METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING CODEBOOK FOR QUANTIZED PRECODER BY USING STEEPEST DESCENT ALGORITHM

Abstract

In a method for optimizing a codebook including a quantized channel between a base station transmitter and a portable terminal: a) select the codebook to be optimized; b) a steepest descent algorithm is applied to respective codewords of the codebook selected in a), wherein the codewords are transformed so that a correlation between the codewords is minimized, and a function indicating the correlation between the codewords is differentiated and is multiplied by a predetermined step size and is used for a parameter for generating a new codeword in the steepest descent algorithm; c) it is determined whether the codebook including the codewords transformed in b) is optimized; and d) the codebook is stored when it is determined in c) that the codebook is optimized.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a diagram representing chordal distance distributions according to the conventional 3-bit vector codebook when the number of transmit antennas is 4 and the number of streams is 1.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram representing chordal distance distributions according to the conventional 6-bit vector codebook when the number of transmit antennas is 3 and the number of streams is 1.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram representing chordal distance distributions according to the conventional 6-bit matrix codebook when the number of transmit antennas is 4 and the number of streams is 2.

FIG. 4 shows a diagram representing a process for providing a feedback of channel information by using an optimized codebook and transmitting data by using the feedback information.

FIG. 5 shows a diagram representing the device for optimizing the codebook according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart representing the method for optimizing the codebook according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a diagram representing a variation of the maximum correlation between the codebooks according to the steepest descent algorithm.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram representing a variation of the maximum correlation according to the codebook parameter quantization.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram comparing a distribution of the chordal distances between the codewords of the 3-bit vector optimized codebook to the conventional codebook when the number of transmit antennas is 4 and the number of streams is 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In the following detailed description, only certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, simply by way of illustration. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification.

Throughout this specification and the claims that follow, unless explicitly described to the contrary, the word “comprise” and variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of stated elements but not the exclusion of any other elements.

In addition, the word “module” will be understood to indicate a unit for processing a predetermined function or operation, which may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

FIG. 4 shows a diagram representing a process for providing a feedback of channel information by using an optimized codebook and transmitting data by using the feedback information.

A system for transmitting the data by using the optimized codebook according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a mobile communication terminal 410 and a base station transmitter 430.

The mobile communication terminal 410 wirelessly accesses the base station transmitter 430 to transmit and receive the data.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, transmitting and receiving terminals of a quantization precoder formed by the base station transmitter 430 and the mobile communication terminal 410 store a codebook optimized by a steepest descent algorithm. In addition, the mobile communication terminal 410 detects an index of the codeword, from the optimized codebook, that includes instantaneous channel information required for downlink transmission between the base station transmitter 430 and the mobile communication terminal 410, and transmits the index to the base station transmitter 430.

A method for generating the optimized codebook by using the steepest descent algorithm will be described later in the specification.

The base station transmitter 430 wirelessly transmits and receives the data to and from the mobile communication terminal 410.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting and receiving terminals of the base station transmitter 430 and the transmitting and receiving terminals of the mobile communication terminal 410 store the same codebook, and the base station transmitter 430 requests the channel information from the mobile communication terminal 410 to precode and transmit the data to the mobile communication terminal 410. In this case, the base station transmitter 430 receives an index of the codeword including the channel information from the mobile communication terminal 410, detects a codeword corresponding to the received index, precodes the transmit symbol with the codeword.

A device for optimizing the codebook according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described.

FIG. 5 shows a diagram representing the device for optimizing the codebook according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, a codebook optimizing device 500 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a codebook supply module 510, an algorithm module 520, a quantization module 530, an optimization determining module 540, an optimized codebook storage module 550, and a control module 560.

The codebook supply module 510 stores the conventional codebook or generates a matrix having a unitary characteristic to generate a codebook. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is described that the codebook supply module 510 is included in the codebook optimizing device 500, but it is not limited thereto, and the codebook supply module 510 may be provided outside the codebook optimizing device 500.

The algorithm module 520 stores the steepest descent algorithm for optimizing the codebook. The steepest descent algorithm uses a surrogate function instead of maximum correlation between the codewords of the codebook so that differentiation of maximum correlation is possible. Since surrogate function make differentiation possible, optimizing the codebook is possible by process of minimizing the maximum correlation between the codewords using steepest descent method.

The quantization module 530 quantizes the codeword generated by the algorithm module 520 and stores the codewords in the codebook. Since the quantization module 530 quantizes the codewords, the codebook is again optimized.

Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the quantization module 530 is provided, but it is not limited thereto, and the codebook may be optimized without the quantization module 530.

The optimization determining module 540 determines whether the codebook generated by the algorithm module 520 and the quantization module 530 is optimized. A method for determining whether the codebook is optimized will be described later when the method for optimizing the codebook is described.

The optimized codebook storage module 550 is a database for storing the codebook that is determined to be optimized by the optimization determining module 540. Here, the optimized codebook storage module 550 is provided in the codebook optimizing device 500 in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but it is not limited thereto, and it may be formed as a database that is additionally provided outside the codebook optimizing device 500.

The control module 560 is connected to each module and controls each module.

Operations of the respective modules of the codebook optimizing device 500 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart representing the method for optimizing the codebook according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, the codebook supply module 510 selects a codebook to be optimized in step S610. Here, the codebook is the conventional codebook or a predetermined matrix having a unitary characteristic, and the codeword set of the selected codebook is given as Equation 1.

{Φ₁,Φ₂, . . . ,Φ_L}=V(N_t,N_s,L)   [Equation 1]

Here, V(N_t,N_s,L) denotes a codebook having N_t transmitting antennas, N_s streams, and L codeword indexes, and Φ₁,Φ₂, . . . ,Φ_L denotes codewords in the codebook V(N_t,N_s,L).

Subsequently, the algorithm module 520 applies the steepest descent algorithm to the codeword of the codebook selected by the codebook supply module 510 to optimize the codebook in step S620. In this case, to optimize the codebook, the codeword is transformed such that the correlation between the codewords is minimized, and the correlation between the codewords is minimized by using the surrogate function that is transformed to be differentiated in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

A reason why the surrogate function is used to minimize the correlation between the codewords will now be described.

As described above, the codebook is optimized such that a maximum correlation between the codewords may be reduced, and the maximum correlation between the codewords is given as Equation 2.

$\begin{array}{cc}{\sigma }^{*}\left(V\left(N_t,N_s,L\right)\right)=\underset{1\le i<j\le L}{\max }\sqrt{〈{\Phi }_i^{*}{\Phi }_j,{\Phi }_i^{*}{\Phi }_j〉}& \left[\mathrm{Equation}2\right]\end{array}$

σ*(V(N_t,N_s.L)) denotes a correlation of the codebook V(N_t,N_s,L), and Φ_i and Φ_j respectively denote ith and jth codewords.

However, the codebook may not always be differentiated in Equation 2. In addition, since the correlation between the codewords does not have one minimum value for the codebook but has extremal values that are far from the minimum value, it is required to use the surrogate function to obtain one minimum value when the correlation between the codewords is obtained. To obtain the one minimum value, the surrogate function is required to satisfy at least three following conditions, and for convenience of description, the surrogate function is denoted by ƒ_α.

1) ƒ_α is required to be differentiated for all α_s (here, α denotes a natural number).

2) ƒ_α is required to include only a few extremal values for small α_s.

3) ƒ_α is required to well represent the maximum correlation between the codewords.

The surrogate function that satisfies the above conditions is given as Equation 3 in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

$\begin{array}{cc}{f}_{\alpha }\left(V\right)=\frac{1}{\alpha }\log \left(\sum _{1\le i<j\le L}\exp \left(\alpha 〈{\Phi }_i^{*}{\Phi }_j,{\Phi }_i^{*}{\Phi }_j〉\right)\right)& \left[\mathrm{Equation}3\right]\end{array}$

Since log and exp functions are used in the surrogate function of Equation 3 rather than using a max function in Equation 2, the surrogate function may be differentiated for all the α_s, and a maximum value may be copied by using an exponential characteristic of the exp function in which an output value is rapidly increased as an input value is increased.

That is, when α is big, ƒ_α is not affected by the correlation between the codewords having a relatively low value, and is mainly affected by the maximum correlation. In addition, when α is small, ƒ_α is affected by the correlations between the codewords regardless of a size of the correlation. Accordingly, since the correlations between the codewords in addition to the maximum correlation are reduced when the surrogate function is used, a probability of remaining at the extremal value rather than remaining at the minimum value in a codebook optimization process may be reduced.

There are three steps for optimizing the codebook by using the surrogate function in the algorithm module 520, which will now be described.

(1) Find a codebook V_α0 that minimizes ƒ_α0 for an initial value α₀. In this case, V_α0 is given as Equation 4.

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{{\alpha }_0}=\arg \underset{V}{\min }f_{{\alpha }_0}\left(V\right)& \left[\mathrm{Equation}4\right]\end{array}$

(2) Slightly increase α_k (>α_k-1) and find a codebook V_αk that minimizes ƒ_αk. In this case, V_αk is given as Equation 5.

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{{\alpha }_k}=\arg \underset{V}{\min }f_{{\alpha }_k}\left(V_{{\alpha }_{k-1}}\right)& \left[\mathrm{Equation}5\right]\end{array}$

(3) Continue above steps, increasing the value of α slightly and tracking the minimizer of ƒ_α, until ƒ_α is essentially equivalent to the maximum correlation between the codewords.

In the step (2), the codebook V_αk for minimizing ƒ_αk is detected by using the steepest descent algorithm that will now be described.

It is required to differentiate ƒ_αk(V_αk-1) for V_αk-1 to detect the codebook V_αk for minimizing ƒ_αk, but there is a limit in a differentiation operation since V_αk-1 is a combination of matrixes. Accordingly, one codeword is parameterized to differentiate ƒ_αk (V_αk-1) for respective parameters.

In this case, for convenience of operations, a unitary transforming matrix is parameterized so that the existing codeword is transformed to a new codeword given as Equation 6.

{tilde over (Φ)}_k=U_Nt×Nt(Θ_k)Φ_k   [Equation 6]

Here, {tilde over (Φ)}_k denotes a kth codeword transformed by the unitary matrix U_Nt×Nt and parameterized by Θ_k, U_Nt×Nt denotes a unitary matrix having N_t rows and N_t columns, Θ_k denotes a parameter for generating a kth new codeword, and Φ_k denotes a kth codeword to be transformed by the unitary matrix. In addition, U_Nt×Nt(Θ_k) denotes a codeword transformation matrix.

Here, the codeword transformation matrix U_Nt×Nt(Θ_k) is expressed as N_t² parameters by a unitary parameterization process given as Equation 7. In addition, the codeword transformation matrix U_Nt×Nt(Θ_k) is a unit matrix and the codeword is not transformed when all the parameters are “0”.

$\begin{array}{cc}\begin{array}{c}{U}_{N_t\times N_t}\left(\Theta \right)=\mathrm{diag}\left({\delta }_1,\cdots ,{\delta }_{N_t}\right)\\ \times \left\{U^{N_t-1,N_t}\left({\phi }_{N_t-1,N_t},{\sigma }_{N_t-1,N_t}\right)\right\}\\ \times \{U^{N_t-2,N_t-1}\left({\phi }_{N_t-2,N_t-1},{\sigma }_{N_t-2,N_t-1}\right)U^{N_t-1,N_t}\\ \left({\phi }_{N_t-2,N_t},{\sigma }_{N_t-2,N_t}\right)\}\\ \times \cdots \\ \times \left\{U^{12}\left({\phi }_{12},{\sigma }_{12}\right)\cdots U^{1N_t}\left({\phi }_{1N_t},{\sigma }_{1N_t}\right)\right\}\end{array}& \left[\mathrm{Equation}7\right]\end{array}$

A basic unitary matrix U^p,q(φ_p,q,σ_p,q) in Equation 7 may be defined as Equation 8, and the basic unitary matrix U^p,q(φ_p,q,σ_p,q) can be used to change the ith and jth entries of a column vector of a matrix by multiplying the basic unitary matrix.

$\begin{array}{cc}{\left\{U^{p,q}\left({\phi }_{p,q},{\sigma }_{p,q}\right)\right\}}_{j,k}=\{\begin{array}{cc}1& \mathrm{if}\left(j,k\right)=\left(l,l\right)\mathrm{where}l\ne p,l\ne q\\ \cos \left({\phi }_{p,q}\right)& \mathrm{if}\left(j,k\right)=\left(p,p\right)\mathrm{or}\left(q,q\right)\\ -\sin \left({\phi }_{p,q}\right)\exp \left(-i{\sigma }_{p,q}\right)& \mathrm{if}\left(j,k\right)=\left(p,q\right)\\ \sin \left({\phi }_{p,q}\right)\exp \left(i{\sigma }_{p,q}\right)& \mathrm{if}\left(j,k\right)=\left(q,p\right)\\ 0& \mathrm{otherwise}\end{array}& \left[\mathrm{Equation}8\right]\end{array}$

The codeword of the codebook is parameterized in the above process, and the parameter thereof is differentiated as shown in Equation 9, and is multiplied by a parameter −c of a predetermined size. In the case, the parameter −c is used to control a convergent speed.

$\begin{array}{cc}\begin{array}{c}{\Theta }_k=-c{\nabla }_kf_{\alpha }\left(V\right)\\ =-c\frac{\partial }{\partial {\Theta }_k}\frac{1}{\alpha }\log \\ \left(\begin{array}{c}\sum _{1\le k<j\le L}\exp (\alpha 〈{\Phi }_k^{*}U_{N_t\times N_t}^{*}\left({\Theta }_k\right){\Phi }_j,\\ {\Phi }_k^{*}U_{N_t\times N_t}^{*}\left({\Theta }_k\right){\Phi }_j〉)+\\ \sum _{1\le i<j\le L,i\ne k}\exp \left(\alpha 〈{\Phi }_i^{*}{\Phi }_j,{\Phi }_i^{*}{\Phi }_j〉\right)\end{array}\right){}_{{\Theta }_k=0}\end{array}& \left[\mathrm{Equation}9\right]\end{array}$

Subsequently, a resulting value Θ_k of Equation 9 is used as a parameter for generating the new codeword, which is referred to as the steepest descent algorithm.

FIG. 7 shows a diagram representing a variation of the maximum correlation between the codewords according to the steepest descent algorithm.

Referring to FIG. 7, the codebook is optimized by the steepest descent algorithm. In this case, the codebooks are optimized to have the same minimum values when any unitary codebook is randomly generated and the steepest descent algorithm is applied.

In the above-mentioned process, the codebook is optimized by the algorithm module 520.

Subsequently, the quantization module 530 quantizes codewords of the codebook generated by the algorithm module 520 in step S630. Generally, elements of the respective codewords are quantized to store the codebook in a limited memory. In this case, however, when the size of the codeword is increased or the number of codewords is increased, a required memory space is increased since data to be stored are increased. Accordingly, a quantization error is problematically generated to physically store the data in the limited memory. In addition, since the generated quantization error deteriorates unitary characteristics of the codeword, it is required to use a method for quantizing the parameter for generating the respective codewords rather than quantizing the element of the respective codewords.

Here, when the parameter generating the codeword is quantized and the codeword is generated by a unitary matrix generator shown in Equation 10, which the unitary characteristics are not broken.

$\begin{array}{cc}\begin{array}{c}{V\left(N_t,N_s,L\right)}_l=U\left({\Theta }_l\right),\\ \mathrm{where}U\left(\Theta \right)=U^{1,N_t^{*}}\left({\phi }_{1,N_t},{\sigma }_{1,N_t}\right)\cdots U^{1,3*}\left({\phi }_{1,3},{\sigma }_{1,3}\right)\\ U^{1,2*}\left({\phi }_{1,2},{\sigma }_{1,2}\right)\\ \times U^{2,N_t^{*}}\left({\phi }_{2,N_t},{\sigma }_{2,N_t}\right)\cdots U^{2,3*}\left({\phi }_{2,3},{\sigma }_{2,3}\right)\\ \times \cdots \\ \times U^{N_s,N_t^{*}}\left({\phi }_{N_s,N_t},{\sigma }_{N_s,N_t}\right)\\ \times U^0\left({\delta }_1,\cdots {\delta }_{N_s}\right)\end{array}-\frac{\pi }{2}\le \phi \le \frac{\pi }{2},-\pi \le \sigma \le \pi ,-\pi \le \delta \le \pi & \left[\mathrm{Equation}10\right]\end{array}$

Here, parameters in Equation 10 are obtained by a process of parameterizing the unitary matrix (referring to Equation 7).

In Table 1 to Table 8, respective parameters generating codeword according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention are quantized in 8-bit to express 256 indexes, and the indexes are sequenced in an order from a lowest value.

Here, Table 1 shows quantized parameter indexes required to generate the optimized codebook V (4, 1, 3), Table 2 shows quantized parameter indexes required to generate the optimized codebook V (4, 3, 3), Table 3 shows quantized parameter indexes required to generate the optimized codebook V (3, 1, 6), Table 4 shows quantized parameter indexes required to optimize the codebook V (4, 1, 6), Table 5 shows quantized parameter indexes required to generate the optimized codebook V (3, 2, 6), Table 6 shows quantized parameter indexes required to generate the optimized codebook V (4, 2, 6), and Table 7 shows quantized parameter indexes required to generate the optimized codebook V (4, 3, 6).

	TABLE 1
	δ1	φ12	φ13	φ14	σ12	σ13	σ14
1	120	129	128	130	135	128	145
2	79	182	54	73	177	144	84
3	129	193	163	51	118	153	179
4	128	103	43	182	113	67	123
5	126	187	125	214	72	162	173
6	127	72	75	57	153	150	172
7	128	108	174	40	100	130	109
8	130	99	185	212	69	86	112

	TABLE 2
	δ1	δ2	δ3	φ12	φ13	φ14	φ23	φ24	φ34	σ12	σ13	σ14	σ23	σ24	σ34
1	128	1	256	1	116	105	244	127	233	131	131	131	127	130	128
2	21	173	239	154	195	184	119	44	191	138	116	155	91	72	107
3	8	223	100	141	101	183	229	132	54	123	152	182	163	147	156
4	141	47	74	45	201	100	185	135	30	115	69	121	82	132	182
5	59	27	136	154	133	63	252	144	58	69	185	171	101	144	127
6	103	6	230	98	173	182	212	133	204	152	149	172	124	230	151
7	151	99	152	37	88	199	43	132	74	105	134	110	155	146	107
8	184	111	232	51	77	66	48	127	192	72	89	113	145	138	152

	TABLE 3
	δ1	φ12	φ13	σ12	σ13
	1	85	162	217	127	174
	2	241	72	187	117	26
	3	1	169	232	211	199
	4	196	151	108	157	183
	5	215	85	59	129	65
	6	168	109	81	166	171
	7	230	113	199	69	157
	8	117	120	35	88	138
	9	186	116	161	145	108
	10	86	178	46	188	105
	11	138	159	193	78	93
	12	6	150	86	208	128
	13	207	82	234	158	56
	14	201	84	118	139	118
	15	246	177	231	184	125
	16	246	201	206	60	165
	17	110	210	46	143	141
	18	133	111	154	82	181
	19	189	198	204	79	122
	20	90	187	184	180	76
	21	156	179	93	93	184
	22	4	51	226	148	234
	23	176	105	204	115	68
	24	218	120	58	77	85
	25	59	101	202	92	112
	26	168	164	93	142	89
	27	41	68	182	149	91
	28	113	221	184	181	130
	29	3	60	171	175	219
	30	44	182	185	167	173
	31	229	166	41	66	111
	32	52	98	201	183	133
	33	160	175	57	187	155
	34	216	203	64	132	69
	35	118	38	37	89	161
	36	197	197	142	137	76
	37	70	89	62	144	122
	38	118	54	232	132	163
	39	182	78	147	189	130
	40	74	98	227	165	172
	41	195	198	47	113	167
	42	18	168	166	113	144
	43	142	82	157	95	69
	44	160	42	21	82	94
	45	127	38	139	125	167
	46	194	165	177	162	119
	47	12	151	159	67	240
	48	145	136	237	116	110
	49	30	168	43	122	99
	50	131	63	211	107	96
	51	215	194	108	184	120
	52	31	234	114	85	183
	53	172	70	81	94	86
	54	27	155	196	137	70
	55	102	155	180	73	183
	56	247	166	234	162	49
	57	71	190	91	97	98
	58	211	81	250	139	90
	59	46	193	209	122	107
	60	143	59	75	172	173
	61	213	72	173	89	143
	62	100	168	36	72	168
	63	186	80	177	142	149
	64	67	161	70	126	146

	TABLE 4
	δ1	φ12	φ13	φ14	σ12	σ13	σ14
1	102	94	179	162	75	145	185
2	232	84	49	194	71	97	28
3	155	42	116	62	67	89	78
4	212	103	172	157	115	72	181
5	238	74	190	176	85	45	38
6	246	205	197	195	151	138	17
7	92	143	184	68	177	154	148
8	215	67	108	200	119	88	67
9	65	182	53	197	137	136	178
10	239	156	164	214	152	74	148
11	242	131	169	182	55	66	17
12	207	77	112	157	81	105	110
13	180	101	150	200	131	135	146
14	195	92	232	28	122	70	64
15	26	177	177	53	98	124	169
16	203	150	97	208	174	73	190
17	211	156	201	191	96	103	184
18	45	172	118	41	154	132	134
19	15	172	92	219	190	123	148
20	230	179	196	214	77	155	176
21	31	138	189	13	185	71	190
22	223	81	132	51	146	54	107
23	236	184	140	219	102	70	168
24	22	91	169	192	181	181	111
25	9	193	193	211	221	97	160
26	53	162	83	207	70	119	192
27	77	92	72	78	164	122	167
28	37	65	186	207	114	203	169
29	1	115	195	155	166	122	86
30	71	150	48	161	141	172	89
31	83	149	59	167	175	67	124
32	52	149	142	81	89	137	87
33	31	179	206	235	115	105	115
34	125	201	77	170	147	98	65
35	30	160	144	81	216	215	126
36	73	99	162	184	178	69	100
37	251	223	74	189	55	74	169
38	69	138	172	37	170	72	87
39	97	182	81	117	85	178	86
40	126	102	161	228	78	178	89
41	62	75	180	65	126	125	145
42	82	188	216	12	181	116	89
43	117	101	89	213	65	150	83
44	87	84	110	137	148	71	173
45	129	152	224	32	110	78	131
46	227	177	182	91	69	171	141
47	112	100	65	85	110	137	84
48	105	178	167	155	119	151	145
49	1	119	182	222	163	181	236
50	48	82	193	246	192	127	79
51	146	142	103	166	122	127	148
52	245	151	132	233	24	19	44
53	115	53	60	120	156	190	146
54	161	177	157	109	157	73	97
55	184	198	114	201	89	119	84
56	140	91	69	194	150	143	137
57	162	74	190	189	76	114	64
58	220	182	91	48	100	138	151
59	198	146	67	209	86	98	84
60	154	140	117	89	115	76	187
61	85	93	222	165	159	187	185
62	141	73	162	26	179	102	76
63	209	152	72	94	125	103	113
64	194	169	159	191	157	109	100

	TABLE 5
	δ1	δ2	φ12	φ13	φ23	σ12	σ13	σ23
1	99	158	143	158	106	156	160	70
2	196	120	155	197	98	63	61	123
3	147	123	138	82	67	79	98	154
4	129	118	129	178	185	100	131	182
5	111	136	154	141	68	144	119	134
6	130	147	150	94	35	138	128	135
7	132	168	135	118	228	127	177	170
8	161	125	156	147	204	98	78	125
9	28	101	38	243	195	106	69	88
10	126	221	180	179	215	114	161	62
11	98	114	209	14	6	175	147	148
12	236	64	175	237	83	28	152	72
13	5	165	71	236	15	150	154	185
14	131	219	144	96	60	111	88	85
15	110	170	50	206	186	64	148	146
16	138	51	191	77	66	125	90	109
17	88	185	219	225	149	177	147	123
18	160	115	147	155	61	71	131	103
19	119	121	136	224	46	97	161	85
20	136	127	125	185	146	64	165	96
21	124	121	139	223	188	80	163	166
22	126	165	140	199	224	69	146	100
23	143	94	154	224	181	77	151	106
24	132	111	149	214	31	124	150	151
25	148	123	76	63	13	152	79	169
26	128	219	184	40	209	83	87	169
27	132	152	84	49	84	158	79	119
28	109	36	187	102	182	70	106	150
29	108	114	175	54	80	68	107	180
30	152	134	205	209	46	95	190	179
31	98	69	190	72	147	79	139	155
32	108	248	215	53	180	127	113	133
33	134	54	73	194	40	152	119	177
34	148	16	63	179	83	127	80	159
35	215	213	52	111	108	71	135	169
36	118	182	60	76	244	154	173	140
37	122	203	59	168	205	153	107	152
38	130	209	69	165	165	143	100	191
39	130	141	46	180	59	139	78	68
40	110	74	54	175	88	178	117	97
41	119	179	55	65	251	111	96	65
42	106	140	98	44	142	158	111	166
43	143	52	57	72	207	64	72	198
44	143	159	70	59	189	77	66	80
45	157	89	85	26	241	96	67	135
46	121	37	83	73	99	86	92	113
47	120	227	72	83	179	92	85	34
48	122	156	82	61	103	105	90	191
49	112	132	70	36	136	161	175	75
50	87	139	103	230	54	162	76	144
51	83	140	110	23	40	89	190	84
52	146	124	101	61	92	117	150	161
53	143	139	115	39	177	66	126	120
54	116	170	109	41	219	107	165	112
55	112	156	146	59	192	71	182	82
56	92	115	133	218	79	143	65	175
57	136	141	178	192	25	164	76	157
58	116	206	79	176	64	89	75	71
59	140	140	194	204	62	191	100	147
60	125	11	190	153	210	191	103	178
61	112	107	63	186	208	99	137	87
62	136	124	68	203	109	65	97	168
63	131	55	188	198	164	190	101	123
64	96	235	175	158	75	187	119	85

	TABLE 6
	δ1	δ2	φ12	φ13	φ14	φ23	φ24	σ12	σ13	σ14	σ23	σ24
1	89	189	142	152	208	154	207	110	154	166	122	67
2	141	242	99	220	175	71	47	175	92	148	120	136
3	159	169	85	105	188	178	79	150	119	162	107	156
4	127	98	98	166	200	191	157	157	118	150	72	119
5	135	87	163	205	43	199	78	94	137	130	92	110
6	113	83	116	92	84	184	50	108	133	127	69	152
7	128	57	136	105	247	90	41	188	109	106	149	168
8	134	158	167	72	194	172	45	129	117	126	143	184
9	113	53	173	50	88	227	223	105	109	88	109	105
10	118	7	181	138	118	177	213	153	163	126	181	129
11	112	160	70	72	221	106	231	162	177	115	151	94
12	52	99	168	195	48	166	91	97	92	167	137	187
13	158	115	170	164	57	166	193	69	180	131	87	172
14	70	52	194	216	199	123	55	181	76	78	109	112
15	209	74	71	194	51	217	161	131	137	147	72	101
16	31	160	170	210	152	149	164	149	110	135	88	103
17	178	88	153	81	68	113	16	93	188	89	190	149
18	126	40	148	90	60	59	159	146	119	173	94	99
19	208	155	177	146	132	114	80	68	74	99	166	111
20	152	39	175	143	217	177	172	94	124	77	123	207
21	74	62	192	187	236	194	200	158	166	119	93	150
22	71	48	192	89	198	52	20	177	72	108	181	116
23	48	156	167	74	205	94	155	175	82	103	123	94
24	69	76	47	143	223	95	182	89	80	190	80	142
25	172	100	170	202	150	169	113	151	176	78	67	124
26	132	161	102	105	115	68	197	181	82	93	144	162
27	179	91	80	213	191	194	155	118	173	128	104	169
28	201	134	55	46	55	76	41	158	85	116	98	99
29	189	125	100	147	160	207	237	79	176	83	115	134
30	116	64	66	176	135	44	212	92	188	98	67	75
31	147	142	151	176	200	156	92	130	186	156	185	146
32	120	119	88	15	138	199	76	175	113	125	92	174
33	151	187	71	179	194	164	213	185	172	141	67	143
34	152	8	156	71	195	37	179	75	85	167	133	103
35	223	158	73	81	238	170	243	146	70	83	172	140
36	82	139	135	138	251	76	97	115	108	183	175	137
37	165	170	82	142	189	70	159	145	156	147	127	188
38	86	107	164	147	61	68	94	120	73	88	114	117
39	163	161	69	113	187	167	162	169	109	135	157	132
40	180	213	99	100	199	186	224	160	159	181	95	120
41	65	112	165	170	209	155	201	66	73	104	143	165
42	56	80	24	206	203	65	54	176	116	153	68	108
43	145	136	77	170	91	138	167	141	80	171	89	113
44	54	103	185	169	213	189	57	65	74	113	106	184
45	157	243	66	95	187	107	32	123	87	145	98	105
46	129	206	171	97	40	136	74	187	136	137	85	125
47	69	22	166	163	220	201	51	76	85	84	233	167
48	159	116	72	50	67	71	196	93	124	138	77	122
49	112	148	87	176	79	109	171	129	174	78	98	112
50	122	150	99	189	30	153	230	119	143	98	181	77
51	195	155	99	105	233	172	76	76	182	179	131	76
52	180	141	161	197	147	207	57	68	99	114	107	77
53	143	92	160	181	48	146	77	182	112	101	103	158
54	40	125	90	59	53	70	66	160	99	182	165	84
55	129	83	168	190	56	180	62	184	149	85	122	84
56	89	68	101	202	101	78	240	144	161	70	106	181
57	126	115	72	156	198	91	86	72	72	139	127	164
58	155	168	163	72	223	160	15	119	176	104	109	134
59	237	37	155	49	96	103	29	59	136	138	114	101
60	114	156	157	177	185	49	52	183	94	183	167	92
61	136	113	90	211	220	94	91	70	92	165	82	92
62	111	105	162	153	218	100	209	184	82	121	141	130
63	143	148	158	181	234	200	156	185	103	110	182	74
64	89	164	93	71	226	179	213	140	184	146	160	67

	TABLE 7
	δ1	δ2	δ3	φ12	φ13	φ14	φ23	φ24	φ34	σ12	σ13	σ14	σ23	σ24	σ34
1	229	254	213	71	175	233	54	148	88	79	159	66	80	95	92
2	66	230	175	79	151	16	185	41	73	183	161	69	152	76	173
3	153	140	145	39	134	86	55	159	84	129	70	126	130	78	99
4	48	19	174	164	176	32	191	108	188	105	98	188	149	139	124
5	50	248	190	209	190	140	217	106	48	95	80	81	140	133	75
6	128	242	18	65	118	158	231	183	197	108	179	118	147	135	114
7	114	168	122	150	146	14	91	93	148	92	65	166	101	118	71
8	254	235	177	193	174	161	117	146	50	108	90	169	83	127	102
9	90	0	241	54	86	217	201	207	192	145	162	65	134	109	180
10	9	113	155	179	170	219	173	56	63	122	115	209	70	102	107
11	215	57	125	202	139	206	196	36	57	171	177	129	84	87	89
12	115	202	168	59	175	146	238	85	50	155	141	139	177	98	103
13	40	35	26	213	185	153	236	185	170	86	83	162	97	73	75
14	129	246	7	36	56	28	151	226	166	116	120	122	111	99	206
15	194	17	134	43	189	35	206	169	78	95	163	164	88	188	125
16	94	158	53	34	195	140	35	187	76	167	147	171	99	191	174
17	209	200	234	217	79	161	208	73	186	175	158	98	178	68	176
18	85	211	130	70	81	162	225	145	20	191	163	67	161	113	120
19	44	144	191	51	168	78	47	33	5	191	167	145	121	132	89
20	184	252	226	66	201	212	207	25	147	105	166	168	141	68	158
21	6	118	202	222	82	221	56	181	73	127	182	82	115	91	71
22	61	211	136	177	156	154	229	31	75	79	99	160	170	145	117
23	144	75	122	90	146	113	67	178	105	104	110	92	177	181	153
24	223	144	53	221	134	116	11	82	50	167	103	98	98	120	163
25	26	26	64	195	114	168	241	175	18	98	107	218	99	117	192
26	103	24	150	49	58	158	207	179	81	133	166	157	79	165	95
27	133	99	174	47	176	177	68	183	69	121	88	87	171	126	82
28	249	140	237	168	149	131	39	67	151	158	10	91	121	185	87
29	137	166	149	31	167	60	58	25	55	106	136	112	92	189	152
30	37	119	255	201	203	186	58	115	171	97	124	128	142	143	157
31	23	157	147	172	57	168	35	121	34	72	120	163	78	86	122
32	144	199	136	45	135	43	35	34	72	98	149	98	69	167	101
33	169	158	89	33	217	145	172	228	194	79	84	183	171	99	105
34	248	159	241	108	160	160	72	78	209	104	67	134	115	119	150
35	58	122	108	216	100	53	37	181	239	72	151	173	112	68	67
36	110	227	10	81	159	194	216	188	144	141	122	161	152	167	162
37	213	238	163	174	151	91	243	130	32	166	153	73	140	84	97
38	12	169	59	204	173	86	205	150	201	144	125	160	185	116	66
39	63	111	222	152	165	163	55	106	251	126	136	181	186	165	179
40	160	110	65	83	161	70	61	76	161	128	90	84	157	131	72
41	227	231	7	175	160	120	243	159	198	167	156	132	148	152	126
42	39	37	71	193	173	153	215	119	3	85	186	133	65	113	173
43	173	150	250	41	205	72	64	47	30	109	108	187	77	70	82
44	210	6	2	189	150	170	191	109	213	190	141	190	120	126	131
45	19	244	188	220	210	92	204	39	74	121	212	125	173	87	103
46	205	146	138	210	163	88	30	220	88	166	182	157	92	127	94
47	197	209	45	185	206	51	201	169	190	153	76	157	165	157	78
48	59	250	79	193	71	105	151	94	27	84	86	105	142	127	160
49	160	138	241	47	193	56	72	144	208	103	110	103	80	71	139
50	148	224	53	112	192	172	165	151	28	84	151	104	172	123	191
51	223	49	136	93	106	155	208	212	118	155	122	101	76	200	133
52	255	145	118	204	212	181	89	152	160	123	12	25	115	85	78
53	130	228	139	140	160	119	206	87	39	71	181	173	127	154	156
54	109	108	134	95	78	38	48	170	203	151	147	74	138	186	76
55	219	253	7	177	194	77	211	215	106	164	153	140	110	120	125
56	68	47	245	110	165	65	210	203	243	135	188	183	71	104	159
57	129	133	109	60	88	214	76	87	24	133	180	162	127	191	128
58	209	167	56	145	199	91	203	18	157	124	150	84	153	176	124
59	118	196	161	46	217	103	201	42	148	163	156	160	171	102	148
60	119	255	126	37	54	98	181	157	29	147	116	118	84	93	128
61	2	11	253	201	196	160	83	119	197	162	197	242	175	173	109
62	108	179	138	44	70	153	71	170	18	141	107	87	91	139	113
63	238	34	14	214	158	143	50	79	188	138	150	150	174	138	113
64	167	254	25	60	166	179	231	142	197	85	90	64	137	87	102

FIG. 8 shows a graph representing a variation of the maximum correlation according to the quantization of codebook generating parameter.

Referring to FIG. 8, the minimized maximum correlation is increased according to the bit of the quantized parameter. Compared to when the parameter is quantized in 8-bit, an effect caused by an error is reduced further when the parameter is quantized in 5-bit. In addition, compared to when the codebook is optimized and then quantized, a quantization error is reduced further when the quantization is performed from the optimization step.

In the above process, the quantization module 530 quantizes the parameters of codewords.

Subsequently, the optimization determining module 540 determines in step S640 whether the quantized codebook is optimized. There are two methods for determining whether the quantized codebook is optimized.

In a first method, another codebook is generated and optimized, and it is determined whether characteristics thereof are the same as the characteristics of the codebook optimized in the above process. When the characteristics of the codebooks are the same, it is determined that the codebook is optimized. In this case, when the codebook generated in the above process is optimized, as shown in FIG. 7, the codebook generated in the above process and the other optimized codebook have the same maximum correlations.

In a second method, when the number of codewords of the optimized codebook is small, it is determined whether chordal distances between codewords are the same. When the chordal distances are the same as shown in FIG. 9, it is determined that the codebook generated in the above process is optimized.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram comparing a distribution of the chordal distances between the codewords of the optimized 3-bit vector codebook to the conventional codebook when the number of transmitting antennas is 4 and the number of streams is 1. In FIG. 9, the chordal distances between the codewords are the same when the codebook is optimized.

Subsequently, it is determined whether the quantized codebook is optimized in step S640. When it is determined that the quantized codebook is optimized, the codebook is stored in the optimized codebook storage module 550 in step S650.

The optimized codebook stored in the optimized codebook storage module 550 is stored in the transmitting/receiving terminals of the quantization precoder in the base station and the mobile communication terminal of the mobile communication system, and the mobile communication terminal and the base station use the optimized codebook to perform the wireless communication.

The above-described methods and apparatuses are not only realized by the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but, on the contrary, are intended to be realized by a program for realizing functions corresponding to the configuration of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium for recording the program.

While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since the codebook is optimized by the steepest descent algorithm, the maximum correlation of the codebook is minimized, and bit error performance may be improved.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing a codebook comprising a quantized channel between a base station transmitter and a portable terminal, the method comprising: a) selecting the codebook to be optimized;b) applying a steepest descent algorithm to respective codewords of the codebook selected in a) and transforming the codewords to minimize correlation between the codewords, where the steepest descent algorithm is an algorithm in which a function indicating the correlation between the codewords is differentiated and is multiplied by a predetermined step size size and is used for a parameter for generating a new codeword;c) determining whether the codebook including the codewords transformed in b) is optimized; andd) storing the codebook when it is determined in c) that the codebook is optimized.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, between b) and c), quantizing the codeword transformed in b).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein a parameter for generating the transformed codeword is quantized and a unitary matrix generator is applied to generating transformed codeword and quantizes the transformed codeword.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, a surrogate function

5. The method of claim 4, wherein b) comprises: b-1) detecting the codebook Vα0 for minimizing the surrogate function ƒα0 for an initial value α0;b-2) slightly increasing αk (>αk-1) and find a codebook Vαk for that minimizes surrogate function ƒαk; andb-3) increasing α slightly and repeatedly performing the above steps until the surrogate function ƒα has the same value as a maximum correlation between the codewords.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, to detect the codebook Vαk for minimizing the surrogate function ƒαk in b-2), a unitary matrix for transforming the existing codeword to a new codeword is parameterized, and the codeword of the codebook Vαk-1 is parameterized by using the parameterized unitary matrix.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the parameterized codeword is given as {tilde over (Φ)}k=UNt×Nt(Θk)Φk, wherein {tilde over (Φ)}k denotes a kth codeword transformed by the unitary matrix UNt×Nt and parameterized by Θk, UNt×Nt denotes a unitary matrix of Nt rows and Nt columns, Θk denotes a parameter for generating a kth new codeword, Θk is a kth codeword to transformed by the unitary matrix, and UNt×Nt(Θk) denotes a codeword transformation matrix.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the unitary matrix is expressed as Nt2 parameters by a unitary parameterization process given as the equation

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the parameter Θk is generated by the equation given as

10. The method of claim 1, wherein a method for generating and optimizing another codebook and determining whether characteristics of the transformed codebook are the same as characteristics of the other codebook or a method determining whether chordal distances between the codewords of the transformed codebook are the same is used to determine in c) whether the transformed codebook is optimized.

11. A device for optimizing a codebook comprising a quantized channel between a base station transmitter and a portable terminal, the device comprising: an optimized codebook storage module for storing the codebook;an algorithm module for receiving the codebook and transforming a codeword by using a steepest descent algorithm so that maximum correlation between the codewords of the codebook is minimized, where the steepest descent algorithm is an algorithm in which a function indicating the correlation between the codewords is differentiated and is multiplied by a predetermined step size size and is used for a parameter for generating a new codeword;an optimization determining module connected to the algorithm module to determine whether the codebook which consist of transformed codeword is optimized; anda control module for controlling the optimized codebook storage module, the algorithm module and the optimization determining module, and storing the codebook including the transformed codeword in the optimized codebook storage module when it is determined by the optimization determining module that the codebook is optimized.

12. The device of claim 11, further comprising a quantization module for quantizing the codeword transformed by the algorithm module to store the codeword in the codebook.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein, to minimize the maximum correlation between the codewords of the codebook, the algorithm module substitutes the correlations between codewords of the codebook by a surrogate function that is transformed to be differentiated, and the surrogate function may be differentiated for all α that are natural numbers and include only a few extremal values for a small α.