Patent Application
20150092903
The invention relates to a method and a container for packaging and transporting for disposal intact irradiated control rod blades that are generated at commercial nuclear power plants.
In the United States, over 100 nuclear reactors supply about 20% of the electricity needed to power consumer demand, and worldwide, over 400 reactors provide 17% of the world's electricity. Among the radioactive materials found at nuclear power plants are enriched uranium, low-level waste, and spent nuclear fuel. Low-level radioactive waste includes items that have become contaminated with radioactive material. This waste typically consists of contaminated protective shoe covers and clothing, wiping rags, mops, filters, reactor water treatment residues, and equipment and tools. Low-level waste is stored at the nuclear power plant until either the radioactivity in the waste decays away or there is enough waste for shipment to a low-level waste disposal site.
Controls Rod Blades (CRBs) represent a relatively high level source of low level radioactive waste that must either be stored or disposed of properly. Most irradiated reactor components, including CRBs, generated at reactors require processing for size reduction due to the available transportation casks not being physically capable of containing unprocessed material. A typical CRB, is 175″ in total length and has an upper and a lower section. The upper section is 150″ long, having a cruciform. The cruciform is 9.88″ across and has blade sections that are 0.33″ thick. The lower section, known as the velocity limiter, is 20″ long and has a round cross section at its top and bottom 9.2″ in diameter.
Because of the way they are used in operation, the discharged CRBs have radiation levels that vary significantly from their top to bottom sections, with the radiation level at the top of the cruciform section being as high as 20,000 R/hr and the radiation level at the bottom of the limiter section being a low as 50 R/hr.
Currently, due to the length of the CRBs, commercial nuclear power plants process the irradiated CRBs using a crushing and shearing technique in order to facilitate their transport in an accident resistant cask to the site of disposal. Processing operations for this extremely high activity metal represents a significant source of risk, cost and radiation exposure for the nuclear utilities.
In addition, although it is posited that CRBs can be packaged in large casks designed for spent fuel transportation, such casks would be very large and heavy and would require transportation by railroad. Furthermore, most nuclear power plants lack the infrastructure to handle large rail casks and disposal sites cannot accept rail casks, thus, necessitating the design and fabrication of the cask of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a method and a container for packaging and transporting for disposal of intact irradiated CRBs that are generated at commercial nuclear power plants.
IAEA Publication of April 1999 entitled Spent Fuel Storage and transport Cask Decontamination and Modification discloses a cask with dual impact limiters and an inner basket. However, the present invention is directed towards casks for irradiated hardware transportation.
NPL Reference dated Oct. 22, 2012 entitled Typical Spent Fuel Transportation discloses a typical spent fuel cask having dual closures. The present invention is directed towards casks for irradiated hardware shipping and transport.
EP0758130A1 discloses a method of storing control rod blades including a nesting configuration. However, that method is not directed towards packaging for transportation, unlike the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and a container for packaging and transporting for disposal irradiated CRBs that are generated at commercial nuclear power plants.
Specifically, there is disclosed in the present invention a container for storing intact control rod blades including a cask which has a substantially square elongated portion and axially opposed dual end closures, such that the substantially square elongated portion is capable of receiving a basket containing a plurality of control rod blades, where each of the control rod blades has a cruciform end and a velocity limiter end, so that the cruciform end of one control rod blade rests against the velocity limiter end of an adjacent control rod blade, and where the substantially square elongated portion of the cask is comprised of three layers, an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, with the inner and outer layers made of ASTM A543 Steel.
Furthermore, there is disclosed in the present invention, a container for storing intact control rod blades having a basket which includes two axially opposed ends, with the first axially opposed end of the basket being removable, and fitted with a lifting device attachment, and another axially opposed end including bars emanating in a direction parallel to a rod which spans a length from the first axially opposed end to the other axially opposed end, with the bars spanning a length from the axially opposed end to an approximately midway point of the length of the rod, the bars being secured by a substantially square cross sectioned ring to which they are integrally connected.
Moreover, there is disclosed in the present invention, a method of transporting intact control rod blades, comprising placing control rod blades within a basket, wherein adjacent control rod blades are configured such that a cruciform end of one control rod blade rests against a velocity limiter end of an adjacent control rod blade, placing the basket within a cask, the cask having a substantially square elongated portion and axially opposed dual end closures, the substantially square elongated portion being capable of receiving the basket containing a plurality of control rod blades, and wherein the substantially square elongated portion of the cask is comprised of three layers, an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, the inner and outer layers being comprised of ASTM A543 Steel.
With reference now to
As depicted in
The shielding aspect of the cask utilizes ASTM A543 Steel (AKA HY-80 Steel) in a traditional steel-lead-steel configuration, however, the use of the ASTM A543 Steel, which was originally fabricated for use in submarine hulls, makes it possible for the cask to meet hypothetical accident conditions while meeting weight constraints for road transportation. As is depicted in
With reference to
Thus, the end 25, bars 40 and ring 45 define the basket aspect of the present invention. In use, the basket 15 is loaded remotely one CRB at a time. The first four CRBs have the velocity limiter towards end 25 and the next four CRBs have the velocity limiter towards end 20, as depicted in
