The present invention relates to a method and a device for updating the position of an aircraft, in particular a transport airplane, during the flight of the latter.
From document FR-0,707,406, an updating device is known comprising means for calculating an updating bias and for adding such an updating bias to any new position of the aircraft. Such an updating bias illustrating a position error of the aircraft could be determined:
- either by the aircraft flying over a spot on the Earth, with the bias corresponding to the deviation between the position of the spot being flown over (stored in a database) and the current position of the aircraft while flying over;
- or by means of a radar, the bias corresponding to the deviation on a radar display between the position of a particular spot seen by the radar and the position of such a spot in a data base.
It is known that determining, updating and taking into account the position of an aircraft occur at the level of a set of systems in the aircraft, generally comprising a GADIRS (<<GPS Air data Inertial Reference System>>) type inertial and anemometric reference system and, connected to the latter, more specifically a FCGS (<<Flight Control Guidance System>>) type flight calculation system and a FMS (“Flight Management System”) type flight management system. Furthermore, in such a usual architecture, the flight management system generally comprises:
- a means for supplying a first consolidated GPIRS position of the aircraft, being determined from inertial data and data supplied by a satellite positioning system, including the GPS (“Global Positioning System”) type;
- an inertial and radio-navigation calculation means for supplying a second IR/Navaids position of the aircraft, being determined from inertial data and data supplied by radio-navigation means (VOR, DME, TACAN); and
- selection means for selecting one of said first and second positions, that will be taken into account as a position updated by said flight management system.
Generally, in such a usual architecture:
- the GPIRS position is updated at the level of the GADIRS system and the IR/Navaids position is updated at the level of the FMS system, which makes necessary implementing a complex interface (comprising a dating of data) between GADIRS and FMS systems, for exchanging updated positions;
- updating the position occurs via means for correcting the bias at the level of GADIRS and FMS systems;
- the FCGS system comprises means for subtracting the biasses from the updated GPIRS positions received from the GADIRS system, so as to avoid a position used by said FCGS system (that should be quite accurate) from being impacted by a bias taken into account by said GADIRS system; and
- only manual updates are provided (through flying over or using a radar) being triggered and managed by a crew member.
Such a usual architecture that seems complex and expensive is not fully satisfactory.
The present invention aims at overcoming such drawbacks. It relates to a simplified method for updating, during a flight, the position of an aircraft, in particular a military transport airplane.
To this end, according to this invention, said method wherein at the level of a flight management system:
- the following operations are performed:
- a first position of the aircraft is determined from inertial data and from data supplied by a satellite positioning system;
- through at least one inertial calculation and radio-navigation means, a second position of the aircraft is determined, from inertial data and from data supplied by radio-navigation means; and
- one of said first and second positions is selected, that will be taken into account as a position updated by said flight management system; and
- an updating system is provided being able to generate an updating position, is remarkable in that:
- there are integrated into said updating system simultaneously means for manually updating through flying over, means for manually updating through radar, and means for automatically updating at takeoff; and
- during an update implemented by said updating system:
- an updating position generated by said updating system during such an updating is supplied to said inertial calculation and radio-navigation means, for determining said second position, and
- as an updated position, the second position is selected thus determined by said inertial calculation and radio-navigation means using said updating position.
Thus, thanks to this invention, updating occurs only at the level of the flight management system, allowing to simplify the position updating architecture and to facilitate its integration into the aircraft. To this end, in particular:
- the complex interface (comprising a dating of data) existing between the GADIRS and FMS systems could be suppressed in the above mentioned usual architecture, and a simple interface could be provided, as the present invention does not provide any transfer of updated positions from the GADIRS system to the FMS system, the updating occurring in said FMS flight management system;
- as the updated position is generated by the inertial calculation and radio-navigation means by means of the updating position, and not from the correction of a bias (obtained from an updating position), the usual means for correcting the bias could be suppressed at the level of GADIRS and FMS systems, as well usual means for subtracting the bias at the level of the FCGS system; and
- updating is only implemented at the level of the flight management system.
Furthermore, the present invention also has the following advantages:
- an extended implementation is obtained, as this invention allows not only for manual updating (through flying over or through radar), but also for an automatic updating (during the takeoff);
- as updating occurs via an inertial calculation and radio-navigation means, and not via a bias calculation, a faster convergence is obtained on the position after a position updating and returning to a usual calculation performed by said inertial calculation and radio-navigation means; and
- the present invention has no impact on the systems of the aircraft using the GPIRS positions of the GADIRS system.
Furthermore, the present invention could be implemented on any type of aircraft and, in particular, on a civil or military transport airplane.
Advantageously, upon an aircraft take off, if the data supplied by the satellite positioning system are not available, an update of the position of the aircraft is automatically performed using said automatic updating means, and, as soon as the data supplied by the satellite positioning system are available again:
- a first position of the aircraft is again determined from said data supplied by the satellite positioning system; and
- one of said first and second positions is automatically selected again, that will be taken into account as a position updated by said flight management system.
Furthermore, in this case, advantageously, said second position is determined, on the one hand, from inertial data, and, on the other hand:
- from data supplied by the radio-navigation means, if such data are available; and
- otherwise, from the updating position.
Furthermore, advantageously, during a manual update performed by a crew member of the aircraft via manual updating means (through flying over or through radar), in addition to the calculation of the second position by means of the updating position and the selection of such a second position as the updated position, there is an automatic cancellation of the selection of the sensors other than inertial sensors, supplying data for determining a position of the aircraft. This represents an operational assistance for limiting the work load of a crew.
Moreover, in such a case, advantageously, for stopping the manual update, at least one sensor is manually selected, having its selection previously cancelled, and the data supplied by such a sensor are used for determining a position of the aircraft.
The present invention further relates to a device for updating the position of an aircraft, in particular a transport airplane, during the flight of the latter.
According to this invention, said updating device of the type comprising a flight management system, comprising:
- a first means for supplying a first position of the aircraft being determined from inertial data and from data supplied by a satellite positioning system;
- a second means corresponding to an inertial calculation and radio-navigation means, for supplying a second position of the aircraft being determined from inertial data and from data supplied by radio-navigation means;
- selection means for selecting one of said first and second positions, that will be taken into account as a position updated by said flight management system; and
- an updating system being able to generate an updating position,
is remarkable in that said updating system simultaneously integrates means for manually updating through flying over, means for manually updating through radar, and means for automatically updating at take off, in that the outlet of said updating system is connected to the inlet of said inertial calculation and radio-navigation means so that the latter uses, during an update implemented by said updating system, an updating position generated by said updating system for determining said second position as an updated position, and in that said flight management system further comprises controlling means compelling the selection means to select, during an update implemented by said updating system, the second position determined by said inertial calculation and radio-navigation means using said updating position.
Thus, thanks to this invention, an updating device is obtained having a particularly simple architecture. Such an updating device could be easily achieved and easily integrated into the aircraft, as it is only involved at the level of the flight management system (and no longer at the level of three GADIRS, FMS and FCGS systems as in a usual architecture).
Such a new architecture of an updating device is particularly well adapted for a military transport airplane, requiring particularly accurate position information.
In a particular embodiment, said automatic updating means are formed so as to automatically update the position of the aircraft, if the data supplied by a satellite positioning system are not available while said aircraft is taking off, and said device further comprises auxiliary means for selecting, again, automatically, one of said first and second positions, that will be taken into account as a position updated by said flight management system, as soon as the data supplied by the satellite positioning system is again available.
Furthermore, in another embodiment, said device further comprises means for automatically cancelling the selection of sensors other than inertial sensors, supplying data for determining a position of the aircraft, during a manual update performed by a crew member of the aircraft by means of said manual updating means.
The present invention further relates to a set of aircraft systems, more specifically comprising:
- an inertial and anemometric reference system;
- a flight calculation system; and
- a flight management system, corresponding to the above mentioned device according to this invention.
Moreover, the present invention further relates an aircraft, more particularly a transport airplane, comprising such a device or such a set of systems.
The single FIGURE of the appended drawing will better explain how this invention could be performed. Such a single FIGURE is a block diagram of an updating device according to this invention.
The device 1 according to this invention and schematically shown on the FIGURE is to be used for updating the position of an aircraft, more particularly of a not shown military transport airplane, during a flight of the latter.
Such a device 1 being on board the aircraft can be part of a set 2 of systems of the aircraft, such as shown on the FIGURE Such a set 2 more specifically comprises:
- a usual inertial and anemometric reference system 3 of the GADIRS (<<GPS Air Data Inertial Reference System>>) type. In a preferred embodiment, this system 3 comprises a plurality, preferably three, of inertial and anemometric reference units of the GADIRU (<<GPS Air Data Inertial Reference Unit>>) type not separately shown;
- a usual flight calculation system 4 of the FCGS (<<Flight Control Guidance System>>) type being connected via a link 5 to said system 3. In a preferred embodiment, this system 4 comprises a plurality, preferably two, of flight calculators of the FCGC (<<Flight Control Guidance Computer>>) type not separately shown;
- a flight management system 6 of the FMS (“Flight Management System”) type being connected via links 7 and 8 to said system 3. In a preferred embodiment, this system 6 comprises a plurality, preferably two, of flight management computers of the FMC (“Flight Management Computer”) type not separately shown; and
- a radio-navigation system 9 being connected via a link 10 to said system 6 and comprising at least one, but preferably a plurality of usual means, for example of the VOR (<<VHF Omnidirectional Range>>) type or DME (<<Distance Measuring Equipment>>) type or TACAN (<<Tactical Aerial Navigation>>) type generating and supplying in a usual way radio-navigation data.
Moreover, said inertial and anemometric reference system 3 more specifically comprises:
- usual means 11 for generating and supplying in a usual way inertial data of the aircraft; and
- usual means 12 for generating and supplying in a usual way a hybrid position of the aircraft, from inertial data received from means 11 and from data supplied by at least one (not shown) sensor being associated with a satellite positioning system, including of the GPS (“Global Positioning System”) type.
Furthermore, said flight management system 6 comprises:
- means 13 for supplying a GPIRS position of the aircraft. Such a GPIRS position is a consolidated position being determined from hybrid positions received from means 12, respectively from the different inertial and anemometric reference units of the system 3. Such hybrid positions are thus determined from inertial data and from data supplied by a satellite positioning system;
- inertial calculation and radio-navigation means 14 for determining at least one IR/Navaids position of the aircraft, from inertial data received from means 11 via the link 8, and from radio-navigation data received from the means 9 via the link 10. Generally, said means 14 determine three IR/Navaids positions issued from three Kalman filters, combining each one of the three inertial data. A usual signal selection means 15 is connected to the outlet of said means 14 via a link 16; and
- selection means 17 for selecting one of said GPIRS and IR/Navaids positions respectively received via links 18 and 19. Said selection means 17 usually select the most accurate position, in particular through quality information being associated with the position data being used. The thus selected position is submitted to a smoothing treatment using a usual means 20 (being connected to said selection means 17 via a link 21). It is then taken into account as a position updated by said flight management system 6, being directly used by said system 6 and/or being transmitted via a link 22 to a user device (not shown).
According to this invention, the updating device 1 comprises said flight management system 6 further comprising an updating system 24. Moreover, according to the invention:
- this updating system 24 simultaneously integrates manual updating means through flying over, means for manually updating through radar and means for automatically updating at take off, not individually shown;
- the outlet of said updating system 24 is connected, via a link 25, to the inlet of said inertial calculation and radio-navigation means 14 so that the latter uses, during an update implemented by said updating system 24, the updating position generated by said updating system 24 for determining a position of the aircraft; and
- said flight management system 6 further comprises controlling means 26 (connected to the system 24 via a link 27) compelling (via a link 28) the selection means 17 to select, during an update implemented by said updating system 24, the position determined by said inertial calculation and radio-navigation means 14 using the corresponding updating position.
Thus, thanks to this invention, updating occurs only at the level of the flight management system 6, allowing to simplify the position updating architecture and to facilitate its integration into the aircraft. More particularly:
- the complex interface (comprising a dating of data) existing between the systems 3 and 6 can be suppressed in a usual architecture, and a simple interface could be provided (illustrated by the links 7 and 8), as the present invention does not provide any more transfer of updated positions from the system 3 to the system 6, updating occurring in said flight management system 6; and
- as the updated position is generated by the inertial calculation and radio-navigation means 14 by means of an updating position, and is therefore not generated from the correction of a bias (obtained from an updating position), the usual means for correcting the bias existing at the level of systems 3 and 6 could be suppressed in a usual architecture, as well usual means for subtracting the bias existing at the level of the system 4 in the usual architecture.
Moreover, the updating device 1 according to the present invention has further the following advantages:
- an extended implementation, as said updating device 1 allows not only for manual updating (through flying over or through radar), but also for an automatic updating (during the takeoff);
- updating occurs via an inertial calculation and radio-navigation means 14 (and not via a bias calculation), a faster convergence is obtained on the position after a position update because such an updated position is normally more accurate and the return to a usual calculation is performed by said means 14; and
- no impact on the usual systems (CDS, HUD, ISIS, . . . ) of the aircraft using the GPIRS positions directly from the system in “back-up” mode.
In a particular embodiment to be used upon takeoff of the aircraft:
- the device 1 comprises means (not shown) for detecting whether the data supplied by the satellite positioning system are available or not, such data being used for determining a GPIRS position. Such means could further be reception means receiving a piece of information about the availability of appropriate usual means; and
- means for automatically updating the updating system 24 are formed so as to perform a usual automatic update of the position of the aircraft (at the time when the aircraft reaches the threshold of the takeoff runway, the position of which is known), if the data supplied by the satellite positioning system are not available (breakdown, masking, interference, etc.) upon said takeoff.
The device 1 further comprises auxiliary means (being, for example integrated into the selection means 17) for again automatically selecting a first position or a second position (determined respectively by means 13 and 14), that will be taken into account as the position updated by said flight management system 6, as soon as the data supplied by the satellite positioning system are again available. To this end, it is only necessary that data supplied by a single sensor (associated with said satellite positioning system) are again available.
Said second position is determined by means 14, on the one hand, from inertial data received from means 11, and on the other hand:
- from data supplied by the radio-navigation system 9, if such data are available; and
- otherwise, from the updating position (received from the updating system 24).
Moreover, in another embodiment relating to a manual update performed by a crew member of the aircraft using manual updating means (through flying over or through radar), said device 1 further comprises means for automatically cancelling (via a link 29) the selection of sensors (being, for example, part of means 3 and 9) other than inertial sensors, i.e. essentially GPS sensors and radio-navigation sensors, supplying data for determining a position of the aircraft. The link 29 could be connected to a selection means 30 selecting the available radio-navigation data.
In order to stop such a manual update, a crew member selects, again manually, in a usual way, at least one sensor, the selection of which has been preliminarily cancelled, and the device 1 then uses the data supplied by such a sensor for determining a position of the aircraft.
When a crew member has re-selected at least one sensor, the device 1 automatically calculates a position based on one of such selected sensors, as long as data regarding such a sensor are available. Otherwise, the updated position is maintained, but in an updated state. This is similar to automatic updating upon takeoff.
Furthermore, a crew member could suppress the last updated position, either by controlling a new update, or by selecting (more specifically via the system 6) a sensor being available for supplying data.
Consequently, thanks to this invention, an updating device 1 is obtained, having a particularly simple architecture. Such an updating device 1 could be achieved easily and readily integrated into the aircraft, as it is only involved at the level of the flight management system 6 (and no longer at the level of three systems 3, 4, and 6 as would be the case in a usual architecture). Such a new, accurate and simplified architecture of an updating device 1 is particularly well adapted for a military transport airplane.
Patent Application
20110251791
