fiber-based fines in the white water.
The content of fiber-based fines can, on the other hand, also be measured by means of a separate meter, which measures fiber length distribution. The different fines shares can then be calculated and weighted in the control by the probability with which they will appear in the wire pit, whereby the particularly poorly retained fiber fraction would be taken into account best in control.
An increase in retention aid also increases the retention of filler. In order to keep the consistency of the white water constant, in at least some cases, the filler feed must be controlled at the same time in such a way that the filler feed is momentarily reduced to obtain suitable filler consistency in the short water circulation of the wet end.
By utilising the solution according to the invention, the properties of the diluted pulp can be controlled by regulating the amount of fiber-containing fines in the short circulation, for example, by separately adding fines fibers to the circulation. Fines fibers can be obtained, for example, from fiber recovery, white water purification, such as micro-flotation, etc.
By means of the control according to the invention, it is possible to stabilise the wet end of the paper machine and to give the operator the opportunity to control events at the wet end more efficiently. In this way, the runnability of the paper machine can be improved and breaks can be reduced and the time required for grade changes can be shortened. Furthermore, the uniformity of paper quality, such as basis weight and moisture content, can be improved.
The invention is described in greater detail in the following, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
The total consistency or ash consistency is measured from the white water by means of a measuring device 30. Ash consistency refers mainly to filler consistency. The amount of fiber-based fines is not measured separately. The measurement is transmitted to a control unit 32, which with a valve 34 regulates the feed 36 of retention aid to the diluted pulp line 28.
In case of a fault, for example, if the amount of fiber-based fines in the high-consistency pulp increases substantially, information on this change does not reach the meter 30, measuring the total consistency of the fines in the white water, until the excess fiber-based fines flow through the wire and the total consistency of the white water increases. The signal to the valve 34 regulating the addition of retention aid thus arrives only when pulp with properties not corresponding to the desired ones has already been fed to the wire for 1 to 2 minutes.
High-consistency pulp, so-called thick stock, which typically contains both virgin stock and broke, is conveyed to the system from a machine chest (not shown) along line 20, to which is connected a feedforward solids flow measuring and control unit 38, known as such, which controls the flow of total solids so as to be constant. The purpose of the constant flow is to keep the total consistency constant in the diluted flow following the wire pit 16 in line 24.
In addition a measuring device 40 is connected to the high-consistency pulp line 20 for measuring the amount of fiber-based fines or the amount of total fines, which measuring device is connected according to the invention to a retention control unit 42 controlling the addition of retention aid by means of a flow rate controller 44 at control valve 34 to the diluted pulp to be conveyed to the machine screen 29 or elsewhere in the headbox.
In this way the retention aid feed can, in accordance with the invention, be maintained at such level that, of the pulp fed onto the wire, the desired total amount of fiber material, long fibers and fiber-based fines is retained on the wire, even when the ratio of the amounts of long and short fiber fractions to each other changes.
If so desired, it is possible to connect to the measuring device 40 measuring the amount of fines, a device which enables determination of the amount of different fiber fractions, for example, fibers of different lengths, in the pulp. The different fiber fractions can be given different weightings when determining the addition of retention aid.
From
The measuring device 48 measuring the consistency of the fiber fraction can be connected to a measuring device 40 measuring the amount of fiber-based fines, as shown by the broken line, whereby total fiber flow can be calculated. The retention aid feed is regulated in the manner shown in
In the arrangement shown in
When, in the arrangement shown in
The addition of retention aid would, however, at the same time initially bind more filler to the paper than before, and due to the thus reduced amount of filler, less filler would remain in the water circulation of the wet end than before. To avoid such changes of filler in the paper, and to control the consistency of the white water to be suitable, preferably constant, in the arrangement according to the invention, the amount of filler added to the pulp can be controlled according to the respective situation.
In this way, in the case described above, where the increase in fiber-based fines requires an addition of retention aid, the addition of filler can simultaneously be momentarily reduced, in order not to retain too much filler in the paper at the start. When the amount of filler in the short circulation decreases, filler feed can be increased in order to reach a suitable balance in filler feed. In
In
In cases where the amount of fiber-based fines may be allowed to increase momentarily in the web, there is no need to add retention aid even though the amount of fiber-containing fines increases in the short circulation. However, the increased fiber-containing fines increase the retention of filler, and thus it may be necessary to momentarily reduce the filler feed until the amount of filler in the white water has decreased. In the case of
Alternatively, in the case of
The purpose is not to limit the invention to the embodiments described above by way of examples, but to apply the invention broadly within the scope of the inventive idea defined in the claims disclosed below.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20010360 | Feb 2001 | FI | national |
This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 10/467,637 filed Aug. 15, 2003, which in turn is a National Stage of PCT/FI02/00147 filed Feb. 22, 2002. The entire disclosures of the prior applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
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Number | Date | Country |
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0 062 620 | Oct 1982 | EP |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20050279477 A1 | Dec 2005 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10467637 | US | |
Child | 11211760 | US |