The present invention relates to a method and a device for determining a safe altitude for an aircraft, in particular a military transport airplane.
Although not exclusively, the present invention applies more particularly to an aircraft flying at low altitude.
In such a low-altitude flight, emergency situations may occur (following a failure or because of an operational need, for example), for which the aircraft must be brought immediately to a high altitude, where it is safe and where there is no longer any risk of collision with the ground.
The subject of the present invention is a method for determining a safe altitude for an aircraft, at which the latter can fly in complete safety with no risk of collision with the ground.
To this end, according to the invention, said method is noteworthy in that:
Furthermore, advantageously, in step d), at least said safe altitude is presented to a pilot of the aircraft.
Thus, with the invention, the safe altitude at which the aircraft can fly in complete safety, with no risk of collision with the ground, is known.
Furthermore, advantageously, said guard height is a predetermined height, which can be modified by an operator. Preferably, said guard height is around 1000 feet (approximately 300 meters).
In a first embodiment applied to an aircraft which flies (that is, which is guided) along a predetermined flight path comprising a lateral path provided with waypoints, advantageously, said clear zone is linked to said lateral path.
In this case, advantageously:
In this latter case, advantageously:
Moreover, in a second embodiment applied to an aircraft which is in free flight (that is, which is not automatically guided by an automatic pilot or a flight director system on a predetermined path) in particular a flight in visual flight conditions, advantageously, said clear zone is linked to the current position of the aircraft.
In this case, advantageously:
Furthermore, advantageously, said clear zone presents a width which takes into account an uncertainty concerning said current position of the aircraft.
In a particular embodiment, said clear zone is conical in shape, to favor turns (lateral maneuvers).
Furthermore, advantageously, said clear zone can be modified by an operator, in particular in mission preparation (on the ground).
Moreover, advantageously, the following operations are also carried out:
Furthermore, advantageously, a safe altitude profile is determined, taking into account any variation in the safe altitude at least forward of the current position of the aircraft, with the appropriate delay before the change of altitude.
The present invention also relates to a device for determining a safe altitude for an aircraft, in particular a military transport airplane.
According to the invention, said device is noteworthy in that it includes:
In a preferred embodiment, said device also includes:
The device according to the invention therefore provides valuable help in piloting, by indicating in particular the (safe) altitude at which the aircraft can fly in complete safety.
How the invention can be produced will be clearly understood from the figures of the appended drawing. In these figures, identical references denote similar elements.
The device 1 according to the invention and diagrammatically represented in
For this, said device 1 includes, according to the invention:
In a particular embodiment, said device 1 also includes:
Said display screen 14 may be a head-up display (HUD) or a head-down display. It may also show a horizontal display or a vertical display (that is, in cross section).
Thus, with the device 1 according to the invention, the pilot knows exactly the altitude (safe altitude AS) to which he must bring the aircraft A in order to be able to fly in complete safety, in particular in emergency situations, for example following a failure or because of an operational need. At this safe altitude AS, there is no longer any risk of collision with the ground 7 for the aircraft A.
It will be noted that the guard height HG which is, for example, supplied by the set 9 of information sources, is preferably a predetermined height, for example around 1000 feet (approximately 300 meters). Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, this predetermined height can be modified by an operator, in particular a pilot of the aircraft A.
Although not exclusively, the present invention applies more particularly to a low-altitude flight of an aircraft A, for which the risk of collision with the ground 7 is obviously enhanced. In such a low-altitude flight, in the event of problems, it is sufficient for the pilot to bring the aircraft A to said safe altitude AS to avoid any collision with the ground 7, and this, in particular, in emergency situations.
In a first embodiment represented in
In this case, in a preferred variant, said flight path TO is a “length of string” path, in which the lateral path TL located in the lateral plane is made up of straight-line segments S1 which interlink the various waypoints P1A, P1B, and for which the vertical path TV located in the vertical plane comprises successive straight-line segments S2 joining at points P2. It will be noted that the flight path TO can also include a lateral path TL as specified above, and a vertical path TV which represents a continuous curve. Preferably, the lateral and vertical transitions between the various straight-line segments S1, S2 are arcs of constant radius, which are calculated by considering set-point speed and maximum allowable load factors. This flight path TO is an anticipated path, determined using predicted ascent and descent performance characteristics of the aircraft A. Furthermore, it is calculated using a digital database of the ground or a radar which extracts the digital profile and it follows, as best it can and as closely as possible, the relief configuration 15 of the ground 7 to be flown over, being, for example, located above a ground profile PT.
In the first embodiment represented in
In the example of
In this case, in a first simplified variant, the clear zone 3 can encompass the various individual areas 16, 17 and 18, such that the highest altitude of all of the ground 7 which is located under this overall clear zone 3 is then sought. On the other hand, in a second, more specific variant, the invention can be implemented for each of these individual areas 16, 17 and 18 which then each in turn become a clear zone, under which the highest altitude of the ground 7 is then determined.
In
It will be noted that the circles 17 and 18 can be used to safeguard the flight of the aircraft A at said waypoints P1A and P1B, in the case where the path actually followed by the aircraft A and illustrated by possible path sections Ti in
In a particular embodiment, the means 8 do not determine only a safe altitude AS, but also a safe altitude profile PA which takes into account any variation of the safe altitude AS at least forward of the current position 29 of the aircraft A, as represented in
Said safe altitude profile PA includes a plurality of levels 20, 21, 22 and 23 which define a safe altitude AS respectively associated with the successive clear zones represented in
It will also be noted that it is known that to each waypoint P1A, P1B can be linked a condition relating to the flying-over of this waypoint P1A, P1B, which can correspond:
In this case, preferably, the clear zone 3 is such that:
It will be noted that the safe altitude AS does not only provide the crew with a safe altitude, but it enables it also to anticipate the safe altitude profile PA along the flight path TO.
Moreover, in a second embodiment, for which no automatic guidance mode of the aircraft A is engaged, that is, for which the aircraft A is in free flight, with no automatic pilot system or with no flight director system, in particular in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), the clear zone 3 is linked to the current position 30 of the aircraft, as represented in
In this case, the clear zone 3 presents, for example, a conical shape or a trapezoidal shape (in particular to anticipate the turns), as represented in the top part of
Thus, taken individually, the different clear zones 31A, 31B and 31C are used to create a safe altitude profile PA comprising levels 33A, 33B and 33C respectively associated with said individual clear zones 31A, 31B and 31C. These clear zones are therefore defined around the position of the aircraft A.
In the example of
In a preferred embodiment, said clear zone 3 presents a width which takes into account an uncertainty concerning the current position 30 of the aircraft A. Furthermore, said clear zone 3 presents a length:
Moreover, the device 1 according to the invention also has, as represented in
For this, said means 37:
In a particular embodiment, said set 9 of information sources provides the central processing unit 11, with at least some of the following information:
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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04 05385 | May 2004 | FR | national |
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2741320 | May 1997 | FR |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20050258979 A1 | Nov 2005 | US |