Patent Application
20070119224
The present invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body by conducting drawing and ironing of a metal sheet by using a punch and an ironing die.
Drawn and ironed metal cans such as aluminum two-piece cans or steel two-piece cans formed by integrally molding a can body and a can bottom section by drawing and ironing and then seaming a lid to the circumference of the open section of the can body have been widely used in the past. Metal can bodies for such two-piece cans have been manufactured by deep drawing a round sheet punched out from a flat sheet of aluminum or steel, forming a cup body in which a bottom section is integrated with a side wall, and then conducting ironing of the side wall of the cup body. By conducting ironing of the side wall, the thickness of the side wall of the cup body is reduced and a drawn and ironed metal can is formed by using the reduced quantity of metal materials.
The ironing is conducted by draw ironing in a wet state using a cooling and lubricant agent, that is, a coolant. The can molded by a wet molding process requires washing equipment and also environmental protection equipment, such as wastewater treatment equipment.
A synthetic resin coated aluminum can body or a synthetic resin coated steel can body (referred to hereinbelow simply as “resin coated can body”) in which a synthetic resin film such as a polyester film is laminated on both surfaces of a metal sheet has been suggested (See the patent document 1) because in such drawn and ironed metal cans, a coating on the inner surface for ensuring corrosion resistance of the inner surface of the can is not required and the can has excellent ability to preserve the flavor of its contents. Furthermore, deep drawing and ironing are conducted in a dry state without using a coolant, that is, a cooling and lubricant agent. This processing is called dry molding, and because a cooling and lubricant agent is not used, the manufacturing process is simplified and speed thereof is increased. Furthermore, because such a processing method reduces environmental load, it can be also referred to as an environmentally friendly method. Moreover, when printing is conducted on the front surface of the can body, the printing ink is not repelled by a lubricating film and adequate printing can be conducted. A resin coated can body is continuously manufactured at a high speed as a seamless can body, for example by a process in which a resin coated aluminum sheet in which a thermoplastic polyester resin is coated on both surfaces of an aluminum sheet is coated on the front surface thereof with a lubricant agent, then a cup body is formed by drawing in a dry state, and then one-stroke ironing of the cup body thus obtained is conducted in a dry state by using a punch together with a ring-shaped ironing die. It has also been suggested to circulate a heating liquid inside the punch and ring-shaped die before the continuous can manufacturing process is started and cause the flow of cooling liquid inside the punch and ring-shaped die immediately before and immediately after the continuous can manufacturing process is started, thereby maintaining the appropriate temperature of the punch surface and, at the same time, preventing the excess increase in can temperature at the initial stage of deep drawing and ironing, so that continuous ironing can be conducted.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-178048, Paragraphs 0028-0035,
Because aluminum is a metal material with mechanical properties, such as strength, r value, and limit draw ratio, inferior to those of steel, a can body breakage, in which the can body is ruptured, easily occurs during drawing and ironing accompanied by large deformation. Therefore, a limitation is inevitably placed on the processing amount and processing speed in the process of drawing and ironing an aluminum sheet, and the speed in manufacturing an aluminum two-piece can and the gage-down of the material are also restricted.
As shown by an enlarged partial cross section of the cup C, when a drawn and ironed can is molded so that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness of the side wall is 60 to 80% by using a cup C manufactured from an aluminum sheet having no resin coating, the ironing ratio per one cycle of ironing in one ironing die has to be suppressed to 40% or less in order to suppress the breakage ratio of the side wall to 10 ppm or less. Therefore, as described hereinabove, the redrawn can (cup body) 60 has to be subjected to multistage ironing by successively passing through the ironing dies arranged successively in a row in the punch stroke direction. As a result, the punch stroke length tends to increase. For example, in the case of a 500 mL can, the three ironing dies have to be held at an arrangement length of 295.5 mm or more. As a result, the punch stroke length increases to about 668 mm. If the stroke increases, the inertial force and impact force generated in the movable sections of the can manufacturing machine increases, thereby facilitating the fracture of machinery parts. As a result, the can manufacturing speed is difficult to increase. Furthermore, because a long stroke causes increase in punch vibrations, the can manufacturing accuracy decreases, e.g., thickness deviation occurs, and a negative effect is produced on the can quality. Decreasing the stroke length and conducting simultaneous ironing in a plurality of ironing dies can be considered as measures for resolving this problem, but such measures are difficult to employ because rupture occurs at the side wall of the can.
A phenomenon of a resin coating layer making contribution to the improved formability of a metal sheet during ironing of the metal sheet was observed in resin coated metal sheets in which the coating layer was present on both surfaces or in resin coated cup bodies that were formed from such sheets and had the coating layer on both the inner surface and the outer surface. Accordingly, with consideration for the contribution to the formability of the resin coating layer, there are problems that have to be resolved in terms of relaxing the processing conditions of metal sheet ironing in the manufacture of resin coated can body.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body that make it possible to conduct ironing at a large processing quantity, without the can body breakage, while providing for the relaxation of processing conditions of metal sheet ironing by using the presence of the resin coating layer, to reduce ironing energy and shorten ironing time, to manufacture cans at a high speed, and also to shorten the punch stroke and reduce the drawing and ironing equipment in size.
In order to attain the above-described object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body by drawing a metal sheet coated on both surfaces with a thermoplastic resin to obtain a cup body and then ironing a side wall of the cup body by using a punch and a plurality of ironing dies, wherein the ironing comprises a first ironing conducted with respect to the side wall of the cup body with a first ironing die at a processing quantity such that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from an original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55% and a second ironing conducted with a second ironing die with respect to the side wall, which has been subjected to the first ironing, at a processing quantity such that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 60 to 75%. Here, the drawing may also include redrawing. Furthermore, the original sheet thickness is the thickness of the flat sheet before the metal sheet is drawn to a cup body and is the thickness including the thermoplastic resin coating.
With this method for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the synthetic resin coated metal can body is manufactured by performing ironing with respect to a cup body that was formed from a metal sheet coated on both sides with a thermoplastic resin. However, in the first ironing process, which is implemented together with the punch with respect to the side wall of the cup body that has been coated with a thermoplastic resin on both the inner and the outer surface, the ironing is performed with the first ironing die at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55%. Then, the second ironing is performed with the second ironing die with respect to the side wall, which was subjected to the first ironing, at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 60 to 75%. Because the coating layer of the thermoplastic resin acts in the direction of preventing the breakage (rupture) of the side wall of the cup body, which is the metal body, the processing conditions of ironing can be relieved, and ironing can be performed in which the quality is maintained, without the can body breakage in the cup body, even if the ironing is performed at a processing quantity with a high sheet thickness reduction ratio.
The present invention also provides a device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body by using a punch and a plurality of ironing dies and ironing a side wall of a cup body obtained by drawing a metal sheet coated on both surfaces with a thermoplastic resin, wherein the plurality of ironing dies comprise a first ironing die for conducting first ironing at a processing quantity such that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from an original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55% and a second ironing die disposed at a distance equal to or slightly larger than the length of the metal can body obtained in the first ironing from the first ironing die and conducting second ironing with respect to the side wall, that has been subjected to the first ironing, at a processing quantity such that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 60 to 75%. Here, the length of the metal can body means the length of the side wall of the can body that does not include a taper section (chime section) linking the can bottom and the side wall. Furthermore, the distance between the dies means the distance between two dies in a die-straight section position where ironing is conducted.
With this device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the synthetic resin coated metal can body is manufactured by performing ironing with respect to a cup body that was formed from a metal sheet coated on both sides with a thermoplastic resin. However, in the first ironing process, which is implemented together with a punch with respect to the side wall of the cup body that has been coated with a thermoplastic resin on both the inner and the outer surface, the ironing is performed with the first ironing die at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55%. The second ironing die is disposed at a slightly larger distance than the length of the metal can body obtained in the first ironing from the first ironing die. Therefore, the metal can body starts passing through the second ironing die immediately after passing through the first ironing die, and the second ironing is conducted with the second ironing die with respect to the side wall, that was subjected to the first ironing, at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 60 to 75%. Because the coating layer of the thermoplastic resin acts in the direction of preventing the breakage (rupture) of the side wall of the cup body, which is the metal body, the processing conditions of ironing can be relieved, and ironing can be performed in which the quality is maintained, without the can body breakage in the cup body, even if the ironing is performed at a processing quantity with a high sheet thickness reduction ratio. As described hereinabove, the ironing die comprises the first and the second ironing dies, and the two dies are disposed with a spacing slightly larger than the length of the metal can body obtained in the first ironing process. As a result, the two dies do not conduct simultaneous ironing of a leading edge and a trailing edge of a can in a certain can body, and the probability of thickness deviation or breakage caused by the die or punch core displacement is small. Furthermore, the distance between the two ironing dies is reduced to a minimum, thereby providing for improvement relating to the processing speed and space required for disposing the device.
In the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the first ironing die and the second ironing die can be single ironing dies. The first ironing die is an ironing die conducting the ironing independently, that is, composed of one ring-shaped ironing die. The first ironing die performs first ironing at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55%. Because the processing quantity of the second ironing die is less than the processing quantity of the first ironing die, when the first ironing die is a single ironing die, the second ironing die also can be configured as a single ironing die.
In the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, at least the first ironing die from among the first ironing die and the second ironing die is a composite ironing die comprising a leading side ironing die and a trailing side ironing die arranged in a row in an ironing direction. The first ironing die performs ironing at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55%, and because this processing quantity is larger than the processing quantity of the second ironing die, the ironing is preferably distributed between the ironing dies by employing, as the first ironing die, a composite ironing die comprising a leading side ironing die and a trailing side ironing die arranged in a row in an ironing direction. Disposing the leading side ironing die and the trailing side ironing die of the composite ironing die adjacently is most effective for preventing the deviation of thickness or vibrations of the punch and for shortening the punch stroke. However, the distance between the dies can be also set within a range in which the ironing will be simultaneously conducted by the dies. In this case, the spacing between the leading side ironing die and the trailing side ironing die is preferably equal to or less than half the length of the side wall of the can body in the case where the processing is conduced only with the leading side ironing die for the deviation of thickness or vibrations of the punch. The second ironing die also can be a composite ironing die, similarly to the first ironing die, but because the processing quantity thereof is less than the processing quantity of the first ironing die, it can be a single ironing die.
In the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the ironing of the side wall performed with the leading side ironing die may be conducted at a processing quantity such that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 18 to 40%, and the ironing of the side wall performed with the trailing side ironing die may be conducted at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55%. Because the processing quantity in the first ironing die comprising a composite ironing die may be increased with respect to the metal sheet and resin coating layer with a larger thickness prior to thickness reduction, the processing quantity of the leading side ironing die is preferably equal to or larger than half the processing quantity of the trailing side ironing die.
In the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the metal sheet may be an aluminum sheet. The moldability improvement action of the synthetic resin coating layer on the metal layer when the metal sheet coated with a synthetic resin on the surface is subjected to ironing is especially high with respect to aluminum that has mechanical properties inferior to those of steel.
In the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the thermoplastic resin preferably has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 1.45 to 11.8 GPa. By setting forth the tensile modulus of elasticity of the thermoplastic resin in the aforementioned range, the reinforcing action of the synthetic resin coating layer on the metal layer undergoing ironing can be sufficiently demonstrated. If the tensile modulus of elasticity of the thermoplastic resin is outside the range, the breakage occurrence ratio is increased and partial peeling in the thermoplastic resin layer and metal exposure on the inner surface of the can are observed.
In the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the thermoplastic resin is a polyester resin. With consideration for the above-described properties and strengthening action, it is preferred that the thermoplastic resin be a polyester resin. Examples of other suitable resins include polypropylene and Nylon.
In the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body, the thermoplastic resin is preferably coated on the metal sheet to a thickness of 5 to 50 μm on the side that is to be an inner surface side of the metal can body and to a thickness of 3 to 50 μm on the side that is to be an outer surface of the metal can body. When the film thickness of the thermoplastic resin is outside the aforementioned ranges, partial or significant peeling from the metal surface is observed in the thermoplastic resin.
Because the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body in accordance with the present invention use the above-described features, in the first ironing conducted together with a punch with respect to the side wall of the cup body coated with a thermoplastic resin on both the inner surface and the outer surface, the ironing is conducted with a first ironing die at a processing quantity such that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from an original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55% and then in the second ironing conducted by the second ironing die with respect to the side wall, which has been subjected to the first ironing, the ironing is conducted at a processing quantity such that a sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 60 to 75%. Because the coating layer of the thermoplastic resin acts in the direction of preventing the breakage (rupture) of the side wall of the cup body, which is the metal body, the can body breakage in the cup body can be avoided, ironing is so performed in which the quality is maintained, and a resin coated metal can body maintaining good quality may be obtained, even if the ironing is performed at a processing quantity with a high sheet thickness reduction ratio. Therefore, the processing limitations placed on the ironing process is relaxed and the number of ironing stages is reduced. As a result, the ironing energy reduction and ironing time shortening are realized and can manufacturing may be conducted at a high speed. Furthermore, in the manufacturing device, the punch stroke for ironing may be shortened correspondingly to the reduction in the number of ironing stages, and the drawing and ironing equipment may be reduced in size, and space may be saved.
1: resin-coated aluminum sheet 2: aluminum sheet
3: inner surface of the aluminum sheet 2
4: outer surface of the aluminum sheet 2
5, 6: thermoplastic resin coating film
10: device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body 11: punch
12: blank folder 13: redrawing die
14, 34: first ironing die
14
a: leading side ironing die
14
b: trailing side ironing die
15, 35: second ironing die 17: stripper
20: redrawn can 21: first step can
22: second step can
C, C′: cup
L0: length of the redrawn can 20
L1: length of the first step can 21
Embodiments of the method and device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body in accordance with the present invention will be explained below with reference to the appended drawings.
In the device for manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body shown in
As shown in
Similarly to the conventional manufacturing device shown in
The first ironing die 14 is disposed at a length L0 of the redrawn can 20 (strictly speaking, the length of the side wall) or at a slightly longer distance from the redrawing die 13. The first ironing die 14 together with the punch 11 perform first ironing of the cup C′ comprising the resin coated aluminum sheet 1 at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 35 to 55%. Here, the sheet thickness reduction ratio is defined as a reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness. The first processing quantity of the processing conduced by the first ironing die 14 is set larger than the second processing quantity of the second ironing die. In the embodiment shown in
As for the distribution of processing quantity between the leading side ironing die 14a and the trailing side ironing die 14b in the embodiment shown in
The second ironing die 15 is disposed at a length L1 of the first step can 21 (strictly speaking, the length of the side wall) or at a slightly larger distance from the first ironing die 14. Therefore, the first step can 21 starts passing through the second ironing die 15 from the leading portion thereof immediately after passing through the first ironing die 14, and the second ironing is performed by the second ironing die with respect to the side wall that was subjected to the first ironing. The first ironing and the second ironing are not performed simultaneously, and an excess impact load does not act on the can or the punch 11. The second ironing die 15 together with the punch 11 perform the second ironing of the side wall of the first step can 21 at a processing quantity such that the sheet thickness reduction ratio from the original sheet thickness is within a range of 60 to 75%. The second ironing die 15 also can be a composite die similarly to the first ironing die 14, but in order to provide a processing quantity less than the processing quantity provided by the first ironing die 14 and to maintain the product quality by regulating thickness deviation in the metal can body, the second ironing die is preferably configured as a single ironing die.
It was experimentally confirmed that the side wall can be subjected to ironing such that the processing quantity in the first ironing die 14 and the processing quantity in the second ironing die 15 are within a range of the sheet thickness reduction ratio of 35 to 55% and 60 to 75%. Thus, it was confirmed that due to the presence of the synthetic resin coating layer, the processing restrictions relating to ironing may be relaxed and the can body breakage may be avoided even if ironing is conducted at a high processing quantity. Three ironing dies 54, 55, 56 (see
Test conditions and evaluation results relating to ironing conducted in Working Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 of manufacturing a synthetic resin coated metal can body in accordance with the present invention are shown in Table 1. Items in the lateral direction of Table 1, include a can size, tool and molding conditions, organic resin coating film, and evaluation results. As for the can size, there are a 350 mL can and a 500 mL can with a can diameter of 211 (nominal diameter), a lid diameter of 204 (nominal diameter) and a can height of 122 mm and 167 mm, respectively. The tool and molding condition items include a punch stroke, a first ironing mode, each sheet thickness reduction ratio in a composite die, and a sheet thickness reduction ratio in the final ironing die. The items relating to the organic resin coating film include the type, thickness, tensile elasticity, and adhesive strength of the resin on the inner surface. In the resin coated metal can body, the coated synthetic resin film can be easily damaged and coating defects such as pinholes easily occur therein. For this reason, the coating film has to be prevented form damage in the manufacturing process in order to ensure quality such as corrosion resistance and flavor. For this reason, the evaluation results include the can body breakage occurrence ratio, rollback (buckling occurring close to the opening edge when the molded can is pulled out from the punch), peeling of the organic resin coating material, and metal exposure on the inner surface of the can.
Conditions of tests on manufacturing synthetic resin coated metal can bodies and evaluation results
Usually, when single ironing is implemented, the stroke length of a body maker has to be 24 inch for a 350 ml can and 26 inch for a 500 ml can.
Working Example 1, Working Example 2, and Working Example 8 are examples in which first ironing was conducted as single ironing, and Working Examples 3 to 7 and Working Example 9 are examples in which the first ironing was conducted as a simultaneous ironing by a composite ironing die. In other aspects, the aforementioned items had numerical values within the ranges set forth by the present invention as shown in Table 1. As for evaluation results relating to working examples, the can body breakage ratio was zero in all the examples, rollback was either absent or very small, no occurrence of organic resin coating material peeling was confirmed, and the exposure of metal on the inner surface of the can was 0.00 mA, that is, below the detection level in measurements with an enumerator.
By contrast, Comparative Example 1 is an example in which the first ironing die is a single die (equivalent to the embodiment shown in
Comparative Example 2 is an example relating to the case where the first ironing die is a single die, but the sheet thickness reduction ratio with the final ironing die (77%) is above the range set forth by the present invention. In the evaluation results, the can body breakage occurrence ratio was found to be 100%.
Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 are examples relating to the cases where the first ironing die is a single die and the sheet thickness reduction ratio is further reduced below that of Comparative Example 1 to 17% and 13%, respectively. The occurrence of rollback was observed in both example, and the can body breakage occurrence ratio of 30% was confirmed in Comparative Example 4.
Comparative Example 5 to Comparative Example 8 are examples relating to the cases where no organic resin coating was preformed. In Comparative Example 5, the first ironing die was a single ironing die and the sheet thickness reduction ratio (27%) was below the range (35 to 55%) specified by the present invention. The evaluation results demonstrated a can body breakage occurrence ratio of 30% and the occurrence of rollback was observed. In Comparative Example 6, the first ironing die was a single die, and the conditions were within the scope of the present invention, except that no organic resin coating was performed. The evaluation results demonstrated a breakage occurrence ratio of 820 ppm. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 7, the first ironing die was a composite ironing die, and the conditions were within the scope of the present invention, except that no organic resin coating was performed. The evaluation results demonstrated a can body breakage occurrence ratio of 710 ppm. In Comparative Example 8, three presently employed single ironing dies were used, and the conditions were within the scope of the present invention, except that no organic resin coating was performed. In this case the punch stroke length has to be longer than in the embodiment of the present application. The evaluation results demonstrated a can body breakage occurrence ratio of 5 ppm.
In Comparative Example 9 and all subsequent comparative examples, the first ironing dies were composite ironing dies. In Comparative Example 9, the organic resin coating film was from an epoxy phenol paint (abbreviated hereinbelow as E/P paint) (coating thickness on the inner/outer surface was 20/20 μm). The evaluation results in this case demonstrated a can body breakage occurrence ratio of 2.5% and the occurrence of rollback was also observed. The surface area from which the E/P paint was peeled was large, and the largest metal exposure on the inner surface of the can (132 mA) was observed.
In Comparative Example 10, the sheet thickness reduction ratio (60%) in the ironing die 14b on the trailing side of the composite ironing die was above the range (35 to 55%) specified by the present invention. The evaluation results demonstrated a can body breakage occurrence ratio of 0.2% and metal exposure on the inner surface of the can of 1.2 mA. In Comparative Example 11, the sheet thickness reduction ratio in the last ironing die (second ironing die) was above (77%) the range specified by the present invention. The evaluation results demonstrated a can body breakage occurrence ratio of 100%, and the occurrence of rollback was also observed.
In Comparative Example 12, the sheet thickness reduction ratio (27%) in the trailing side ironing die 14b of the composite ironing die was below the range (35 to 55%) specified by the present invention. The evaluation results demonstrated a can body breakage occurrence ratio of 10%, and the occurrence of rollback was also observed. Furthermore, a 2.4 mA metal exposure on the inner surface of the can was observed.
In Embodiment 10, the tensile modulus of elasticity of the organic resin coating film (12.0 GPa) was above the preferred range (1.45 GPa to 11.8 GPa) specified by the present invention. In this case, the can body breakage occurrence ratio was 200 ppm and no rollback has occurred.
In Embodiment 11, the adhesive strength of the resin on the inner surface of the organic resin coating film (180 g/15 mm width) was below the preferred range (200 g/15 mm width) specified by the present invention. In this case, part of the organic resin material peeled off and a 5 mA metal exposure was observed on the inner surface of the can.
In Embodiment 12 and Embodiment 13, the organic resin coating films were from different resins: polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively, and the tensile modules of elasticity (0.52 GPa and 0.75 GPa, respectively) were below the preferred range (1.45 GPa to 11.8 GPa) specified by the present invention. In this case, the can body breakage occurrence ratio was 150 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, in both examples, light rollback was observed and the metal exposure on the inner surface of the can was 2.5 mA and 4.4 mA, respectively.
Furthermore, in Embodiments 14 to 16, the thickness of the organic resin coating film on the inner/outer surfaces was 3/16, 16/2, and 55/55 μm, respectively, and was outside the preferred range (5 to 50 μm /3 to 50 μm) specified by the present invention. In this case, in Embodiment 14 and Embodiment 15, the can body breakage occurrence ratio was 10 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively, and the metal exposure on the inner surface of the can was 5.5 mA and 3.0 mA, respectively. In Embodiment 16, the can body breakage occurrence ratio was 30 ppm and a light rollback and a 0.6 mA metal exposure on the inner surface of the can were observed.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the explanation was conducted with respect to cans manufactured by drawing and ironing an aluminum sheet covered with a resin, but the same effect can be also expected in the case of cans from other metals, for example, steel cans.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-419338 | Dec 2003 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP04/18126 | 12/6/2004 | WO | 6/15/2006 |
