1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of driving at least one compressor of an air distillation unit which delivers oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or argon to an industrial unit producing steam, this method being of the type in which, in the steady state, the compressor is at least partly driven by steam expansion means with production of external work, said means being supplied with steam coming from said industrial unit, this steam being introduced into an inlet of said expansion means.
2. Related Art
Certain industrial processes that consume oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or argon, such as synthetic hydrocarbon processes (referred to as gas-to-liquid or GTL processes), are exothermic and generate steam. When the pressure and/or the temperature of this steam make it unusable on the site, the steam is generally utilized as a drive supply, via a steam turbine, of at least one compressor of the air distillation unit that produces oxygen. The steam turbine may be a backpressure turbine, exhausting at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, or a condensing turbine, exhausting at a pressure below atmospheric pressure and associated with a water condenser, cooled by water or by the ambient air, and with a pump for recycling the water back into the steam production boiler.
However, the steam is fully available only in the steady state, which poses the problem of starting up the entire plant.
EP-A-0 930 268 discloses an air separation apparatus whose main compressor is coupled to an electric motor and a steam turbine that receives steam at two different pressures. During startup, the main compressor and the electric motor operate using electricity generated by a gas turbine.
The object of the invention is to solve this problem in a particularly flexible manner, while eliminating the electric motor.
For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a method of driving at least one compressor of an air distillation unit that produces oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or argon, this method being of the type in which, in the steady state, the compressor is driven only by steam expansion means with production of external work, this steam being introduced into an inlet of said expansion means, said steam expansion means having two inlets that correspond to different, respectively high and medium, intake pressures and, during at least the startup of said industrial unit, said expansion means are at least partly supplied with auxiliary steam coming from an auxiliary steam supply and introduced into an inlet of these expansion means.
For a further understanding of the nature and objects for the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements are given the same or analogous reference numbers.
Examples of how the invention is implemented will now be described in conjunction with the drawings in which:
The method according to the invention may have one or more of the following features:
The subject of the invention is also a combined air distillation/steam production plant of the type comprising, on the one hand, at least one air distillation unit, which comprises at least one compressor driven only by steam expansion means with production of external work, and a cold box containing an air distillation apparatus and a heat exchange line that is designed to cool the compressed air down to a temperature allowing it to be distilled, and, on the other hand, an industrial unit which is optionally supplied with oxygen and/or with nitrogen and/or with argon produced by the air distillation unit and which produces steam, at least some of this steam feeding the steam turbine, said expansion means having two inlets that correspond to two different, respectively high and medium, intake pressures, the plant including an auxiliary steam supply, and this supply delivering steam at a pressure that corresponds to one of the two inlets of said expansion means and being designed to be connected to this inlet, whereas the industrial unit produces steam at a pressure that corresponds to the other inlet of said expansion means and is designed to be introduced into this other inlet.
The combined plant shown in
The unit 3 essentially comprises a first compressor, consisting of a main air compressor 7 (or, in an alternative embodiment, several compressors in parallel), a second compressor consisting of an air booster 8 (or, in an alternative embodiment, several boosters in parallel) and a cold box 9. The latter essentially comprises an air distillation apparatus 10, for example a double column comprising a medium-pressure distillation column and a low-pressure distillation column that are coupled via a condenser-reboiler, and a heat exchange line 11.
The compressor 7 and the booster 8 are mounted on a single shaft 12 coupled to a steam turbine 13 via a disconnectable coupling device 14. The turbine 13 has two inlets, namely a high-pressure inlet 15, located at the intake of the turbine, and a medium-pressure inlet 16, located between the high-pressure feed and the exhaust of the turbine. Indicated at 17 is the exhaust port of the turbine, at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure above or below atmospheric pressure.
The apparatus 10 produces low-pressure liquid oxygen LOX and this liquid oxygen is brought to the high production pressure by a pump 18 before being vaporized and warmed in the exchange line 11. The apparatus 10 also produces low-pressure and/or medium-pressure gaseous nitrogen GN, which is warmed in the exchange line and then compressed at 6 to the high production pressure.
In operation, atmospheric air, compressed to the medium pressure at 7, is precooled in an air or water precooler 19, purified of water and of CO2 in an adsorption-type purifier 20 and separated into two streams, namely a first, medium-pressure, air stream, which is cooled at 11 down to close to its dew point before being distilled at 10, and a second air stream that is boosted at 8 to a high pressure allowing the high-pressure liquid oxygen in the exchange line to vaporize.
The unit 3 also includes an auxiliary boiler 21 that produces medium-pressure auxiliary steam in a line 22. This line 22, provided with a valve 23, is connected to the medium-pressure inlet 16 of the turbine 13, whereas the line 2 is connected to the high-pressure inlet 15.
To give an example, the high-pressure steam is at approximately 60 bar and the medium-pressure steam is at approximately 15 bar.
In addition, a branch line 24 fitted with a valve 25 connects the inlets 15 and 16.
During plant startup, the unit 1 produces no high-pressure steam and then it does produce this in increasing amounts until the nominal steady state is reached. The startup operation comprises three successive phases:
However, to balance the upstream expansion part of the turbine, this steam is introduced both into the inlets 15 and 16 via the line 24, the valve 25 of which is open;
Optionally, additional medium-pressure steam may be delivered, continuously or periodically, to the inlet 16, as indicated by the dot-dash line.
In this case, the first startup phase (
In the third phase (
It may thus be seen that, in both cases, all the steam available in the line 2 is used in the turbine 13 without prior expansion, and therefore without loss of energy. In addition, at any instant, the additional energy for driving the compressors is delivered by the auxiliary steam, the characteristics of which may be chosen relatively freely.
In an alternative embodiment, the compressor 6 may be coupled to the shaft 12, as a replacement of the booster 8 or as a supplement thereof.
Also as an alternative embodiment, if an auxiliary oxygen supply is available on the site, for example a liquid oxygen storage tank, it is possible to start up the unit 1 with this oxygen. During startup of the unit 3, the turbine 13 is then supplied to a minor extent with the steam coming from the unit 1 and to a major extent with the auxiliary steam coming from the supply 21. The ratio is for example 30%/70%. The proportion of auxiliary steam is then progressively lowered until the steady state is reached, in which it becomes the minor proportion, especially less than 30%, and more preferably still less than 10% or even zero.
The turbine may be composed either of a single body with two inputs, which correspond to different intake pressures, or two bodies each having one inlet. In the latter case, one body of the turbine is supplied with steam coming from the industrial unit 1 and the other body with auxiliary steam. The two bodies of the turbine are then either mechanically linked together or mechanically linked to the body of at least one compressor of the air distillation unit.
It will be understood that many additional changes in the details, materials, steps and arrangement of parts, which have been herein described in order to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments in the examples given above.
A process and apparatus is provided for an integrated air distillation unit and industrial unit wherein at least one compressor of the air distillation unit is driven only by steam expansion means during both start-up and steady state operation.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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01 09307 | Jul 2001 | FR | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/FR02/02225 | 6/27/2002 | WO | 00 | 6/8/2004 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO03/006902 | 1/23/2003 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4223529 | Willyoung | Sep 1980 | A |
4326382 | Baardson | Apr 1982 | A |
6117916 | Allam et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
Number | Date | Country |
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0 930 268 | Jan 1999 | EP |
0 930 268 | Jan 1999 | EP |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20040211183 A1 | Oct 2004 | US |