Patent Application
20070074643
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for the regulated feed of pulverized fuel for pressurized gasification in an entrained flow gasifier, and a device for implementing the method.
Pulverized fuel means coals of highly varied degrees of carbonization pulverized to the fineness of dust, such as bituminous coals and lignites, pulverized biomasses, cokes produced by thermal pretreatment including petroleum coke but also combustible residues and wastes from industry, domestic sources, and business trades that can be pulverized.
2. The Prior Art
Methods for pressurized gasification of dust-like fuels are known, in which the dust is fed through a pressurized sluice tank to a metering tank at gasification pressure, from which the pulverized fuel is fed through transport lines to the burner of the gasification reactor as a dust-carrier gas suspension with high loading densities between 250 and 450 kg/m3. Entrained flow gasifiers, gasifiers for dust-like fuels, and direct-feed tuyeres for blast furnaces are considered to be gasification reactors.
Any reducing and neutral gases that are free of condensable constituents, for example such as water vapor, and whose content of free oxygen is <6 vol. %, can be used as pressurizing gases for the pressurized sluices. German Patent No. DE-OS 26 54 662, Czech Republic Patent No. CZ 254104, Soviet Union Patent No. SU 170 2183 A1, and German Patent No. DE 2834208 C2 may be mentioned here. A problem with this technology is that the amount of dust flowing per unit time must be constant in order to be able to perform reliably in the necessary temperature range for the process of gasification that occurs with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen. In particular, the discontinuous loading of the metering tank from the pressurized sluices produces pressure fluctuations that have adverse effects on the pressure differential that serves as the driving force for conveying between the metering tank and the burners of the gasification reactor.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for the constant infeed of pulverized fuel, with which fluctuations of pressure differentials between the metering tank and burners of the gasification reactor can be compensated.
This object is accomplished by a method for metering and feeding pulverized fuels under pressure into a gasification reactor or another component, wherein the pulverized fuel is fed alternately from an operational bunker through pressurized sluices to a metering tank, in the bottom of which a dense fluidized bed is formed by feeding in fluidizing gas through a turbulence plate. Immersed horizontally or vertically in the fluidized bed are transport pipes by which the pulverized fuel is fed continuously through burners to a pressurized user, for example a gasification reactor. An auxiliary gas is introduced into the transport line to control pressure differentials between the metering tank and the user, for example the gasification reactor. To determine how much auxiliary gas must be introduced, the dust flow is measured in the transport line between the metering tank and the gasification reactor, and the necessary amount of auxiliary gas is set by instruments with reference to the value obtained. The stream of auxiliary gas is preferably fed in near the inlet of each transport line. It is beneficial to place another auxiliary gas inlet and outlet in the metering tank above the pulverized fuel bed. To do this, appropriate auxiliary gas lines and instruments are connected to the metering tank.
It is also beneficial to regulate the flow velocity of the dust stream in the transport lines within the range of 2 to 8 m/s. It is possible to introduce this technology of pulverized fuel infeed to other components also, for example to the tuyeres of a blast furnace, since reactions similar to those in a gasification reactor take place there.
The invention has the advantage that fluctuations of the pressure differential between the metering tank and burners of the gasification reactor serving as the driving force for dust flow can be compensated by auxiliary gas infeeds to the transport lines and auxiliary gas inlets and outlets to and from the head space of the metering tank, and thus a constant dust flow rate can be assured. The transport lines leading into the bottom of the metering tank can be positioned horizontally or vertically, from above or below.
The infeed of auxiliary gas opens up the ability to maintain metering accuracy with fluctuations of the filled level. One or more transport lines can be put in place for the dust stream. The pressure in the transport lines can be between 1 and 60 bar. The diameter of the transport lines can be varied between 10 and 70 mm, depending on the transport output. The pulverized fuel can also be supplied to users other than a gasification reactor, for example the tuyeres of a blast furnace.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed as an illustration only and not as a definition of the limits of the invention.
In the drawings, wherein similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views:
Referring now in detail to the drawings,
An entrained flow gasifier (not shown) is operated under a pressure of 40 bar with an output of 500 MW. For this purpose, bituminous coal dust brought to a grain size of <200 μm is fed in at a rate of 90 Mg/h. The pulverized fuel is first fed to an operational bunker 1 through the transport line 1.1 by normal conveyance at low concentration, with the amount supplied being regulated in the level control 1.3. The transport gas is filtered in the filter 1.2 and released to the atmosphere or recompressed and again utilized for conveyance. Since the gasification reactor 4 is operated at 40 bar, the pulverized fuel has to be brought to this pressure. To do this, pressure sluices 2 are loaded alternately with dust and pressurized with inert gas through the lines 2.3. Level regulators 2.2 prevent overfilling. The fittings 2.1 provide pressure-tight blocking toward the operational bunker 1. When the level in the metering tank 3 has dropped to a minimum value, it is replenished from pressurized sluices, 2. The fittings 2.5 are opened to do this. After pressurized sluices 2 are emptied, they are depressurized to atmospheric pressure through 2.4 and are again filled. Depending on the amount of dust to be transported, there can be one or more pressurized sluices 2. A pressurized star feeder 2.6 can be placed between pressurized sluices 2 and metering tank 3 to slow down the flow of dust. Replenishment into metering tank 3 is regulated by level control 3.11. The pressurized sluices 2 are replenished with pulverized fuel from bunker 1 three times every hour, while metering tank 3 is replenished 6 times every hour with 2 pressurized sluices, with 15 Mg being transported each time. The dust transport line 3.3 extends vertically into the bottom of metering tank 3, in which a very dense fluidized bed 3.8 with densities up to 450 kg/m3 is produced through a turbulence plate 3.6 by feeding in fluidizing gas 3.2. When a pressure differential is applied between metering tank 3 and the gasification reactor 4, the pulverized fuel-in-gas suspension controlled by 3.5 flows through the transport line 3.3 to the gasification reactor 4.
According to
Accordingly, while only a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is obvious that many changes and modifications may be made thereunto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2005 047 583.3 | Oct 2005 | DE | national |
