Patent Application
20250212249
This disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.
Sidelink (SL) communication is a communication scheme in which a direct link is established between User Equipments (UEs) and the UEs exchange voice and data directly with each other without intervention of an evolved Node B (eNB). SL communication is under consideration as a solution to the overhead of an eNB caused by rapidly increasing data traffic. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to a communication technology through which a vehicle exchanges information with another vehicle, a pedestrian, an entity having an infrastructure (or infra) established therein, and so on. The V2X may be spread into 4 types, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). The V2X communication may be provided via a PC5 interface and/or Uu interface.
Meanwhile, as a wider range of communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for mobile broadband communication that is more enhanced than the existing Radio Access Technology (RAT) is rising. Accordingly, discussions are made on services and user equipment (UE) that are sensitive to reliability and latency. And, a next generation radio access technology that is based on the enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive Machine Type Communication (MTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and so on, may be referred to as a new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication may also be supported in NR.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing, by a first device, wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the method may comprise: triggering resource selection at a slot; determining a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection; selecting a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing; and performing channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval. For example, a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device for performing wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the first device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute instructions to: trigger resource selection at a slot; determine a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection; select a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing; and perform channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval, wherein a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a device adapted to control a first user equipment (UE) may be proposed. For example, the device may comprise: one or more processors; and one or more memories operably connectable to the one or more processors and storing instructions. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: trigger resource selection at a slot; determine a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection; select a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing; and perform channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval, wherein a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first UE from a physical (PHY) layer of the first UE.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be proposed. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: trigger resource selection at a slot; determine a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection; select a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing; and perform channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval, wherein a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing, by a second device, wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the method may comprise: receiving, from a first device, sidelink control information (SCI) including information related to a reselection resource, based on the reselection resource; and performing a sidelink (SL) reception based on the reselection resource. For example, the reselection resource may be reselected from a resource based on triggering of resource reselection, the resource reselection may be triggered based on a result of a channel sensing that is busy, from a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device, the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to the MAC layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device, the resource may be selected within a time interval based on sensing, and the time interval may be determined based on remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from a slot, based on triggering of resource selection triggered at the slot.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device for performing wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the second device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute instructions to: receive, from a first device, sidelink control information (SCI) including information related to a reselection resource, based on the reselection resource; and perform a sidelink (SL) reception based on the reselection resource, wherein the reselection resource may be reselected from a resource based on triggering of resource reselection, wherein the resource reselection may be triggered based on a result of a channel sensing that is busy, from a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device, wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to the MAC layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device, wherein the resource may be selected within a time interval based on sensing, and wherein the time interval may be determined based on remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from a slot, based on triggering of resource selection triggered at the slot.
The user equipment (UE) may efficiently perform SL communication.
In the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B.” In other words, in the present disclosure, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the present disclosure, “A. B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, C”.
A slash (/) or comma used in the present disclosure may mean “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B. C” may mean “A, B, or C”.
In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the present disclosure, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”.
In addition, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”.
In addition, a parenthesis used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information (PDCCH)”, it may mean that “PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the “control information”. In other words, the “control information” of the present disclosure is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of the “control information”. In addition, when indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)”, it may also mean that “PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the “control information”.
In the following description, ‘when, if, or in case of’ may be replaced with ‘based on’.
A technical feature described individually in one figure in the present disclosure may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneously implemented.
In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter which is configured, pre-configured or pre-defined for a UE. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the UE. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted through radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.
The technology described below may be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and so on. The CDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. The TDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet ratio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rate for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), and so on. IEEE 802.16m is an evolved version of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with a system based on the IEEE 802.16e. The UTRA is part of a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using the E-UTRA. The 3GPP LTE uses the OFDMA in a downlink and uses the SC-FDMA in an uplink. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of the LTE.
5G NR is a successive technology of LTE-A corresponding to a new Clean-slate type mobile communication system having the characteristics of high performance, low latency, high availability, and so on. 5G NR may use resources of all spectrum available for usage including low frequency bands of less than 1 GHz, middle frequency bands ranging from 1 GHz to 10 GHz., high frequency (millimeter waves) of 24 GHz or more, and so on.
For the sake of clarity, the description focuses on 5G NR, but the technical ideas of one embodiment of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
For terms and techniques used herein that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standards documents published prior to the filing of this specification.
Referring to
The embodiment of
Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be classified into a first layer (layer 1, L1), a second layer (layer 2, L2), and a third layer (layer 3, L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service by using a physical channel, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer serves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. For this, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.
Referring to
Between different physical layers, i.e., a physical layer of a transmitter and a physical layer of a receiver, data are transferred through the physical channel. The physical channel is modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and utilizes time and frequency as a radio resource.
The MAC layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is a higher layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAC layer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function of logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transfer services over logical channels.
The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Unit (RLC SDU). In order to ensure diverse quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operation modes, i.e., a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM). An AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request (ARQ).
A radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer serves to control the logical channel, the transport channel, and the physical channel in association with configuration, reconfiguration and release of RBs. The RB is a logical path provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or the PHY layer) and the second layer (i.e., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer) for data delivery between the UE and the network.
Functions of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer in the user plane include user data delivery, header compression, and ciphering. Functions of a PDCP layer in the control plane include control-plane data delivery and ciphering/integrity protection.
A service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in a user plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between a Quality of Service (QoS) flow and a data radio bearer (DRB) and QoS flow ID (QFI) marking in both DL and UL packets.
The configuration of the RB implies a process for specifying a radio protocol layer and channel properties to provide a particular service and for determining respective detailed parameters and operations. The RB can be classified into two types, i.e., a signaling RB (SRB) and a data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting an RRC message in the control plane. The DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.
When an RRC connection is established between an RRC layer of the UE and an RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC_CONNECTED state, and, otherwise, the UE may be in an RRC_IDLE state. In case of the NR, an RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a UE being in the RRC_INACTIVE state may maintain its connection with a core network whereas its connection with the BS is released.
Data is transmitted from the network to the UE through a downlink transport channel. Examples of the downlink transport channel include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a downlink-shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic of downlink multicast or broadcast services or the control messages can be transmitted on the downlink-SCH or an additional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Data is transmitted from the UE to the network through an uplink transport channel. Examples of the uplink transport channel include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink SCH for transmitting user traffic or control messages.
Examples of logical channels belonging to a higher channel of the transport channel and mapped onto the transport channels include a broadcast channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH), etc.
Referring to
In case of using a normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols. In case of using an extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and a Single Carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).
The following Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot (Nslotsymb), the number of slots per frame (Nframe,uslot), and the number of slots per subframe (Nsubframeslot), according to an SCS configuration (u), when Normal CP is used.
Table 2 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS, when Extended CP is used.
In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on) between multiple cells being integrate to one UE may be differently configured. Accordingly, a (absolute time) duration (or section) of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot or TTI) (collectively referred to as a time unit (TU) for simplicity) being configured of the same number of symbols may be differently configured in the integrated cells.
In the NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs for supporting diverse 5G services may be supported. For example, in case an SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area of the conventional cellular bands may be supported, and, in case an SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz a dense-urban, lower latency, wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. In case the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth that is greater than 24.25 GHz may be used in order to overcome phase noise.
An NR frequency band may be defined as two different types of frequency ranges. The two different types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2. The values of the frequency ranges may be changed (or varied), and, for example, the two different types of frequency ranges may be as shown below in Table 3. Among the frequency ranges that are used in an NR system, FR1 may mean a “sub 6 GHz range”, and FR2 may mean an “above 6 GHz range” and may also be referred to as a millimeter wave (mmW).
As described above, the values of the frequency ranges in the NR system may be changed (or varied). For example, as shown below in Table 4, FR1 may include a band within a range of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. More specifically, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, and so on) and higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, and so on) and higher being included in FR1 mat include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for diverse purposes, e.g., the unlicensed band for vehicle-specific communication (e.g., automated driving).
Referring to
A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (Physical) Resource Blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and the BWP may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on). A carrier may include a maximum of N number BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication may be performed via an activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) within a resource grid and one complex symbol may be mapped to each element.
Hereinafter, a bandwidth part (BWP) and a carrier will be described.
The BWP may be a set of consecutive physical resource blocks (PRBs) in a given numerology. The PRB may be selected from consecutive sub-sets of common resource blocks (CRBs) for the given numerology on a given carrier
For example, the BWP may be at least any one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and/or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than an active DL BWP on a primary cell (PCell). For example, the UE may not receive PDCCH, physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or channel state information—reference signal (CSI-RS) (excluding RRM) outside the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger a channel state information (CSI) report for the inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside an active UL BWP. For example, in a downlink case, the initial BWP may be given as a consecutive RB set for a remaining minimum system information (RMSI) control resource set (CORESET) (configured by physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, in an uplink case, the initial BWP may be given by system information block (SIB) for a random access procedure. For example, the default BWP may be configured by a higher layer. For example, an initial value of the default BWP may be an initial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE fails to detect downlink control information (DCI) during a specific period, the UE may switch the active BWP of the UE to the default BWP.
Meanwhile, the BWP may be defined for SL. The same SL BWP may be used in transmission and reception. For example, a transmitting UE may transmit an SL channel or an SL signal on a specific BWP, and a receiving UE may receive the SL channel or the SL signal on the specific BWP. In a licensed carrier, the SL BWP may be defined separately from a Uu BWP, and the SL BWP may have configuration signaling separate from the Uu BWP. For example, the UE may receive a configuration for the SL BWP from the BS/network. For example, the UE may receive a configuration for the Uu BWP from the BS/network. The SL BWP may be (pre-)configured in a carrier with respect to an out-of-coverage NR V2X UE and an RRC_IDLE UE. For the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED mode, at least one SL BWP may be activated in the carrier.
Referring to
The BWP may be configured by a point A, an offset NstartBWP from the point A, and a bandwidth NsizeBWP. For example, the point A may be an external reference point of a PRB of a carrier in which a subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by a network on that carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be a PRB interval between a lowest subcarrier and the point A in a given numerology. For example, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in the given numerology.
Hereinafter, V2X or SL communication will be described.
A sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) may include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS), as an SL-specific sequence. The PSSS may be referred to as a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE may use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and for synchronization acquisition. For example, the UE may use the S-PSS and the S-SSS for acquisition of detailed synchronization and for detection of a synchronization signal ID.
A physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information which must be first known by the UE before SL signal transmission/reception. For example, the default information may be information related to SLSS, a duplex mode (DM), a time division duplex (TDD) uplink/downlink (UL/DL) configuration, information related to a resource pool, a type of an application related to the SLSS, a subframe offset, broadcast information, or the like. For example, for evaluation of PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, a payload size of the PSBCH may be 56 bits including 24-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
The S-PSS, the S-SSS, and the PSBCH may be included in a block format (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS)/PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink-synchronization signal block (S-SSB)) supporting periodical transmission. The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH)/physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth may exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB may have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, the PSBCH may exist across 11 RBs. In addition, a frequency position of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Accordingly, the UE does not have to perform hypothesis detection at frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.
For example, (a) of
For example, (b) of
Referring to (a) of
For example, the first UE may receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resource(s) and/or information related to configured grant (CG) resource(s) from the base station. For example, the CG resource(s) may include CG type 1 resource(s) or CG type 2 resource(s). In the present disclosure, the DG resource(s) may be resource(s) configured/allocated by the base station to the first UE through a downlink control information (DCI). In the present disclosure, the CG resource(s) may be (periodic) resource(s) configured/allocated by the base station to the first UE through a DCI and/or an RRC message. For example, in the case of the CG type 1 resource(s), the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to CG resource(s) to the first UE. For example, in the case of the CG type 2 resource(s), the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to CG resource(s) to the first UE, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource(s) to the first UE.
In step S610, the first UE may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to a second UE based on the resource scheduling. In step S620, the first UE may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S630, the first UE may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH/PSSCH from the second UE. For example. HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second UE through the PSFCH. In step S640, the first UE may transmit/report HARQ feedback information to the base station through the PUCCH or the PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first UE based on a pre-configured rule. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for SL scheduling. For example, a format of the DCI may be a DCI format 3_0 or a DCI format 3_1.
Referring to (b) of
Referring to (a) or (b) of
Hereinafter, an example of SCI format 1-A will be described.
SCI format 1-A is used for the scheduling of PSSCH and 2nd-stage-SCI on PSSCH.
The following information is transmitted by means of the SCI format 1-A:
Hereinafter, an example of SCI format 2-A will be described.
SCI format 2-A is used for the decoding of PSSCH, with HARQ operation when HARQ-ACK information includes ACK or NACK, when HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information.
The following information is transmitted by means of the SCI format 2-A:
Hereinafter, an example of SCI format 2-B will be described.
SCI format 2-B is used for the decoding of PSSCH, with HARQ operation when HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information.
The following information is transmitted by means of the SCI format 2-B:
Referring to (a) of
Hereinafter, a UE procedure for determining a subset of resources to be reported to an higher layer in PSSCH resource selection in sidelink resource allocation mode 2 will be described.
In resource allocation mode 2, the higher layer can request the UE to determine a subset of resources from which the higher layer will select resources for PSSCH/PSCCH transmission. To trigger this procedure, in slot n, the higher layer provides the following parameters for this PSSCH/PSCCH transmission:
The following higher layer parameters affect this procedure:
The resource reservation interval, Prsvp_TX, if provided, is converted from units of msec to units of logical slots, resulting in P′rsvp_TX.
For example, a UE may select a set of candidate resources (Sa) based on Table 8. For example, when resource (re)selection is triggered, a UE may select a candidate resource set (Sa) based on Table 8. For example, when re-evaluation or pre-emption is triggered, a UE may select a candidate resource set (Sa) based on Table 8.
Meanwhile, in the conventional unlicensed spectrum (NR-U), a communication method between a UE and a base station is supported in an unlicensed band. In addition, a mechanism for supporting communication in an unlicensed band between sidelink UEs is planned to be supported in Rel-18.
In the present disclosure, a channel may refer to a set of frequency domain resources in which Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) is performed. In NR-U, the channel may refer to an LBT bandwidth with 20 MHz and may have the same meaning as an RB set. For example, the RB set may be defined in section 7 of 3GPP TS 38.214 V17.0.0.
In the present disclosure, channel occupancy (CO) may refer to time/frequency domain resources obtained by the base station or the UE after LBT success.
In the present disclosure, channel occupancy time (COT) may refer to time domain resources obtained by the base station or the UE after LBT success. It may be shared between the base station (or the UE) and the UE (or the base station) that obtained the CO, and this may be referred to as COT sharing. Depending on the initiating device, this may be referred to as gNB-initiated COT or UE-initiated COT.
Hereinafter, a wireless communication system supporting an unlicensed band/shared spectrum will be described.
In the following description, a cell operating in a licensed band (hereinafter, L-band) may be defined as an L-cell, and a carrier of the L-cell may be defined as a (DL/UL/SL) LCC. In addition, a cell operating in an unlicensed band (hereinafter, U-band) may be defined as a U-cell, and a carrier of the U-cell may be defined as a (DL/UL/SL) UCC. The carrier/carrier-frequency of a cell may refer to the operating frequency (e.g., center frequency) of the cell. A cell/carrier (e.g., CC) is commonly called a cell.
When the base station and the UE transmit and receive signals on carrier-aggregated LCC and UCC as shown in (a) of
In the embodiment of
Unless otherwise noted, the definitions below are applicable to the following terminologies used in the present disclosure.
Referring to
Table 9 shows an example of the channel access procedure (CAP) supported in NR-U.
Referring to Table 9, the LBT type or CAP for DL/UL % SL transmission may be defined. However, Table 9 is only an example, and a new type or CAP may be defined in a similar manner. For example, the type 1 (also referred to as Cat-4 LBT) may be a random back-off based channel access procedure. For example, in the case of Cat-4, the contention window may change. For example, the type 2 can be performed in case of COT sharing within COT acquired by the base station (gNB) or the UE.
Hereinafter, LBT-SubBand (SB) (or RB set) will be described.
In a wireless communication system supporting an unlicensed band, one cell (or carrier (e.g., CC)) or BWP configured for the UE may have a wideband having a larger bandwidth (BW) than in legacy LTE. However, a BW requiring CCA based on an independent LBT operation may be limited according to regulations. Let a subband (SB) in which LBT is individually performed be defined as an LBT-SB. Then, a plurality of LBT-SBs may be included in one wideband cell/BWP. A set of RBs included in an LBT-SB may be configured by higher-layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. Accordingly, one or more LBT-SBs may be included in one cell/BWP based on (i) the BW of the cell/BWP and (ii) RB set allocation information.
Referring to
Hereinafter, a channel access priority class (CAPC) will be described.
The CAPCs of MAC CEs and radio bearers may be fixed or configured to operate in FR 1:
When selecting a CAPC of a DRB, the base station considers fairness between other traffic types and transmissions while considering 5QI of all QoS flows multiplexed to the corresponding DRB. Table 10 shows which CAPC should be used for standardized 5QI, that is, a CAPC to be used for a given QoS flow. For standardized 5QI, CAPCs are defined as shown in the table below, and for non-standardized 5QI, the CAPC with the best QoS characteristics should be used.
Hereinafter, a method of transmitting a downlink signal through an unlicensed band will be described. For example, a method of transmitting a downlink signal through an unlicensed band may be applied to a method of transmitting a sidelink signal through an unlicensed band.
The base station may perform one of the following channel access procedures (e.g., CAP) for downlink signal transmission in an unlicensed band.
(1) Type 1 downlink (DL) CAP Method
In the type 1 DL CAP, the length of a time duration spanned by sensing slots sensed to be idle before transmission(s) may be random. The type 1 DL CAP may be applied to the following transmissions:
Referring to
Step 4) (S130) If N=0 (Y), the base station terminates the CAP (S132). Otherwise (N), step 2 proceeds.
Step 5) (S160) The base station senses the channel until either a busy sensing slot is detected within an additional defer duration Td or all the slots of the additional defer duration Td are detected to be idle.
Step 6) (S170) If the channel is sensed to be idle for all the slot durations of the additional defer duration Td (Y), step 4 proceeds. Otherwise (N), step 5 proceeds.
Table 11 shows that mp, a minimum contention window (CW), a maximum CW, a maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT), and an allowed CW size, which are applied to the CAP, vary depending on channel access priority classes.
Referring to Table 12, a contention window size (CWS), a maximum COT value, etc. for each CAPC may be defined. For example, Td may be equal to Tf+mp*Tsl (Td=Tf+mp*Tsl).
The defer duration Td is configured in the following order: duration Tf (16 us)+mp consecutive sensing slot durations Tsl (9 us). Tf includes the sensing slot duration Tsl at the beginning of the 16 us duration.
The following relationship is satisfied: CWmin,p<=CWp<=CWmax,p. CWp may be configured by CWp=CWmin,p and updated before step 1 based on HARQ-ACK feedback (e.g., the ratio of ACK or NACK) for a previous DL burst (e.g., PDSCH) (CW size update). For example, CW, may be initialized to CWmin,p based on the HARQ-ACK feedback for the previous DL burst. Alternatively, CW, may be increased to the next higher allowed value or maintained as it is.
In the type 2 DL CAP, the length of a time duration spanned by sensing slots sensed to be idle before transmission(s) may be determined. The type 2 DL CAP is classified into type 2A/2B/2C DL CAPs.
The type 2A DL CAP may be applied to the following transmissions. In the type 2A DL CAP, the base station may perform transmission immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle at least for a sensing duration Tshort_dl=25 us. Herein, Tshort_dl includes the duration Tf (=16 us) and one sensing slot duration immediately after the duration Tf, where the duration Tf includes a sensing slot at the beginning thereof.
The type 2B DL CAP is applicable to transmission(s) performed by the base station after a gap of 16 us from transmission(s) by the UE within a shared channel occupancy time. In the type 2B DL CAP, the base station may perform transmission immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle for Tf=16 us. Tf includes a sensing slot within 9 us from the end of the duration. The type 2C DL CAP is applicable to transmission(s) performed by the base station after a maximum of 16 us from transmission(s) by the UE within the shared channel occupancy time. In the type 2C DL CAP, the base station does not perform channel sensing before performing transmission.
Hereinafter, a method of transmitting an uplink signal through an unlicensed band will be described. For example, a method of transmitting an uplink signal through an unlicensed band may be applied to a method of transmitting a sidelink signal through an unlicensed band.
The UE may perform type 1 or type 2 CAP for UL signal transmission in an unlicensed band. In general, the UE may perform the CAP (e.g., type 1 or type 2) configured by the base station for UL signal transmission. For example, a UL grant scheduling PUSCH transmission (e.g., DCI formats 0_0 and 0_1) may include CAP type indication information for the UE.
In the type 1 UL CAP, the length of a time duration spanned by sensing slots sensed to be idle before transmission(s) is random. The type 1 UL CAP may be applied to the following transmissions.
Referring to
Table 12 shows that mp, a minimum CW, a maximum CW, a maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT), and an allowed CW size, which are applied to the CAP, vary depending on channel access priority classes.
Referring to Table 12, a contention window size (CWS), a maximum COT value, etc. for each CAPC may be defined. For example, Td may be equal to Tf+mp*Tsl (Td=Tf+mp*Tsl).
The defer duration Td is configured in the following order: duration Tf(16 us)+mp consecutive sensing slot durations Tsl (9 us). Tf includes the sensing slot duration Tsl at the beginning of the 16 us duration.
The following relationship is satisfied: CWmin,p<=CWp<=CWmax,p. CWp may be configured by CWp=CWmin,p and updated before step 1 based on an explicit/implicit reception response for a previous UL burst (e.g., PUSCH) (CW size update). For example, CW, may be initialized to CWmin,p based on the explicit/implicit reception response for the previous UL burst. Alternatively, CWp may be increased to the next higher allowed value or maintained as it is.
In the type 2 UL CAP, the length of a time duration spanned by sensing slots sensed to be idle before transmission(s) may be determined. The type 2 UL CAP is classified into type 2A/2B/2C UL CAPs. In the type 2A UL CAP, the UE may perform transmission immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle at least for a sensing duration Tshort_dl=25 us. Herein, Tshort_dl includes the duration Tf (=16 us) and one sensing slot duration immediately after the duration T. In the type 2A UL CAP, Tf includes a sensing slot at the beginning thereof. In the type 2B UL CAP, the UE may perform transmission immediately after the channel is sensed to be idle for the sensing duration Tf=16 us. In the type 2B UL CAP, Tf includes a sensing slot within 9 us from the end of the duration. In the type 2C UL CAP, the UE does not perform channel sensing before performing transmission.
For example, according to the type 1 LBT-based NR-U operation, the UE having uplink data to be transmitted may select a CAPC mapped to 5QI of data, and the UE may perform the NR-U operation by applying parameters of the corresponding CACP (e.g., minimum contention window size, maximum contention window size, mp, etc.). For example, the UE may select a backoff counter (BC) after selecting a random value between the minimum CW and the maximum CW mapped to the CAPC. In this case, for example, the BC may be a positive integer less than or equal to the random value. The UE sensing a channel decreases the BC by 1 if the channel is idle. If the BC becomes zero and the UE detects that the channel is idle for the time Td (Td=Tf+mp*Tsl), the UE may attempt to transmit data by occupying the channel. For example, Tsl (=9 usec) is a basic sensing unit or sensing slots, and may include a measurement duration for at least 4 usec. For example, the front 9 usec of Tf (=16 usec) may be configured to be Tsl.
For example, according to the type 2 LBT-based NR-U operation, the UE may transmit data by performing the type 2 LBT (e.g., type 2A LBT, type 2B LBT, or type 2C LBT) within COT.
For example, the type 2A (also referred to as Cat-2 LBT (one shot LBT) or one-shot LBT) may be 25 usec one-shot LBT. In this case, transmission may start immediately after idle sensing for at least a 25 usec gap. The type 2A may be used to initiate transmission of SSB and non-unicast DL information. That is, the UE may sense a channel for 25 usec within COT, and if the channel is idle, the UE may attempt to transmit data by occupying the channel.
For example, the type 2B may be 16 usec one-shot LBT. In this case, transmission may start immediately after idle sensing for a 16 usec gap. That is, the UE may sense a channel for 16 usec within COT, and if the channel is idle, the UE may attempt to transmit data by occupying the channel.
For example, in the case of the type 2C (also referred to as Cat-1 LBT or No LBT), LBT may not be performed. In this case, transmission may start immediately after a gap of up to 16 usec and a channel may not be sensed before the transmission. The duration of the transmission may be up to 584 usec. The UE may attempt transmission after 16 usec without sensing, and the UE may perform transmission for up to 584 usec.
In a sidelink unlicensed band, the UE may perform a channel access operation based on Listen Before Talk (LBT). Before the UE accesses a channel in an unlicensed band, the UE should check whether the channel to be accessed is idle (e.g., a state in which UEs do not occupy the channel, a state in which UEs can access the corresponding channel and transmit data) or busy (e.g., a state in which the channel is occupied and data transmission/reception is performed on the corresponding channel, and the UE attempting to access the channel cannot transmit data while the channel is busy). That is, the operation in which the UE checks whether the channel is idle or busy may be referred to as Clear Channel Assessment (CCA), and the UE may check whether the channel is idle or busy for the CCA duration.
In this specification, the word “configuration or definition” may be interpreted as being (pre-)configured by a base station or network (via pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC signaling, RRC signaling)). For example, “A may be configured” may include “a base station or network (pre-)configures/defines or informs a UE of A”. Alternatively, the word “configuration or definition” may be interpreted as being pre-configured or pre-defined by the system. For example, “A may be configured” may include “A is pre-configured/defined by the system”.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a future system, a UE may perform a sidelink transmission and/or reception operation in an unlicensed band. For operations in an unlicensed band, depending on band-specific regulations or requirements, a UE's transmission may be preceded by a channel sensing operation (e.g., energy detection/measurement) for the channel to be used. For example, a UE may perform a transmission in the unlicensed band only if, as a result of the channel sensing, the channel or RB set to be used is determined to be IDLE (e.g., if the measured energy is less than or equal to or greater than a certain threshold value), and conversely, if, as a result of the channel sensing, the channel or RB set to be used is determined to be BUSY (e.g., if the measured energy is greater than or equal to or greater than a certain threshold value), the UE may cancel all or part of the transmission in the unlicensed band.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in operation in an unlicensed band, a UE may omit or simplify the channel sensing operation (i.e., make the channel sensing interval relatively small) within a certain time interval after a transmission for a certain time period, or conversely, after a certain time interval after the transmission, the UE may decide whether to transmit or not after performing the usual channel sensing operation. On the other hand, in a transmission in an unlicensed band, depending on regulations or requirements, the size and/or power spectral density (PSD) of the time interval and/or frequency occupied region of the signal/channel transmitted by the UE may be greater than or equal to a certain level, respectively. On the other hand, in an unlicensed band, in order to simplify the channel sensing, it may be informed through the channel occupancy time (COT) duration information that it occupies the channel obtained through the initial general channel sensing for a certain period of time, and the maximum value of the length of the COT duration may be set differently according to the priority value of a service or a data packet.
For example, a UE may perform channel sensing and/or perform a resource selection procedure for a sidelink transmission (e.g., PSCCH and/or PSSCH and/or S-SSB and/or PSFCH, etc.) only if the result of the channel sensing is IDLE. For example, a UE may perform a resource selection procedure for a sidelink transmission only after a COT duration has been secured. For example, in the resource selection procedure, a UE may select a transmission resource by avoiding resources where a relatively high interference level is expected based on the reserved resources of other UEs estimated based on SCI received in a sidelink sensing window. For example, when a UE selects a resource for sidelink communication, the resource may be limited to falling within a COT duration configured for the UE and/or a COT duration configured by the UE.
For example, a UE may select a transmission resource for a sidelink transmission through a resource selection procedure based on sidelink sensing, perform a channel sensing operation immediately prior to performing an actual transmission on the selected resource, and perform the actual transmission only if the selected resource is IDLE according to the result of the channel sensing. For example, the reserved resource that may be indicated by a UE using first SCI may be limited to resources within a COT duration configured for the UE and/or within a COT duration configured by the UE and/or within a COT duration indicated by SCI transmitted by the UE.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, all or a part of resources selected by a UE for a sidelink transmission may be indicated in the form of reserved resources via first SCI when actually transmitting a PSCCH/PSSCH. For example, a time interval between selected resources for a sidelink transmission may be set to be less than or equal to the maximum value for the COT duration. For example, the differences between the time point when first SCI is transmitted and the time point(s) of the reservation resource(s) indicated by the first SCI may all be set to be less than or equal to the maximum value for the COT duration. For example, the maximum value for a COT duration in the above may be (pre)configured or pre-defined according to an SL priority value for a sidelink transmission.
For example, the matching between SL priority values and priority values for operations in an unlicensed band may be (pre-)configured and pre-defined, such that the priority value for an unlicensed band operation is automatically determined.
For example, the time point when first SCI is received and time points(or specific channel) of all or part of the reserved resources indicated in the first SCI may be indicated to be occupied via the first SCI. For example, another UE receiving the first SCI may interpret the interval from the time point at which the first SCI is received to the time point of the reserved resource indicated by the first SCI (or the interval including the time point of the reserved resource indicated by the first SCI) as the COT duration of the UE that transmitted the first SCI. For example, the specific channel in the above may be a channel or RB set that is the basic unit of an operation of an unlicensed band that includes the resource over which the first SCI was transmitted. For example, in the above, a specific channel may be a channel or RB set that is the basic unit of an operation of an unlicensed band that includes the reserved resources indicated by the first SCI. For example, in the above, configuring a COT duration via a sidelink reservation resource indication may be a case where the channel or RB set on which the first SCI is transmitted and the channel or RB set on which the reservation resource is located are the same. For example, the configuration of a COT duration may be limited to reservation resources from the time point when first SCI is received to the first (earliest) reservation resource indicated by the first SCI.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in an operation in an unlicensed band, when a UE reserves a sidelink resource, the reservation may not result in an actual transmission at the time of the actual transmission, depending on the channel sensing result. For example, a UE may use the channel sensing result for the received SCI to determine whether to exclude all or part of the reserved resource(s) indicated by received SCI within a sidelink sensing window from the set of available candidate resources when performing a resource (re)selection procedure.
For example, when the channel sensing result value (e.g., energy measurement value) for the received SCI is above or equal to or exceeds a (pre-)configured or pre-defined threshold value, a UE may determine that the reserved resources indicated by the SCI are BUSY and exclude candidate resources that overlap with the reserved resources and/or the channel or RB set in which the reserved resources are included from the set of available candidate resources. This is because the channel sensing result may be BUSY even at the above time point if an actual transmission occurs on a resource reserved by another UE. For example, if the channel sensing result for the received SCI is BUSY, the UE may determine that the next reserved resource and/or all reserved resources indicated by the SCI are BUSY, and/or may not perform channel sensing for the reserved resource. For example, in the above, the reserved resource may be limited to being within the same RB set as the SCI that indicated it.
For example, if the channel sensing result value (e.g., energy measurement value) for the received SCI is below or equal to or below a (pre-)configured or pre-defined threshold value, a UE may determine the reserved resources indicated by the SCI to be IDLE and may not exclude any candidate resources that overlap with the reserved resources and/or the channel or RB set including the reserved resources from the set of available candidate resources. For example, in the above situation, at the time point of the actual UE transmission, a UE may still not perform the actual transmission on the reserved resource if the final channel or RB set is determined to be BUSY through an additional channel sensing operation.
For example, if the channel sensing result value (e.g., energy measurement value) for the received SC is above or equal to or exceeds a (pre)configured or predefined threshold value, a UE may determine the available candidate resources based on the RSRP measurement value (based on PSCCH DMRS and/or PSSCH DMRS) corresponding to the received SCI. For example, in the above, if the RSRP measurement value is greater than or equal to or exceeds the RSRP threshold value, the UE may exclude the reserved resource indicated by the received SCI from the available candidate resources. For example, the RSRP threshold value may be a value (pre-)configured per transmission priority and/or reception priority, or may be a value that is boosted several times during the resource (re)selection procedure from the above configured value.
For example, if the channel sensing result value (e.g., energy measurement value) for the received SCI is below or equal to or below a (pre)configured or predefined threshold value, a UE may determine the available candidate resources based on the RSRP measurement value (based on PSCCH DMRS and/or PSSCH DMRS) corresponding to the received SCI. For example, in the above, if the RSRP measurement value is greater than or equal to or exceeds the RSRP threshold value, the UE may exclude the reserved resource indicated by the received SCI from the available candidate resources. For example, in the above, the RSRP threshold value may be a value (pre-)configured per transmission priority and/or reception priority, or may be a value boosted several times during the resource (re)selection procedure from the above configured value.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when performing a sidelink sensing-based resource (re)selection procedure, the timing of resource usage (when the channel sensing result is BUSY or IDLE) and/or whether the resource is used or not may vary depending on the number of times the RSRP threshold is boosted or the (final or set) threshold value. For example, if the RSRP threshold is greater than a (pre)configured value or a predefined value (e.g., a threshold used for channel sensing or a conversion thereof), candidate resources that overlap with reserved resources indicated by the received SCI may be excluded from the available candidate resources even if the channel sensing result for the received SCI is IDLE.
For example, if a reserved resource indicated in the received SCI is excluded from the available resources based on the RSRP measurement value for it (when the RSRP measurement value is greater than and/or equal to a (pre-)configured threshold value and/or a boosted value from the value), the UE may not perform channel sensing for the reserved resource. For example, the reserved resource may be limited to the case where all RBs in the RB set are used and/or the ratio of the number of allocated RBs to the number of all RBs in the RB set is above a (pre-)configured or pre-defined threshold value and/or the number of RBs and/or the number of subchannels for the reserved resource is above or equal to a (pre-)configured or pre-defined threshold value.
For example, a UE may not perform channel sensing when performing a sensing operation, but may only perform channel sensing prior to an actual transmission. For example, in the above case, the UE may perform resource (re)selection based on sidelink sensing, but only perform channel sensing prior to the actual transmission and determine whether or not to perform the actual transmission based on the result.
For example, a UE may perform channel sensing for a reserved resource indicated in the received SCI, and if the result of the channel sensing is IDLE, the UE may re-include a candidate resource that overlaps with the reserved resource in the available resources. For example, the reserved resource may be an excluded reserved resource if the UE has excluded candidate resources that overlap with the reserved resource from the available resources based on RSRP measurement value. For example, the reserved resource for canceling the resource exclusion procedure above may be a resource for which a UE has performed channel sensing, and/or may be any reserved resource indicated in the received SCI.
For example, a UE may perform channel sensing on a selected resource for sidelink transmission and if the channel sensing result is BUSY, the UE may report to the higher layer (for the selected resource) that the resource is not used due to LBT failure or a failure of channel sensing.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a UE may obtain COT duration information from a base station, another UE, or from itself, and a sidelink transmission may not be allowed in the COT duration. For example, a UE may report RE-EVALUATION or report PRE-EMPTION or a third state (channel sensing failure) to a higher layer for a resource selected for sidelink transmission if the selected resource is in a COT duration (where sidelink transmission is not allowed). For example, in the above situation, the UE may perform reselection for a reserved resource within a different COT duration.
Referring to
In step S1320, the PHY layer may report (or deliver) a failure of the channel sensing operation (or that the result of the channel sensing operation is busy) to the MAC layer of the first device.
In step S1330, the MAC layer may trigger resource reselection for a first resource related to the channel sensing operation.
In step S1340, the first device may reselect the first resource to a second resource. For example, the second resource may be a resource after a third resource that was previously selected along with the first resource. Alternatively, for example, the second resource may be a resource before a third resource that was previously selected along with the first resource. For example, the second resource may be a resource that is included within a COT duration related to the first resource.
At step S1350, the PHY layer of the first device may perform a channel sensing operation based on the reselected second resource. Here, the channel sensing operation for the second resource is assumed to be successful. That is, as a result of channel sensing related to the second resource, no signal strength above a threshold value is detected. In step S1360, the first device may perform an SL transmission operation to a second device based on the second resource.
Referring to
In step S1420, the first device may select a transmission resource for performing the SL transmission. For example, the transmission resource may be a resource included within the COT duration. For example, the transmission resource may be selected based on a sensing-based resource selection method. For example, the transmission resource may be selected based on a random selection scheme.
In step S1430, the PHY layer of the first device may perform channel sensing before the starting time point of the transmission resource by a channel sensing interval. For example, the channel sensing operation may include a listen before talk (LBT) operation. For example, in this embodiment, it is assumed that the LBT operation fails, i.e., the strength of the signal received during the channel sensing operation of the first device exceeds a threshold value such that the result of the channel sensing is busy.
In step S1440, the PHY layer of the first device may inform the MAC layer of the first device of the failure of the channel sensing operation. The MAC layer of the first device may perform a subsequent operation, such as resource reselection and/or resource abandonment, based on the failure of the channel sensing operation.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an operation of a UE to avoid other COT duration for a sidelink transmission may vary depending on the priority value of the sidelink transmission. For example, a UE may perform an operation to avoid another COT duration only if the transmission priority value is above a (pre)configured threshold value.
For example, when a UE (re)selects a transmission resource, a reservation resource of other UE derived from received SCI as a candidate transmission resource and/or a transmission resource and/or a resource within a certain interval (within the same RB set) preceding the reserved resource and/or a resource within a certain interval (within the same RB set) following the reserved resource may be avoided. For example, the above operation may be performed when the RSRP measurement value for a reserved resource of other UE derived from the received SCI is greater than or equal to an RSRP threshold value (e.g., value derived from a (pre)configured initial value for the combination of the transmission priority value and/or the reception priority value) and/or if the UE's transmission priority value is less than and/or equal to the reception priority value for the other UE and/or if the reception priority value for the other UE is less than or equal to or less than a (pre)configured threshold and/or if the UE's transmission priority value is greater than or equal to or exceeds a (pre)configured threshold value.
For example, the specific time interval prior to and/or following the reserved resource of the other UE may be determined based on a CAPC value and/or the SL priority value and/or the (pre-)configured value and/or the channel access type for the reserved resource and/or whether the UE's transmission and the reserved resource of the other UE share the same COT and/or the CAPC value and/or the SL priority value and/or the channel access type for the UE's transmission, etc. For example, the specific time interval prior to the reserved resource may be a value or an expected value or an actual value related to the channel sensing interval for the reserved resource. For example, the length of the specific time interval following the reservation resource may be a value, an expected value, or an actual value related to a channel sensing interval for the UE's transmission.
The various schemes of the present disclosure may be applied differently according to the channel access type for a UE's transmissions and/or a UE's received transmissions.
The various schemes of this disclosure may be applied differently according to whether the COT duration is initialized by a UE or a base station.
The various schemes of the present disclosure may be applied differently according to whether the COT duration is initialized by a transmitting UE or by a third UE.
The various schemes of the present disclosure may be applied differently per unicast session (group) and/or per cast type and/or per transmission priority value and/or per SL transmission with SL HARQ-ACK feedback enabled/disabled and/or per SL HARQ-ACK feedback option.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the various schemes may be applied differently according to the type of channel access indicated by another UE.
Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in different combinations of the above according to transmissions within or outside the channel occupancy time (COT). Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in different combinations of the above according to the form of the COT (e.g., semi-static or time-varying). Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in different combinations of the above, according to the carrier, according to the presence or absence of guards between RB sets, or according to regulations.
The various schemes in this disclosure may be applied differently per PRIORITY CLASS or SL priority value.
The various schemes described herein may be applied differently to different SL channels. The various methods described herein may be applied differently according to the type of information included in the SL channel.
According to the prior art, SL communication in an unlicensed band is not supported, and therefore, for communication in an unlicensed band, channel sensing operations that need to be performed during a channel sensing interval prior to transmission resources are not supported. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, channel sensing operations for SL communication in an unlicensed band may be performed, such that a subsequent operation, such as resource reselection, may be performed by causing the channel sensing result to be reported to a higher layer of a UE in case of busy.
Referring to
For example, the time interval may be included within a channel occupancy time (COT) duration.
For example, additionally, the first device may perform initial channel sensing, and determine the COT duration based on a result of the initial channel sensing.
For example, the initial channel sensing may be performed within an unlicensed band.
For example, additionally, the first device may obtain information related to the COT duration.
For example, additionally, the first device may transmit, to a second device, sidelink control information (SCI) including information related to the COT duration.
For example, the COT duration may be included within an unlicensed band.
For example, the sensing may include: receiving, from a second device, SCI within a sensing interval; and decoding the SCI.
For example, additionally, the first device may determine an overlap of a channel sensing interval related to a transmission resource of the second device, included in the SCI and a channel sensing interval related to the resource; and determine to perform the SL transmission, based on a priority related to the transmission resource being lower than a priority related to the resource.
For example, additionally, the first device may determine not to perform the SL transmission, based on reference signal received power (RSRP) related to the SCI being greater than a threshold value.
For example, additionally, the first device may trigger resource reselection based on a result of the channel sensing. For example, the resource reselection may be triggered from a MAC layer of the first device.
For example, additionally, the first device may reselect the resource to a reselection resource, based on triggering of the resource reselection.
For example, additionally, the first device may transmit, to a second device, SCI including information related to the reselection resource.
The embodiments described above may be applied to various devices described below. First, a processor 102 of a first device 100 may trigger resource selection at a slot. And, the processor 102 of the first device 100 may determine a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection. And, the processor 102 of the first device 100 may select a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing. And, the processor 102 of the first device 100 may perform channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval. For example, a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device 100 from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device 10.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device for performing wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the first device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute instructions to: trigger resource selection at a slot; determine a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection; select a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing; and perform channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval, wherein a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device.
For example, the time interval may be included within a channel occupancy time (COT) duration.
For example, additionally, the first device may perform initial channel sensing; and determine the COT duration based on a result of the initial channel sensing.
For example, the initial channel sensing may be performed within an unlicensed band.
For example, additionally, the first device may obtain information related to the COT duration.
For example, additionally, the first device may transmit, to a second device, sidelink control information (SCI) including information related to the COT duration.
For example, the COT duration may be included within an unlicensed band.
For example, the sensing may include: receiving, from a second device, SCI within a sensing interval; and decoding the SCI.
For example, additionally, the first device may determine an overlap of a channel sensing interval related to a transmission resource of the second device, included in the SCI and a channel sensing interval related to the resource; and determine to perform the SL transmission, based on a priority related to the transmission resource being lower than a priority related to the resource.
For example, additionally, the first device may determine not to perform the SL transmission, based on reference signal received power (RSRP) related to the SCI being greater than a threshold value.
For example, additionally, the first device may trigger resource reselection based on a result of the channel sensing. For example, the resource reselection may be triggered from a MAC layer of the first device.
For example, additionally, the first device may reselect the resource to a reselection resource, based on triggering of the resource reselection.
For example, additionally, the first device may transmit, to a second device, SCI including information related to the reselection resource.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a device adapted to control a first user equipment (UE) may be proposed. For example, the device may comprise: one or more processors; and one or more memories operably connectable to the one or more processors and storing instructions. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: trigger resource selection at a slot: determine a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection; select a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing; and perform channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval, wherein a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first UE from a physical (PHY) layer of the first UE.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be proposed. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: trigger resource selection at a slot; determine a time interval based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from the slot, based on triggering of the resource selection, select a resource for a sidelink (SL) transmission within the time interval, based on sensing; and perform channel sensing for an interval before a starting time point of the resource by a channel sensing interval, wherein a result of the channel sensing may be busy, and wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device.
Referring to
For example, the time interval may be included within a channel occupancy time (COT) duration.
The embodiments described above may be applied to various devices described below. First, a processor 202 of a second device 200 may control a transceiver 206 to receive, from a first device 100, sidelink control information (SCI) including information related to a reselection resource, based on the reselection resource. And, the processor 202 of the second device 200 may control the transceiver 206 to perform a sidelink (SL) reception based on the reselection resource. For example, the reselection resource may be reselected from a resource based on triggering of resource reselection, the resource reselection may be triggered based on a result of a channel sensing that is busy, from a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device 100, the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to the MAC layer of the first device 100 from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device 100, the resource may be selected within a time interval based on sensing, and the time interval may be determined based on remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from a slot, based on triggering of resource selection triggered at the slot.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device for performing wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the second device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute instructions to: receive, from a first device, sidelink control information (SCI) including information related to a reselection resource, based on the reselection resource, and perform a sidelink (SL) reception based on the reselection resource, wherein the reselection resource may be reselected from a resource based on triggering of resource reselection, wherein the resource reselection may be triggered based on a result of a channel sensing that is busy, from a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device, wherein the result of the channel sensing may be delivered to the MAC layer of the first device from a physical (PHY) layer of the first device, wherein the resource may be selected within a time interval based on sensing, and wherein the time interval may be determined based on remaining packet delay budget (PDB) from a slot, based on triggering of resource selection triggered at the slot.
For example, the time interval may be included within a channel occupancy time (COT) duration.
Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.
Hereinafter, device(s) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied will be described.
The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety of fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.
Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the same reference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.
Referring to
Here, wireless communication technology implemented in wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may include Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication in addition to LTE, NR, and 6G. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as standards such as LTE Cat NB1, and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the name described above. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example of the LPWAN and may be called by various names including enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC), and the like. For example, the LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-Bandwidth Limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M. and is not limited to the name described above. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee considering the low-power communication, and is not limited to the name described above. As an example, the ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and the like, and may be called by various names.
The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE)network, or a 5G (e.g., NR)network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.
Wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b, or 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100/BS 200, or BS 200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication/connections 150a and 150b may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.
Referring to
The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process information within the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.
The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information within the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.
Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs. SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.
The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.
The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.
The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.
Referring to
Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processing circuit 1000 of
Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bit sequences by the scramblers 1010. Scramble sequences used for scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbol sequences by the modulators 1020. A modulation scheme may include pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift Keying (m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). Complex modulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1040. Outputs z of the precoder 1040 may be obtained by multiplying outputs y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. The precoder 1040 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.
The resource mappers 1050 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generators 1060 may generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals may be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose, the signal generators 1060 may include Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) modules, Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserters, Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), and frequency up-converters.
Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wireless device may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processing procedures 1010 to 106 (of
Referring to
The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100a of
In
Hereinafter, an example of implementing
Referring to
The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120 may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-held device 100. The memory unit 130 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 140a may supply power to the hand-held device 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b may support connection of the hand-held device 100 to other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection with external devices. The I/O unit 140c may input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input by a user. The I/O unit 140c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.
As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit 140c may acquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user and the acquired information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert the information/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to a BS. The communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signals into original information/signals. The restored information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130 and may be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit 140c.
Referring to
The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit 140a may cause the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The driving unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b may supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c may acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d may implement technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, and the like.
For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the driving unit 140a such that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recent traffic information data from the external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c may obtain a vehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110 may transfer information about a vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous vehicles.
Claims in the present description can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present description can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2022-0034201 | Mar 2022 | KR | national |
| 10-2022-0056205 | May 2022 | KR | national |
| 10-2022-0127028 | Oct 2022 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2023/003674 | 3/20/2023 | WO |
