Patent Grant
6966347
The present invention relates to a method for operating a tank leakage diagnosis device, particularly of a motor vehicle. In addition, the present invention relates to a control unit and a tank leakage diagnosis unit for carrying out the method.
In a fuel storage tank of a motor vehicle that contains fuel, volatile hydrocarbons are continuously escaping. This effect increases with temperature and the agitation or sloshing of the fuel. In motor vehicles driven by internal combustion engines, for a flawless fuel supply, venting of the fuel storage tank is absolutely essential. For, as fuel is used up, air has to be able to flow in behind it, since otherwise a vacuum would form in the tank, and the fuel flow would come to a stop. However, the tank also has to be vented so as to give the tank's contents sufficient opportunity to expand as it warms up. Also, when the tank is filled up, sufficient air has to be able to exit the tank so that the fuel being filled up does not bubble out of the filler pipe again.
Therefore, in such vehicles, increasingly tank venting systems are used in which the evaporating and excess fuel vapor is guided not into the open air but, via a venting line, into an active charcoal filter (AKF). This fuel vapor is stored temporarily in the AKF, and, during the operation of the motor vehicle, is guided via a clocked activatable electromagnetic tank venting valve (TEV) to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, and thus to combustion. This prevents emission of the environmentally harmful fuel vapors from the tank into the environment to the greatest extent, and at the same time the vapors supplied to the internal combustion engine are themselves used as fuel, whereby fuel usage is considerably reduced.
Based on the limited absorption volume of the active charcoal used in the AKF, one should intermittently regenerate the AKF. In order to do this, while the internal combustion engine is running, fresh air is drawn in via the AKF, and the fuel vapor removed in the process is supplied to the internal combustion engine as a mixture for combustion. The respective flushing quantity is controlled by the TEV via a performance characteristics adaptation using the parameters load and rotary speed, so that the running properties of the internal combustion engine are not impaired. A lambda control additionally monitors and regulates the regeneration. The lambda deviation resulting from this can then be drawn upon as a measurement of the loading state of the AKF.
In this connection, intensified legal regulations on the operation of internal combustion engines will apply in the future in some countries, such as the USA. Thereafter, it will be required for motor vehicles, in which volatile fuels like gasoline are used, that a possibly existing leakage in the entire fuel tank system be tracked down using an on-board arrangement.
Corresponding methods and devices for tank leakage diagnosis in a tank venting system of a motor vehicle are referred to, for example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,349,935, DE 196 36 431.0 A1, DE 198 09 384.5 A1 and DE 196 25 702 A1. In these, an overpressure is applied to the tank venting system, and a conclusion as to the presence of a leak is drawn from the subsequent course of the pressure. In the system of DE 196 36 431.0 A1, one may form a ram pressure between a pump and a reference leak, whereby the pump's rotary speed is lowered and the pump's current consumption increases. If the tank is leakproof, a higher pressure develops than when against the reference leak. The current consumption is consequently higher.
It may be observed that the tank leak diagnosis, instead of by the use of overpressure, may also be performed with the aid of underpressure.
A relatively high fuel degassing leads to erroneous measurements in tank leakage diagnosis. Therefore, as a measure of increased fuel degassing, a filtered loading factor of the AKF is used as a basis. The loading factor is calculated during travel, and filtered via a time constant. To do this, with the engine running, the TEV is controlled to open, and the deviation coming about in the lambda regulator, in this context, is recorded. Using the recorded deviation, together with the volume stream through the TEV that is also present in the engine control, the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration of the drawn in flushing volume stream is calculated. The HC concentration of the air drawn in through the AKF thus ascertained is valid as the measure of the magnitude of the AKF's loading. If the loading value exceeds a predefined threshold, the leakage diagnosis is interrupted or temporarily blocked.
Since the loading is a function not only of the magnitude of the fuel degassing, using the loading value alone no accurate statement can be made concerning the actual magnitude of the instantaneous degassing. Thus, even at a very great fuel degassing under certain travel conditions, the loading factor may be artificially kept low using a high purging rate. In such a case, the leakage diagnosis would be enabled because of the low loading factor and the low degassing supposed from this. In actual fact, however, because of the actually present high degassing, this would lead to erroneous results in the leakage diagnosis. In the case of the overpressure diagnosis method discussed above, the leakage quantities specified by law in the USA would not be met. In the underpressure methods also named, such an erroneous detection may lead to the mistaken diagnosis of a non-leakproof tank system.
Therefore, the exemplary method of the present invention is intended to avoid erroneous measurements in tank leakage diagnosis, particularly at elevated fuel degassing.
The exemplary embodiment and/or exemplary method of the present invention is based on ascertaining the actual instantaneously present fuel degassing, and, as a function of the ascertained degassing value, of suppressing affected diagnosis functions in order thereby to avoid false diagnoses. According to one variant, a substantial improvement in the quality of the diagnosis may be brought about, depending on the diagnosis function affected, by compensation of the disturbance measured by the degassing present during the tank leakage diagnosis.
For this, the exemplary method according to the present invention provides that the adsorption filter be flushed, and in this context, the volatile fuel removed over a predefined time span from the adsorption filter be integrated, and from that there be ascertained loading of the adsorption filter with the volatile fuel that changes within the time span, that from the adsorption capacity or adsorption characteristics of the adsorption filter, the loading factor made available as well as the integrated fuel quantity or the changing loading, the quantity of degassing fuel supplied to the adsorption filter from the fuel container in the time span be calculated, and, as a function of the calculated quantity of the fuel supplied to the adsorption filter, an intervention is undertaken at the tank leakage diagnosis unit. According to this, a balance calculation is carried out or performed from which a conclusion is drawn on the fuel mass supplied to the adsorption filter from the fuel mass removed during the purging of the adsorption filter. In this context, the fuel mass supplied to the adsorption filter is assumed to be the actual degassing mass.
In a first variant it is provided that at least one leakage diagnosis function is interrupted or blocked as a function of the calculated quantity of degassing fuel. According to a second variant, also as a function of the calculated quantity of degassing fuel, there takes place an immediate, or possibly time-delayed, compensation of the disturbance in the tank leakage diagnosis conditioned upon the calculated quantity of degassing fuel.
The interventions, at the tank leakage diagnosis device mentioned, take place either in response to each present calculated value, in the way of a compensation, or in each case only when the calculated quantity of degassing fuel exceeds a predefinable threshold value.
For the low-emission operation of the BKM, there are provided a tank venting device 16, a control unit 18, an exhaust gas sensor system 20, as well as a sensor system 22, which takes the place of a plurality of sensors ascertaining operating parameters of the BKM, such as a rotary speed sensors, flow meters for sensing the intake air quantity, temperature sensors, etc. The device shown also provides a fuel metering device 24, which, for instance, may be implemented as equipment for one or more injection valves.
Tank venting (ventilation) device 16 includes an active charcoal filter (AKF) 26, which communicates via corresponding lines 28-32 with tank 14, environmental air 34 and intake manifold 10 of BKM. The corresponding gas flow directions are indicated by arrows. In line 32 going to intake manifold 10, there is a tank venting valve (TEV) 36.
AKF 26 stores just evaporating fuel in tank 14. As TEV 36 is opened by control device 18, air 34 is drawn in from the environment through AKF 26, which at the same time releases the stored fuel into drawn-in air 34. This fuel/air mixture denoted as “tank venting mixture” or also as “regenerating gas” (called “HC mass” below) now influences the composition of the gas mixture supplied altogether to the BKM, which is also determined by a metering of fuel adjusted to drawn-in air quantity 34 via fuel metering device 24.
In this context, in extreme cases, the fuel supplied to intake manifold 10 via tank ventilating system 16 may constitute a proportion of approximately one-third to one-half of the entire fuel quantity.
During the operation of the motor vehicle or the BKM, or during filling up tank 14, volatile hydrocarbon vapors (HC vapors) form in tank 14, which get into AKF via line 28 and are reversibly bound in it in a known manner. TEV 36 is normally closed. At regular time periods, TEV 36 is controlled via control unit 18 in such a way that a certain partial pressure of the underpressure existing in intake manifold 10 is supplied to AKF 26 via line 32, which leads to the stored HC vapors being drawn from AKF 26 via line 32 and via TEV 36 into intake manifold 10, so as finally to be supplied to BKM for combustion and thus to final disposal. During this process of regeneration of AKF 26, purge air 34 is drawn into AKF26 via line 30, and possibly via a passive filter, whereby the actual purging effect is effected.
For an onboard diagnosis of the operability or tightness of tank 14 or the entire tank system, a leakage diagnosis unit 40 is provided that is connected to tank 14 via a line 38. Leakage diagnosis unit 40 and control unit 18 may be integrated into a single control unit (not shown). Leakage diagnosis unit 40 has a pump 42, which has a switching valve 44 connected upstream of it. A reference leak 46 is situated parallel to line 38. The magnitude of reference leak 46 is selected so that it corresponds to the magnitude of the tank leak that is to be recorded. Switch-over valve 44 has two switch settings. In the first setting, pump 42 is connected to line 48 in a pressure-conducting manner, and then pumps external air 50 all the way through reference leak 46 into line 48. A micro-filter 52 is connected upstream of reference leak 46 towards the outside so as to prevent reference leak 46 becoming blocked by particles possibly drawn in.
The onboard diagnosis named is discussed in detail, for example, in DE 196 36 431.0, to which reference is made and which is incorporated by reference as necessary.
The premise on which the exemplary method is based will now be shown in the light of FIG. 2. This is made up of a balance calculation which is based on the premise that a fluid level that sets in in the AKF with respect to loading depends, on the HC quantity which is removed from the AKF via the purge stream of the tank ventilation, and on the HC quantity which is supplied to the AKF by the degassing of the fuel. The time characteristic during the transition from the one to the other fluid level on account of a changed degassing or purging quantity depends, in turn, on the adsorption capacity of the AKF.
If, over a certain time span, more HC is removed from the AKF than flows in from the tank, then its fluid level decreases. If, over a certain time span, less HC mass is removed than flows in from the tank, then its fluid level increases. If removal via the tank ventilation and supply from the tank are approximately in balance, then the fluid level also remains nearly constant.
Consequently, as the balance equation one may write:
The loading factor ‘ftead’ required for the balance calculation mentioned is already available as the calculated magnitude in the tank ventilation function.
The HC quantity removed from the AKF via the purge stream is calculated as exactly as possible. For that purpose, the mixture deviations mentioned, which do not originate from the purge stream of the tank ventilation, are avoided. As in the example, this may occur by waiting until the mixture adaptation has built up. From the fuel calculated in the load recording and required for combustion, and the mixture correction factors from the lambda regulation and the tank ventilating function, the HC mass removed from the AKF via the tank ventilation is calculated in this context and integrated over time.
If a calculation is not possible, the exemplary method is continued with using above-named step 114. Optionally, the further procedure can be made dependent on the mixture adaptation having already built up and there is a mixture deviation. This may be implemented by corresponding flags at steps 112 and 118. If this is the case, the HC mass removed from the AKF is calculated 124, taking under consideration the recorded mixture correction factors 120, as well as the AKF loading factor ‘ftead’ 126, that has changed in the meantime, and the predefined AKF storage capacity or storage characteristics 128.
The calculated values of the removed HC mass are subsequently integrated over time 130, the instantaneous time calculated by timer 104 in each case being taken as the total time.
In the exemplary embodiment, loading factor 126 is additionally strongly lowpass-filtered to record the instantaneous “AKF liquid level”, under the assumption that the actual AKF loading changes only slowly over time. Alternatively, the liquid level may be recorded only at sufficiently constant operating conditions. This should at least better ensure independence from travel-dynamic influences.
The storage capacity of the AKF as well as its “characteristics”, i.e. the HC release versus fluid level, and possibly also the dependence of further parameters, such as temperature, or the like, are available, so that using loading factor 126 one may conclude what the AKF fluid level is.
Thereafter, the HC mass supplied to the AKF is calculated from the balance equation (
It should be emphasized that the function cycle shown may, as a rule, run through several times, as indicated by broken line 136, and the values ascertained in each case of the HC mass removed from the AKF are integrated in each case, in this context. In this context, temporal interruptions do not make any difference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 101 26 521 | May 2001 | DE | national |
| 101 41 600 | Aug 2001 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE02/01967 | 5/28/2002 | WO | 00 | 9/1/2004 |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5349935 | Mezger et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5396873 | Yamanaka et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 196 25 702 | Jan 1998 | DE |
| 196 36 431 | Mar 1998 | DE |
| 198 09 384 | Sep 1999 | DE |
| 0 750 108 | Dec 1996 | EP |
| 07 042631 | Jun 1995 | JP |
| 09 177617 | Nov 1997 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050005682 A1 | Jan 2005 | US |
