Patent Application
20050236234
The present invention relates to a method of testing the functional reliability of parts subject to wear and/or functional parts, whose position can change, of a disc brake, as well as to a system for implementing the method.
For many different reasons, it is known to continuously monitor the wear condition of a disc brake so that any necessary maintenance takes place at the best possible point in time. In this case, the wear condition of the brake pads and, under certain circumstances, of the brake disc should be diagnosed as precisely as possible.
As a result, it is to be achieved that the maintenance does not take place too early; that is, when the parts subject to wear, such as the brake pads and the brake disc, are still functionally reliable, whereby costs can be optimized.
On the other hand, the maintenance should not be carried out too late; that is, when an acceptable wear has already been exceeded. In this case, the functional reliability of the disc brake would no longer be adequate.
Furthermore, the wear condition of the brake pads or of the brake disc is required as an actuating variable for a frequently used EBS (electronic braking system), so that a precise testing of the functional reliability of the relevant parts is absolutely necessary.
Different methods and systems, respectively, are known for testing the functional reliability of parts subject to wear, whose position can be changed, or components thereof. Such methods and systems, however, are all not suitable for achieving an optimized monitoring of the wear or testing of the functional reliability.
Thus, it is known to carry out a continuous wear indication in a summarizing manner for both brake pads by the use of a potentiometer. A so-called black/white display also has a summarizing effect for both brake pads. Finally, wear clips are used in the prior art, which clips are integrated in the brake pads and permit a final wear indicated individually for each brake pad; thus, no continuous wear indication.
A continuous monitoring of the wear of the two brake pads individually as well as, under certain circumstances, of the brake disc, has not been possible so far. This is required, however, in order to achieve an improvement of vehicle diagnostics; for example, for detecting malfunctioning, such as a non-uniform wear.
A detection of the necessity of exchanging the brake disc cannot be achieved through the use of the known testing methods. This also applies to other functional parts, for example, to detecting disturbances of adjusting functions as carried out by adjusting devices.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to further develop a method of the above-mentioned type such that an optimized testing for functional reliability of parts subject to wear, as well as of functional parts, can be achieved.
This object is achieved by a method of testing the functional reliability of parts subject to wear and/or functional parts, whose position can be changed, of a particularly pneumatically or electromechanically operable disc brake, particularly for a commercial vehicle, wherein signals which can be reflected by a transmitter are sent to the functional part to be tested, the reflected signals are received by a receiver, and the determined actual values are compared with desired values and are analyzed. A system for implementing the method characterized in that a transmitter emitting reflectable signals and a receiver receiving the reflected signals are provided on a disc brake or on component adjacents thereto, which transmitter and receiver are in an operative connection with an electronic analyzing system.
By using reflectable signals, such as ultrasound or laser beams, which are emitted by a transmitter arranged stationarily with respect to the parts subject to wear and the functional parts, position changes, for example, of the parts subject to wear can be determined. The position change in the case of parts subject to wear, for example, of the disc brake or the brake pads, is a result of the wear-caused reduction of their thickness at which the respective effective surface changes in its position, while the deviation from a known position change of functional parts may indicate disturbances.
Such a disturbance-caused deviation of a desired position change can be determined, for example, when testing the sequence of motion of a bridge of a brake application device. The position of the bridge before and after the application of the brake at a defined actuating force, which exists as a parameter, is determined by the transmitter and receiver or an analyzing unit.
The path of the bridge is composed of the release play and an elastic deformation of corresponding brake components (caliper and brake pads), the elastic deformation extending linearly proportional to the actuating force, so that it can be precisely determined.
If the path of the bridge during the actuation of the brake with a certain force exceeds or falls below the computed desired values, this permits the conclusion that the release play is too large or too small, whereby disturbances of the adjusting function can be determined in time. Thus, safety risks leading to an overheating resulting from a play between the brake disc and the brake pads which is too large or from a play which is too small can be avoided.
The above-mentioned use is to be considered as an example, since in this manner the checking of the movement sequences of different relevant parts of the disc brake can be achieved.
For example, if the release play is to be monitored, a testing of the parameters resulting from the comparison between the desired value and the actual value also before and during a braking is contemplated. However, in this case, not every braking operation has to be considered. On the contrary, measurements can take place periodically; for example, a first braking after the engine has been started or, for example, every 30th braking after the engine has been started, at operating the temperature.
Also, when only the thickness of the brake pads and/or of the brake disc is determined, the testing can take place periodically.
The testing of the parts subject to wear and/or the functional parts takes place such that, during the vehicle operation, the transmitter permanently emits a signal which is partially reflected by each existing partition gap or its dimensions. The reflected signals—sound waves in the case of the ultrasonic transmitter—are received by the receiver. On the basis of the different paths covered by the individual reflected signals and the resulting different propagation times situated between the transmitting and receiving points in time, the thickness of the brake pads and of the brake disc is continuously determined by the use of an electronic analyzing system. The desired value is defined by the value which, in practice, is present in the unused, thus new condition, of the brake disc and of the brake pads, respectively.
Depending on the wear of the brake pads or of the brake disc, the propagation time of the reflected signal also changes, wherein comparison with the desired value indicates the reduction of the brake pads or of the brake disc. When a desired-actual value difference is reached or exceeded, an additional indication can take place by which it is pointed out that an exchange of the parts subject to wear is required.
Furthermore, the method according to the invention makes it possible that a non-uniform wear of the parts subject to wear is detected in time. Likewise, information can be obtained, for example, concerning a possible malfunctioning of the brake, for example, caused by a jamming of the caliper guides. For a measuring of the cumulative wear described with respect to the prior art, an additional safety factor covering a possible non-uniform wear has to be factored in for the brake pads, such that the information to exchange the brake pads comes too early when the wear is the uniform. By contrast, the method according to the invention, as mentioned above, offers the possibility of individually determining the wear of each brake pad. In the case of a uniform wear, the time period of functional reliability, that is, the service life of the brake pads, is therefore increased.
Furthermore, the possibility exists of utilizing the signals for controlling an electronic braking system (EBS), preferably in the course of a signal analysis.
A system for implementing the method is constructed such that a transmitter emitting reflectable signals and a receiver receiving the reflected signals are provided on a disc brake, or on components adjacent thereto, which transmitter and receiver are in an operative connection with an electronic analyzing system.
The transmitter, as well as the receiver, can be stationarily positioned with respect to the functional parts to be tested, which parts change in their position as a result of wear or disturbances, so that a relative distance change occurs in the event of wear or of a disturbance. However, it is also contemplated that the transmitter and the receiver are fastened to supporting parts, whose position can be changed, for example, to brake pad supports.
According to advantageous further developments of the invention, it is provided that the transmitter and the receiver, respectively, are constructed as an ultrasonic or laser transmitter and as an ultrasonic or laser receiver, respectively.
Furthermore, the transmitter and the receiver can be provided as a constructional unit, which results in particularly simple mounting and demounting. In addition, the constructional combination of the transmitter and the receiver permits a particularly effective protection against external influences, such as dirt and the like.
The constructional unit can be placed inside the disc brake as well as outside.
Additional advantageous developments of the invention are described and claimed herein.
In the following, embodiments of the invention are described in conjunction with the attached drawings.
As further illustrated in
A brake application device provided with reference number 4 has two parallel pressure pieces 8, which pressure pieces 8 rest against one of the two brake pads 5.
The function of the brake application device is known, for example, from European Patent document EP 566 006, so that a corresponding description is not necessary.
The two pressure pieces 8 are mutually connected by a bridge 7, whose position can be changed. The bridge 7 extends inside the caliper 2 essentially parallel to the axis of rotation of the brake disc 1 and is displaceably disposed in this plane.
The transmitter/receiver unit 10 (or the ultrasonic transmitter 11 and the ultrasonic receiver 12) are stationarily installed with respect to the brake disc 1 and the brake pad support plates 9.
During operation, the ultrasonic transmitter 11 emits a reflectable signal, which is partially reflected by the partition gaps between the brake pads 5 and the brake disc 1. The reflected signals are received by the ultrasonic receiver 12. Because of the different paths, the propagation times of the individually reflected beams change corresponding to a wear-caused reduction of the brake pads 5 and/or of the brake disc 1.
By using an electronic analyzing system, which is in an operative connection with the transmitter/receiver unit 10, in conjunction with the determined parameters, a wear of each brake pad 5 and of the brake disc 1 can be determined by an actual and desired value comparison.
The embodiment illustrated in
The selected placement of the transmitter/receiver unit 10 also permits the checking of movement sequences of selected interior parts, for example, of the bridge 7 illustrated in
By using the transmitter/receiver unit 10, the position of the bridge 7 before and after an application is measured at a defined actuating force, the air pressure in the pressure cylinder being used as a parameter.
The displacement path of the bridge 7 is composed of the release play and of the elastic deformation of the brake components, mainly of the caliper 2 and of the brake pads 5. The elastic deformation takes place linearly proportional to the actuating force, so that it can be precisely determined by a pressure measurement.
When the movement path of the bridge 7 during actuation of the brake at a defined force exceeds or falls below the defined values, this is the result of a release play which is too large or too small, so that disturbances of the adjusting function are detected in time and can be eliminated.
For monitoring a cumulative wear, at which the wear of the two brake pads 5 and of the brake disc 1 is determined as a whole, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7, a transmitter/receiver unit 13 is provided which consists of a laser transmitter 14 and of a laser receiver 15. The unit is fastened to a brake pad support plate 9, whose position can be changed. In this case, the laser transmitter 14 and the laser receiver 15 can definitely also be constructed separately, thus, not as a unit.
For determining or monitoring the wear, a path measurement to the opposite brake pad support plate 9 is carried out, corresponding information being supplied when a minimum route has been reached, which minimum route is defined as the desired value. An electronic analyzing system is also provided for analyzing the measured values.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102 11 813.2 | Mar 2002 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP03/02588 | 3/13/2003 | WO | 6/20/2005 |
