Patent Application
20140044118
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method of transmitting a signal for synchronization and apparatus therefor.
The wireless local area network (hereinafter abbreviated WLAN) technology standard was established by IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 standardization. IEEE 802.11a/b in IEEE 802.11 standard uses a band on 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz and provides a data rate of 11 Mbps (IEEE 802.11b) or 54 Mbps (IEEE 802.11a). IEEE 802.11g applies OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) to provide a data rate of 54 Mbps. IEEE 802.11n applies MIMO-OFDM scheme to provide a data rate of 300 Mbps. The IEEE 802.11n uses maximum 40 MHz channel bandwidth to provide a data rate of maximum 600 Mbps.
As the pool of WLAN expands and WLAN-adopted applications are diversified, the demand for a new WLAN system supportive of performance higher than that supported by 802.11n standard is increasingly rising. VHF (very high frequency) WLAN system is one of IEEE 802.11 WLAN systems recently proposed to support a data processing speed of 1 Gbps or higher. For the standardization of VHT WLAN system, many ongoing efforts are made to research and develop such a scheme as PLCP (physical layer convergence procedure) format and the like to efficiently support 8×8 MIMO, channel bandwidths of 80 MHz or higher and coexistence of stations (e.g., VHT-STA, HT-STA, Legacy-STA, etc.) by IEEE 802.11 ac Work Group.
Moreover, ongoing standardization of regulating WLAN on TV idle band (i.e., white space) is made into 802.11af. The TV idle band (white space) includes a channel assigned to a broadcast channel allowed to be used by a licensed wireless device and mainly means a band between 512˜698 MHz.
One object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently transmitting a synchronization signal in a wireless communication system mentioned in the foregoing description.
Technical tasks obtainable from the present invention are non-limited by the above-mentioned technical tasks. And, other unmentioned technical tasks can be clearly understood from the following description by those having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.
To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described, a method of transmitting a signal, which is transmitted by an access point in a wireless communication system, according to a 1st embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of generating a frame for synchronizing a timer of a station associated with the access point and transmitting the frame for the synchronization, wherein the frame for the synchronization is transmitted before/after every target beacon transmission time.
Preferably, the frame for the synchronization may include a timestamp field indicating a value of a timer of the access point and an offset field indicating an offset amounting to a difference between the target beacon transmission time and a transmission time of the frame.
More preferably, the offset may be determined as a maximum clock error of the timer of the station, the maximum clock error may be calculated from a time information of a listen interval field transmitted when the station is associated with the access point, and the time information may include an interval for the station to awake to receive a beacon frame in power save mode.
Preferably, the frame for the synchronization may be transmitted to all stations associated with the access point.
More preferably, the method may further include the steps of receiving a request for the frame for the synchronization from the station and transmitting the frame for the synchronization in response to the request independently from the target beacon transmission time.
In this case, the method may further include the steps of comparing a maximum clock error, which is calculated from a time information included in the request, of the timer of the station to the offset and if the offset is smaller than the maximum clock error, resetting the offset to the maximum clock error, wherein the time information includes an interval for the station to awake to receive a beacon frame in power save mode.
Moreover, the frame for the synchronization in response to the request further may include a field indicating a transmission rate.
To further achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, an apparatus for transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system according to a 2nd embodiment of the present invention includes an RF (radio frequency) unit and a processor generating a frame for synchronizing a timer of a station associated with the apparatus, the processor transmitting the frame for the synchronization, wherein the frame for the synchronization is transmitted before/after every target beacon transmission time.
To further achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, a method of receiving a signal, which is received by a station in a wireless communication system, according to a 3rd embodiment of the present invention includes the step of receiving a frame for synchronizing a timer from an access point, wherein the frame for the synchronization is transmitted before/after every target beacon transmission time.
Preferably, the frame for the synchronization may include a timestamp field indicating a value of a timer of the access point and an offset field indicating an offset amounting to a difference between the target beacon transmission time and a transmission time of the frame.
More preferably, the offset may be determined as a maximum clock error of the timer of the station, the maximum clock error may be calculated from a time information of a listen interval field transmitted when the station is associated with the access point, and the time information may include an interval for the station to awake to receive a beacon frame in power save mode.
Preferably, the frame for the synchronization may be broadcasted to all stations associated with the access point.
More preferably, the method may further include the steps of transmitting a request for the frame for the synchronization to the access point and receiving the frame for the synchronization in response to the request independently from the target beacon transmission time.
In this case, a time information for the access point to calculate a maximum clock error of the timer of the station may be included in the request, wherein if the offset is smaller than the maximum clock error, the frame for the synchronization including the offset reset to the maximum clock error may be received, and the time information may include an interval for the station to awake to receive a beacon frame in power save mode.
Moreover, the frame for the synchronization in response to the request may further include a field indicating a transmission rate.
To further achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, an apparatus for receiving a signal in a wireless communication system according to a 4th embodiment of the present invention includes an RF (radio frequency) unit and a processor synchronizing a timer by receiving a frame for synchronizing the timer of the apparatus, wherein the frame for the synchronization is transmitted before/after every target beacon transmission time.
According to the present invention, even if a clock error is generated from a station, it is able to raise probability of receiving a beacon frame normally. Moreover, if a beacon frame is not received due to a clock error, the present invention can decrease a time taken to stay in awake state to receive the beacon frame, thereby considerably saving power consumption.
Effects obtainable from the present invention are non-limited by the above mentioned effect. And, other unmentioned effects can be clearly understood from the following description by those having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention.
First of all, the following embodiments correspond to combinations of elements and features of the present invention in prescribed forms. And, the respective elements or features may be considered as selective unless they are explicitly mentioned. Each of the elements or features can be implemented in a form failing to be combined with other elements or features. Moreover, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by combining elements and/or features together in part. A sequence of operations explained for each embodiment of the present invention may be modifiable. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or substituted with corresponding configurations or features of another embodiment.
Specific terminologies used for the following description may be provided to help the understanding of the present invention. And, the use of the specific terminology may be modified into another form within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
Occasionally, to prevent the present invention from getting vaguer, structures and/or devices known to the public may be skipped or represented as block diagrams centering on the core functions of the structures and/or devices. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts in this specification.
Embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the disclosed standard documents of at least one of wireless access systems including IEEE 802 system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE/LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) system and 3GPP2 system. In particular, the steps or parts, which are not explained to clearly reveal the technical idea of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the above documents. Moreover, all terminologies disclosed in this document may be supported by the above standard documents.
The following description of embodiments of the present invention may apply to various wireless access systems including CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) and the like. CDMA can be implemented with such a radio technology as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access), CDMA 2000 and the like. TDMA can be implemented with such a radio technology as GSM/GPRS/EDGE (Global System for Mobile communications)/General Packet Radio Service/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with such a radio technology as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA), etc. UTRA is a part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA. The 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in downlink (hereinafter abbreviated) DL and SC-FDMA in uplink (hereinafter abbreviated UL). And, LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. WiMAX may be explained by IEEE 802.16e specifications (e.g., WirelessMAN-OFDMA reference system) and advanced IEEE 802.16m specifications (e.g., WirelessMAN-OFDMA advanced system). For clarity, the following description mainly concerns IEEE 802.11 system, by which the technical idea of the present invention may be non-limited.
Referring to
A station (hereinafter abbreviated STA) is a random functional medium including a physical layer interface for medium access control (MAC) and a radio medium and includes both an access point (hereinafter abbreviated AP) and a non-AP STA in a broad sense. Among STAs, a mobile terminal manipulated by a user is a non-AP STA. If simply called an STA, it may indicate a non-AP STA. The non-AP STA can be called such a name as a terminal, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal, a mobile subscriber unit and the like. Stations may be sorted into VHT-STA, HT-STA and Legacy-STA. The HT-STA supports IEEE 802.11n, the Legacy-STA supports IEEE 802.11a/b/g corresponding to a previous version of IEEE 802.11n, and the VHT-STA supports 802.11af standard.
The AP is a functional medium that provides an STA associated with the corresponding AP with an access to a distribution system (DS) via a radio medium. The AP may be called such a name as a centralized controller, a base station (BS), a node-B, a base transceiver system (BTS) and a site controller and the like as well as an access point.
The DS (distribution system) is a mechanism for one AP to communicate with another AP. The AP can transmit a frame via DS for STAs combined with a BSS managed by the AP. And, the AP is able to deliver a frame via DS if a prescribed STA moves away into another BSS. Moreover, the AP can deliver a frame via DS to such an external network as a wired network and the like. It is not necessary for the DS to be a network. No limitation is put on a configuration of the DS if the DS can provide a prescribed distribution service stipulated in IEEE 802.11. For instance, the DS may include such a wireless network as a mesh network or may include a physical structure capable of connecting APs with each other.
The BSS may be classified into an infrastructure BSS and an independent BSS (IBSS).
The infrastructure BSS may include at least one non-AP STA, an AP capable of providing a DS, and a DS capable of connecting a multitude of APs. In the infrastructure BSS, an AP manages non-AP STAs of the BSS. In the infrastructure BSS, a communication between the non-AP STAs is basically performed via the AP. Yet, if a direct link is established, a direct communication can be performed between the non-AP STAs.
On the other hand, the independent BSS (IBSS) is a BSS operating in Ad-Hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity that performs a management function at a center. In particular, in the IBSS, non-AP STAs are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs can be configured with mobile STAs and an access to a DS is not allowed. Hence, a self-contained network is formed.
A plurality of infrastructure BSSs can be mutually connected via DS. A plurality of BSSs connected together via the DS are called an extended service set (hereinafter abbreviated ESS). STAs included in the ESS can communicate with each other. In the same ESS, a non-AP STA can move away from one BSS into another BSS while performing a seamless communication.
In the following description, embodiments of the present invention are explained mainly concerning an operation in the infrastructure BSS shown in
In the wireless communication system shown in
As an STA operates longer in sleep mode, a power consumption gets smaller. Hence, a durability or life of the STA increases. Yet, since frame transmission/reception is impossible in the sleep mode, the STA is unable to keep operating in the sleep mode. Hence, in order to find out that there is a frame supposed to be received by the STA, the STA periodically enters an active mode from the sleep mode and then receives a beacon frame from an AP.
The beacon frame is transmitted by the AP in a beacon interval corresponding to predetermined periodicity. In order to receive the beacon frame, the STA enters the active mode from the sleep mode by at least one beacon interval periodicity. The AP transmits the beacon frame based on an internal timer and the STA operates in the active mode to receive the beacon frame based on its internal timer. Hence, only if the timers of the AP and the STA are synchronized with each other, the STA enters the active mode and is then able to normally receive the beacon frame.
IEEE 802.11 standard provides a time synchronization function (hereinafter abbreviated TSF) to synchronize clocks of timers of STAs of one BSS. The TSF is performed in a manner that an AP informs the STAs of a value of its timer (hereinafter named a TSF timer) through a timestamp field. Having received the value, the STA is synchronized with the AP in a manner of recalibrating its timestamp with reference to the timestamp of the AP. In this case, the timestamp has 8-octect length and is incremented by 1 on every lapse of 1 μsec.
A method for an AP to transmit its timer, as shown in
According to a 1st method, a probe response frame is used. Referring to
According to a 2nd method, a beacon frame is used. Referring to
Meanwhile, since the above-configured wireless communication system mainly considers a burst traffic, it is unnecessary to set a long sleep mode. Hence, although a small error exists between AP and STA TSF timers, it is not a problem because the STA can synchronize the TSF timer after receiving a beacon frame.
Yet, the types of traffics tend to be diversified. Particularly, in case of M2M (machine-to-machine) and ubiquitous sensor network (USN), a traffic is transmitted once in several hours. So, each STA using such traffic has a sleep mode set long to considerably reduce power consumption.
If an operation is performed for a long time in sleep mode, a TSF timer of an STA may have a big difference from that of an AP due to a clock error caused by clock drift. In particular, a clock error is currently determined as 0.01% or less in IEEE 802.11 standard. Assuming that an STA awakes once in an hour to receive a beacon frame, the clock error may amount to maximum 360 msec.
If the STA enters an active mode from a sleep mode after a target beacon transmission time (hereinafter abbreviated TBTT) scheduled to transmit a beacon frame, it may miss the beacon frame because of the above-mentioned clock error. On the contrary, if the STA operates in active mode before TBTT, it wastes a power unnecessarily while waiting for a beacon frame reception. This is described in detail with reference to
Referring to
In particular, it is difficult to efficiently synchronize a TSF timer of an STA having a long sleep mode and a TSF timer of an AP with each other using a current TSF (time synchronization function). Therefore, the demand for a method of efficiently synchronizing clock of TSF timer between AP and STAs instead of an existing TSF is rising.
Referring to
In particular, the TSF broadcast frame indicates that it is transmitted at a prescribed time before/after TBTT.
The TSF broadcast offset field indicates a relationship between the TSF broadcast frame transmitted time and the TBTT. In particular, the TSF broadcast offset field includes an offset that is a difference between the TBTT and the TSF broadcast frame transmitted time. The STA uses the TSF broadcast offset to check how far the TBTT is temporally spaced apart from a currently received TSF broadcast frame.
In this case, the offset may be determined in consideration of a maximum error the TSF timer can have for a sleep mode time of the STA. In particular, as mentioned in the foregoing description, since a clock error of a TSF timer is maximum 0.01% in IEEE 802.11, if periodicity for the STA to enter an active mode from a sleep mode is obtained, it is able to determine a maximum error and an offset. In doing so, the periodicity for the STA to enter an active mode from a sleep mode can be obtained from a listen interval field transmitted when the STA is connected to the AP.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
STA 2 enters an active mode after the TBTT and then fails in receiving a beacon frame. Yet, the SAT 2 can synchronize a TSF timer through a TSF broadcast frame transmitted after the TBTT. The STA 2 recognizes that it has entered the active mode after the TBTT through a TSF broadcast offset of the TSF broadcast frame, operates in sleep mode, and then awakes on a next TBTT.
Thus, even if STA fails in receiving a beacon frame due to an error of a TSF timer, it is able to synchronize a TSF timer with a TSF timer of AP through a TSF broadcast frame. Hence, since the STA can operate in sleep mode instead of staying in active mode due to the failure in receiving the beacon frame, it is able to reduce power consumption. Moreover, since the TSF broadcast frame has a frame size smaller than that of the beacon frame and can be transmitted at a rage higher than that of the beacon frame, its network overhead is not large considerably.
A frame for synchronization may be transmitted in response to a request made by an STA.
The TSF broadcast request frame includes a sleep interval field of the STA. In this case, the sleep interval field indicates that the STA receives a beacon frame by awaking in prescribed periodicity. And, a unit of the sleep interval field is a beacon period. Through this information, the AP can calculate a maximum clock error that can be retained by the STA. Considering this value, the STA determines how much offset will be set for the TSF broadcast frame with reference to the beacon frame.
For instance, if a value of a sleep interval field of the STA is 10 minutes currently, a maximum clock error is 60 msec in consideration of an error provided by IEEE 802.11 standard. The AP checks an offset of a currently used TSF broadcast frame. If the offset is smaller than 60 msec, the AP newly creates a TSF broadcast frame having an offset of 60 msec. If a TSF broadcast frame having an offset greater than 60 msec exists already, the AP can use the offset included in the corresponding TSF broadcast frame as it is.
A TSF broadcast response frame can be configured as shown in
The above-mentioned TSF broadcast frame can be transmitted before or after each TBTT. If an STA is aware of the information included in each TSF broadcast frame, the STA can adjust a sleep interval by itself. If the STA intends to increase a sleep interval due to shortage of its battery power, the STA checks informations of a currently transmitted TSF broadcast frame and is then able to adjust the sleep interval into a sleep interval value in consideration of an error of its own.
Although the broadcast manner is used in the case of the 1st embodiment, synchronization may be used in a unicast manner, which is explained in the following description of a 2nd embodiment.
Referring to
Table 1 shows a TSF request frame format. Since the TSF request frame format simply requests a timestamp, a special element is unnecessary. In brief, regarding Category field and Dialog Token field, as defined in IEEE 802.11 standard, the Category field indicates a category of a current action field. The Dialog Token field is the field used to match a response to a specific request. In particular, a request frame uses a random value and a response frame in response to this request frame uses the same value used by the request frame. If TSF Action field is set to 0, it can be refined as a TSF request. If TSF Action field is set to 1, it can be refined as a TSF response.
Table 2 shows a TSF response frame format. A timestamp is delivered to an STA by being contained in the TSF response frame. Details of the respective fields of this format can refer to the former description of the 1st embodiment.
Referring to
Meanwhile, STA 2 enters an active mode after the TBTT. Like the case of the STA 1, since a beacon frame is not transmitted on an expected time, the STA 2 recognizes that a TSF timer of the STA 2 has an error with the AP. Hence, the STA 2 makes a request for a TSF request frame to the AP, receives a TSF response frame, and is then able to synchronize the TSF timer with that of the AP.
Although the case of the above-mentioned 2nd embodiment may look similar to the probe request and response frames defined in IEEE 802.11 standard, there are differences in-between as follows.
First of all, overhead is smaller than that of the probe request and response frames. Since the object of the probe request and response frames is scanning, information of a requesting STA and information on a BSS are contained. Yet, theses informations are unnecessary for an STA associated after performing the scanning. On the contrary, since time stamp information is only contained in TSF request/response frame, it is more efficient.
Secondly, the probe request/response frame always has a lowest transmission rate. Yet, since a TSF request/response can use a transmission rate higher than the lowest transmission rate, a time necessary for a transmission is small. This can reduce power consumption.
Thirdly, since a probe request frame is basically transmitted through contention (or contending) after a random time, it costs a long delay time. On the contrary, since a TSF response frame is transmitted right after SIFS, an STA can synchronize a TSF timer in quick time and then operates in sleep mode, thereby reducing power consumption.
A layer of a physical interface protocol is performed by the processor 110. The processor 110 provides a control plane and a user plane. A function of each layer can be performed by the processor 110.
The memory 120 is electrically connected to the processor 110. And, operating systems, applications and general files can be stored in the memory 120.
If the device 100 is a user equipment, the display unit 140 can display various kinds of informations. And, the display unit 140 can be implemented using a well-known LCD (liquid crystal display), an OLED (organic light emitting diode) display and the like. The user interface unit 150 can be configured by being combined with such a well-known user interface as a keypad, a touchscreen and the like.
The RF unit 130 is electrically connected to the processor 110. The RF unit 130 transmits or receives a radio signal. The RF unit 130 may include a transmitting module and a receiving module. The transmitting module performs prescribed coding and modulation on a signal and/or data, which is to be externally transmitted by being scheduled by the processor 110, and is then able to deliver it to an antenna.
The receiving module reconstructs a radio signal externally received via an antenna into original data by performing decoding and demodulation on the radio signal and then delivers it to the processor 110.
Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using various means. For instance, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, firmware, software and/or any combinations thereof.
In case of the implementation by hardware, a method according to each embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by at least one selected from the group consisting of ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processor, controller, microcontroller, microprocessor and the like.
In case of the implementation by firmware or software, a method according to each embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by modules, procedures, and/or functions for performing the above-explained functions or operations. Software code is stored in a memory unit and is then drivable by a processor. The memory unit is provided within or outside the processor to exchange data with the processor through the various means known to the public.
As mentioned in the foregoing description, the detailed descriptions for the preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided to be implemented by those skilled in the art. While the present invention has been described and illustrated herein with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, those skilled in the art can combine and use the configurations disclosed in the embodiments mentioned in the foregoing description. Therefore, the present invention is non-limited by the embodiments disclosed herein but intends to give a broadest scope matching the principles and new features disclosed herein.
While the present invention has been described and illustrated herein with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention that come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. And, it is apparently understandable that an embodiment is configured by combining claims failing to have relation of explicit citation in the appended claims together or can be included as new claims by amendment after filing an application.
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and is applicable to synchronization of a station in particular.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR11/09500 | 12/9/2011 | WO | 00 | 10/23/2013 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61481223 | May 2011 | US | |
| 61481224 | May 2011 | US |
