Patent Application
20150164125
This invention relates to a method and an installation for making seaweed meal, in particular for human consumption. The method and installation can be used in the field of the farming and food industry.
In the prior art, a method for making seaweed meal (currently of the species “Ascophyllum nodosum”) comprises firstly the step of cutting the seaweed on the sea floor. The cut seaweed is then left in its natural environment, the Norwegian sea, at a temperature throughout the entire year of between 0° and 5° C. The seaweed is then harvested using nets and stored on a ship for being transferred to a processing factory.
When it reaches the factory, the seaweed is processed immediately.
In the factory the seaweed passes through a chopping machine comprising two rollers having spikes which, rotating, force the seaweed into special cavities. In this way the length of the seaweed is reduced, in such a way that it can be fed inside a mill, which reduces the dimensions so as to increase the efficiency of the subsequent desiccating operations.
The desiccating occurs inside a rotary drum desiccator using a flow of hot and dry air at a temperature of 500-550 C necessary for the complete removal of all the water contained in the seaweed processed previously.
The time for passing through the desiccator by the seaweed, necessary for the above-mentioned complete removal of all the water contained in the seaweed, is approximately 15-20 minutes.
The desiccated seaweed is subsequently ground by a further mill.
The prior art process described above can be penalising, given the high temperatures involved in the desiccating step, for the active components present in the seaweed, especially for the antioxidant and polyphenolic component, as well as for the vitamin components.
In this context, the technical purpose which forms the basis of this invention is to propose a method and an installation for making seaweed meal in such a way as to overcome the above mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
More specifically, the aim of this invention is to provide a method and an installation for making seaweed meal which is able to preserve the organoleptic properties of the seaweed.
The technical purpose indicated and the aims specified are substantially achieved by a method and an installation for making seaweed meal comprising the technical features described in one or more of the appended claims.
Further features and advantages of the present invention are more apparent from the non-limiting description which follows of a preferred, non-limiting embodiment of a method and an installation for making seaweed meal as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the numeral 1 schematically indicates an installation for making seaweed meal according to this invention. The installation 1 is dedicated to the execution of the method for making seaweed meal according to this invention.
This method comprises, before the seaweed enters the installation 1, a step of harvesting the seaweed.
More specifically, the harvesting of the seaweed, preferably of the species “Ascophyllum nodosum”, is performed by cutting. In more detail, the cutting is performed by using cutting bars, which are lowered into the water to a predetermined depth so as to remove only the apical part of the seaweed. The motion of the cutting bars is provided by suitable hydraulic movement means.
Advantageously, the harvesting by cutting, removing only the apical part of the seaweed, leaves the bush and the roots intact, allowing the subsequent regrowth. This regrowth occurs in the next three years allowing, as a further advantage, the same harvesting area to be used again after this period of time. Another advantage is due to the fact that this harvesting system, unlike the suction of the seaweed from the sea floor, guarantees a minimum or even zero presence of foreign bodies (sand, stones, etc.) in the raw material. Lastly, this method allows the complete regeneration of the entire ecosystem of the sea floor, and is therefore environmentally sustainable.
After the harvesting, the seaweed is transferred to the installation 1 for being processed. More in detail, the seaweed is unloaded and placed in bins, each of which is preferably able to contain approximately 500 kg. The bins are stored through a sliding door inside a dedicated refrigerating cell, made according to adequate heath standards.
The refrigerating cell has in particular an internal lining made from insulating panels preferably of polyurethane with concave mouldings. In more detail, the volume of the refrigerating cell is preferably 91 m3.
The refrigerating cell comprises a cooling system made preferably without the use of gas. The cooling system ensures a temperature of between 0° C. and 6° C. inside the refrigerating cell.
An evaporation system inside the refrigerating cell ensures the dehumidifying of the air inside the cell.
Advantageously, the storage under similar conditions considerably slows down the natural degradation of the seaweed, preserving the natural qualities for a longer time.
The processing of the seaweed proceeds with a chopping step, using a chopping device 2. For example, the chopping device 2 can comprise a pair of rollers equipped with spikes and facing each other. Moreover, cavities are made on the rollers. By rotating, the spikes of the rollers push the seaweed inside the cavities, so as to reduce the seaweed into pieces having a predetermined length.
After the chopping step, the pieces of seaweed are conveyed preferably by a conveyor belt into a cleaning device 3.
The cleaning device 3 comprises a further conveyor belt on which the seaweed is carried to the next apparatus. During transport the seaweed is struck by high pressure water coming from nozzles positioned above the conveyor belt so as to remove impurities and foreign bodies.
Advantageously, the cleaning step, performed by washing the seaweed in water, ensures the removal of the foreign bodies, including those small in size (such as, for example, sand). Moreover, the system subjects the seaweed to a low mechanical stress, contributing towards keeping unchanged the organoleptic properties of the seaweed.
The seaweed is then conveyed towards a desalination/deionization tank 5 or, alternatively, to the draining.
More specifically, the desalination tank 5 allows the content of salt and iodine in the final product to be reduced, if that is requested.
In more detail, following the cleaning, a mesh conveyor keeps the seaweed immersed inside the desalination tank 5. In more detail, the mesh conveyor belt immerses at an immersing side of the desalination tank 5. Moreover, the mesh conveyor belt emerges at an emerging side opposite the immersing side.
In further detail, the desalination tank 5 contains approximately 15 m3 of drinking water, which is constantly re-integrated in such a way as to maintain a difference in the saline concentration between the seaweed and the water. The water in excess is discharged through an opening positioned at a predetermined height.
The natural process of osmosis is accelerated by the constant movement of the water guaranteed by a circulating device with a high capacity of 2,000 litres per minute, agitating the water and, consequently, increasing the exchange between the water and the seaweed which is immersed. The water is drawn from the top of the desalination tank and reintroduced into the tank from above thorough sprinklers longitudinal with respect to the tank.
Lastly, at the emerging side a group of nozzles sprays the seaweed with low pressure water. In this way, the seaweed undergoes a last rinse with non-iodized water and, also, the water inside the desalination tank 5 is topped up.
The desalination tank 5 preferably has a desalinating/deionizing capacity equal to approximately 3,000 kg of seaweed in 4-6 hours. In more detail, the time of passing through the desalination tank 5 can vary depending on the quality of the seaweed introduced and the desired values of residual salt and iodine.
The seaweed at the outfeed from the desalination tank 5, or directly after the cleaning using a by-pass conveyor belt, is fed to the agitator means 6.
The means 6 for agitating the seaweed have the function of draining the seaweed and drying it of the surface washing water before the desiccating. The agitator means 6 act at low speed and at high pressure, in such a way as to remove the surface water from the seaweed.
More specifically, the drying is performed in a screw conveyor with a perforated casing with introduction of compressed air at a speed of rotation between 5 rpm and 60 rpm, preferably 15 rpm.
In more detail, the drying system comprises a rotary screw conveyor contained in a fixed cylinder. The cylinder has a surface having a plurality of slots in the first section and holes in the second section. Advantageously, the excess surface water is removed by mechanical action by the mixing generated by the rotation of the screw conveyor and by the particular internal shape of the cylinder. Furthermore, ventilation means, for example nozzles, are associated with the cylinder. Consequently, a flow of low pressure air strikes the inside of the cylinder, and in particular the seaweed located inside. The flow of air in the first section is greater than in the second section whilst the pressure is less in the first section and greater in the second section. In other words, during the drying step the seaweed is agitated and, at the same time, struck by the low pressure flow of air. This contributes towards making the draining more accurate. In further detail, the seaweed is struck transversely with a flow of air having a pressure of between 1 bar and 6 bar, and also having a temperature preferably between 5° C. and 20° C.
The cylinder has an infeed side and an outfeed side opposite the infeed side. More specifically, the outfeed side is positioned higher than the infeed side. In other words, the cylinder is positioned in such a way that the relative axis of rotation is significantly inclined towards the infeed side, opposing in this way the forward movement of the seaweed.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the agitator means 6 have a capacity of approximately 800-900 kg/h.
Advantageously, the low speed of rotation and the low pressure of the air blown inside the cylinder limit the stress of the seaweed, thus guaranteeing the preservation of its organoleptic properties.
A mincer 10 enters into operation on the seaweed at the outfeed of the agitator means 6, in particular from the cylinder.
More specifically, the mincing of the seaweed occurs between the drying step and a subsequent desiccating step. This mincing step is accompanied by a step for dehydrating the seaweed, performed in a vacuum and at a low temperature, more specifically below 60° C.
In more detail, the mincer 10 comprises a drum (not illustrated), preferably having a capacity of 250 litres. The drum has an upper opening through which the seaweed is inserted. The upper opening can be closed by a cover. A knife is installed at the bottom of the drum, equipped with a pair of blades opposite each other. The knife is rotated by movement associated with it.
The above-mentioned dehydrating step comprises a sub-step of heating the seaweed by passing a warming agent through the gap in the drum. In more detail, the gap in the drum is designed to allow the passage of steam or water, for heating or cooling, respectively, the contents of the drum. A water ring vacuum pump allows the vacuum to be created inside the drum.
During the mincing the seaweed is heated by low pressure steam, preferably between 0.5 bar and 2 bar. More specifically, the steam is introduced into the above-mentioned gap. Due to the vacuum created in the drum the seaweed is dehydrated without ever exceeding the temperature of 60° C.
Advantageously, the organoleptic properties of the seaweed are in this way further preserved.
The minced seaweed then continues through the desiccator 11. The desiccator comprises a drum, having an infeed side and an outfeed side for the seaweed. The drum also has an inner surface equipped with a plurality of blades. It should be noted that, according to this invention, the drum is inclined and can rotate about an axis of rotation with a variable speed.
The seaweed moves forward along the drum and, whilst it is inside, it is struck by a current of hot air which proceeds along the same direction as the seaweed, that is to say, in co-current flow.
More specifically, an LPG burner located at the infeed side of the drum has the purpose of heating the air. The air heated in this way exchanges heat when it encounters the seaweed, which is continuously stirred by the rotation of the drum. The air at the outfeed from the drum is removed by a fan, and is also filtered in order to order to avoid any dispersion of fine dusts in suspension into the environment.
It should be noted that the feeding of seaweed finely minced and already partly dehydrated allows the temperature of the seaweed at the outfeed from the desiccator 11 to be maintained at not more than 60° C., which corresponds to a temperature of the infeed air of between 150° C. and 300° C. The air at the outfeed from the desiccator 11 has a temperature variable between 80° C. and 100° C.
According to this invention, the seaweed passes through the drum in a time which can vary between 5 and 12 minutes.
This advantageously allows in particular the antioxidant components present in the seaweed, such as, for example, phlorotannins, polyphenols and vitamins, to be preserved.
The desiccator 11 has a production capacity of between 150 and 200 kg/h.
The seaweed then continues towards the grinder 12. More specifically, the desiccated seaweed passes through a selector valve, which diverts a flow of seaweed between a main storage and an alternative storage. More specifically, if the main storage is too full or if there are interruptions in the operation of the grinder 12, build-up or saturation of the installation can easily be avoided in such a way as to facilitate the dry cleaning. Advantageously, in this way it is possible to guarantee improved hygiene conditions in the installation 1.
During this step, the seaweed passes in front of magnet, which has the purpose of capturing any metallic particles, and in front of a metal detector, which has the purpose of automatically rejecting any seaweed which has been polluted.
The minced seaweed is fed to the grinder 12, which actually produces the meal, in particular through a relative lower zone. Subsequently, the meal is drawn by a fan into an upper area of the grinder 12. Advantageously, the continuous flow of air used as eluent considerably reduces the increase in temperature inside the grinder 12 and, consequently, of the meal.
The desired particle size of the finished product is obtained by adjusting the speed of a selector inserted in the grinder 12.
Advantageously, the reduced size of the particles at the outfeed of the desiccator 11 and their low temperature allows the use of a single grinding mill. This allows the accumulation points of the product to be reduced, in such a way as to further improve the hygiene conditions of the installation 1.
As a further advantage, there is a drastic limitation in the mechanical and thermal stress due, respectively, to the grinding and the further heating of the product, thereby allowing the organoleptic properties of the seaweed to be preserved.
At the outfeed from the grinder the seaweed meal is directed to a filler 13.
An operator adjusts the quantity of meal to be filled, setting the number of revolutions in a dosing screw conveyor, and gives the command to start the filling step after having positioned an empty bag in a special housing.
After filling the bag, the operator closes the bag by heat sealing it and, after it has been packaged, stores the bag in the store.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| RM2012A000388 | Aug 2012 | IT | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2013/001701 | 7/30/2013 | WO | 00 |
