Patent Application
20080272585
The present subject matter relates to a method for authentication and tracking of documents. More specifically the present subject matter relates to authenticating and tracking of a document throughout its lifecycle without reliance upon or requirement for any unique identification characters, barcodes and/or objects that were added to the document specifically for the purpose of identification.
The need to have technology for authentication and tracking of a paper document is becoming a higher priority as security issues abound and technology improves in areas that enhance the ability of criminals to make high quality forgeries. Numerous techniques have been employed to authenticate a document such as barcodes, water marks, holographic images, or embossed or raised seals. These techniques do not easily offer a different value for each document or each page of a multiple page document and are more easily defeated.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, other inhomogeneous media capable of being interrogated by way of detecting optical scattering from the material, or optical scanners capable of detecting paper fiber orientation can yield arbitrarily random results that are extremely improbable to be repeated. RFID is a broad field of technology covering material or devices that respond to radio frequency illumination. These devices may include but are not limited to active devices that radiate a result when interrogated or passive devices that re-radiate a result when illuminated, wherein the passive devices may include but are not limited to semiconductor devices, material deposited on a substrate, printed material or fibers contained in the paper. For instance, paper stock may be embedded accordingly with RFID fibers for unique identification purposes. However, the identification of the paper stock as originated from an authenticated source is insufficient to validate a document as the original if the actual content to be marked upon the document is not known. An example is the fraudulent activity known as check washing, wherein a check marked by a remitter with valid amount payable data is washed off using chemical ink removal techniques; the valid amount payable data being subsequently replaced with higher (fraudulent) amount payable data. Even a check having an assigned RFID signature would not be protected against instances wherein the hardcopy document is indeed authentic, but the original content data as marked thereon is not.
Thus, there is a need in the existing art for improved methods for maintaining secure tracking and authentication of documents.
The teachings herein alleviate one or more of the above noted problems with document security and tracking and authentication of documents.
One object of the present subject matter is to provide a method of preparing a document for later authentication. The document is printed on identifiable stock. The method includes acquiring stock identification data from a printed hardcopy of the document by a first sensor coupled with document processing equipment. Content data is obtained for the document and associated with the stock identification data. The content data and stock identification data is stored in a database.
Another object of the present subject matter is to provide a method of authenticating a document printed on identifiable stock. The method includes acquiring stock identification data from a printed hardcopy of the document by a first sensor coupled with document processing equipment. Content data is obtained from an image of the printed hardcopy of the document by a second sensor coupled with the document processing equipment. The content data and stock identification data are compared with associated content data and stock identification data stored in a database. An authentication result is returned indicating whether or not the content data and stock identification data matches with the stored content data and stock identification data in the database.
Yet another object is to provide a method of generating a plurality of mailpieces containing inserts on document processing equipment for later authentication of the inserts. The method includes associating addressee and/or address data with each of a plurality of inserts printed on identifiable stock. Stock identification data is acquired from each of the plurality of inserts with a sensor. Insert classification data is obtained for the plurality of inserts. The associated address and/or addressee data, acquired stock identification data and obtained insert classification data are stored in a database. The mailpieces containing the insert are generated on the document processing equipment.
Still yet another object of the present subject matter is to provide a method of authenticating a mailpiece insert printed on identifiable stock. The method includes obtaining stock identification data from the mailpiece insert. The stock identification data is compared with associated stock identification data stored in a database. Address and/or addressee data stored in the database is gathered based on a result of the comparing step. Insert classification data associated with the plurality of mailpieces is acquired from the database. A report associating the insert classification data with the obtained address and/or addressee data is generated.
Additional advantages and novel features will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following and the accompanying drawings or may be learned by production or operation of the examples. The advantages of the present teachings may be realized and attained by practice or use of various aspects of the methodologies, instrumentalities and combinations set forth in the detailed examples discussed below.
The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord with the present teachings, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements.
a and 3b Exemplary flow diagrams for document data collection and document authentication respectively.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.
Reference now is made in detail to the examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings and discussed below.
Numerous configurations are possible to accomplish the document processing and authentication tasks described above respective to
Also, the central data warehouse 150 as presented herein is intended to apply to any system, source or type of electronic data that is searchable or accessible by one or more computers and/or computer executables, and is not intended to be limited by any particular hardware or software implementation. The central data warehouse 150 may be implemented in centralized or distributed fashion (e.g., as a collection of one or more computer or server systems in accord with various models and design methodologies for achieving varying operational and functional purposes. Furthermore, the central data warehouse 150 may be managed by a management system 145, wherein various hardware, software and network system configurations may be employed. Storage mediums upon which the central data warehouse 150 may be implemented or maintained may include, but are not limited to, disk storage such as DASD, RAID, or other mediums of varying volatility. The central data warehouse 150 may be implemented upon such mediums in accord with varying database file structures, languages or methodologies, including but not limited to Structured Query Language (SQL), Extensible Markup Language (XML), ordered/unordered flat files, Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM), heaps, hash buckets or Quaternary trees (B+ Trees). Those skilled in the art will select the combination of hardware and software according to their architectural requirements.
a and 3b, which highlight an example of a process flow for document authentication, are now explained.
b illustrates the steps associated with authenticating a document on subsequent observation. In step 540, the authentication job is set up using metadata such as the type of document (deed, certificate, will or other high value documents) and the date when the document was created. The setup needs to collect and enter sufficient data for the central data warehouse management system 145 to locate the correct data file that contains the data which relates the document or group of documents to be authenticated. Selecting the correct file depends on how the metadata becomes available. However, if insufficient metadata is available to identify the correct file, a broad search for the records in the central data warehouse 150 will be done to acquire the correct file as part of step 550 after the document is scanned. In step 545, the document is imaged with sensor 220 and then the image is processed to extract the content. In addition, the stock ID sensor 222 is used to obtain the stock unique identifier. With both the content data and the stock ID, the central data warehouse management system will search a specific group of files, if metadata was available or the whole central data warehouse 150 to find a match to the document, step 550. If a match was found for the stock identifier (step 555) and for the content (step 560), the document can be certified as authentic (step 565). Otherwise, if the stock identifier matches, but the content does not match the original document, the document may have been modified and maybe a fraud (step 575). Similarly, if the content matches, but the stock identifier does not match, the document is a copy and, therefore, can not be authenticated (step 575).
The exemplary computer processing architecture of
The exemplary process steps are as follows. The data center processor 300 provides a print file 320 to the printer 322 to control content and addressee printing. If document identification is required the paper stock will contain unique identification features. When the document is printed 324 imaging 120 and stock ID 122 sensors verify the printing, capture content and addressee, and associate the printed document with its stock identification using the extractor module 140. This data will be provided to the central data warehouse management system 145 where it is correlated with additional data from the mail processing system 305 which is derived during the mailpiece production (
As a first exemplary point of observation, the analysis tool/sensing device may observe a document as it is engaged in front-end inserter processing activities. Such activities may include loading the printed material 330 into the document input section 400 of the inserter 350, wherein the printed material may be cut or folded accordingly to construct a document of desired size. Generally, the roll of paper is printed in advance by one or more printer modules (not shown) to display the various objects and/or characters that comprise the human or machine readable content of the document. In the case of a camera being employed as the analysis tool 120, image data pertaining to the document may be compiled and translated into content data by the extractor module 140. Likewise, a radio frequency analysis system (stock ID sensor 122 coupled with the extractor module 140) may be utilized correspondingly for acquiring stock identification data. An extractor module 140 may be integrated with and/or communicable with the suite of analysis tools/sensors 120 and 122. As before, stock and content data may be persistently stored by the extractor module 140 during the time of document analysis. This data is then aggregated and packaged into a data structure, which may subsequently be analyzed against data maintained in the central data warehouse 150.
Also, as indicated before, various content data elements of interest may include word count per page, tab spacing and indentation lengths, margin lengths, number of paragraphs, number of lines, character and/or object coordinate information, and any other data descriptive of the physical appearance of the hardcopy document. Fold and/or cut line location data may also be stored, such as by determining the distance from an edge of the paper to a point of contact with a cutter as measured from an image depicting this point of contact. Stock data associated with the structural composition of the document may include radio frequency data as emitted by intentionally embedded conductive fibers which will reradiate a unique signature when interrogated by a RFID sensor. Alternatively, reflectance and contrast data, paper density, or paper texture information may also be employed as stock identification data. Also, in association with the stock and content data, the extractor module 140 may compile metadata information created by the imaging device 122 as it processes a document. In particular, the metadata may include timestamp information, machine ID, machine location components assembled into a mailpiece, etc. By associating the metadata with the stock and content or insert type data collected during inserter processing, a historical account of the activities involving document or insert is maintained.
The data collection process continues at the other analysis points along the inserter 350, including during accumulation and merging of the various inserts 305 with a document and envelope insertion—as performed by the transport 401 and insert feeders 402-402n and envelope inserter 405. In the case of accumulation and document merging and envelope insertion by the envelope feeder 418, this involves the association of varying inserts 305 with a given document being transported through the transport system in order to compile a distinct mailpiece. For example, when the inserts are one or more coupons 305, different documents intended for differing recipients may require different coupons (i.e., target marketing). One or more analysis tools 404-404n may be employed for performing analysis upon documents at this stage of inserter processing. These devices may be physically placed in proximity to the insert feeders 402-402n so as enable acquisition and/or extraction of content and stock identification data pertinent to the inserts being merged with an associated document. In this way, a correlation between the document being processed plus addressee through the inserter 350 and the inserts may be achieved, which may provide further tracking or analysis implications.
Further stock and content data may be acquired and/or identified at the output system 406 of the inserter 350. Still further, stock and content data may be extracted by the extractor module 140 at the point of processing by other devices 408, including those for applying postage marks, printer marks, address data, labels or other physical manipulations to the hardcopy document. In the case where the mailpiece will contain only coupons 361, the address is printed at section 408 in the inserter. The address and addressee are associated with the insert 305 stock identifications for the items in the envelope. Inline devices may include, but are not limited to, postage meter systems, postage application devices, printers, or labelers. In some instances, these other inline devices may be designated as an analysis tool, and thus may be integrated with an extractor module 140 for enabling the generation of stock and content data. For example, a postage meter enabled with a sensor 120, 122 connected to the extractor module 140 could record postage affixed data as applied to a document as stock and content data. Doing so creates an additional audit trail that could be useful for the user/operator or postal authority in reconciling postage payment discrepancies. Such content and or stock data may be acquired through usage of a sensor or sensor suite 416 placed in proximity to said inline processing devices, which are themselves generally positioned prior to entry of the finished mailpieces 360 into the envelope stacker 412.
Tracking of documents from printed stock 330 and inserts 305 into a specific envelope with a known addressee and address is required for accurate performance of the concept. This function is performed with the inserter control computer 414 in conjunction with the inserter control file 301 which specifies how the mailpiece is to be assembled. A document is identified by sensors 120 and 122 when it is received in the documents input section 401 and then tracked through each step of the insertion process. When the document reaches the first insert feeder 402, the inserter control computer 414 will determine if that insert is required. If it is required the sensor 404 will read the stock ID and associate it with the known contents of that insert feeder. This data is appended to the document data of address and addressee plus metadata if available. This process is repeated at each insert feeder until the last feeder is reached 402n. Therefore, when the documents and inserts reach the envelope inserter 405, the exact contents is known plus the stock ID for each item contained in the envelope. The resulting data file is sent to the central data warehouse management system 145 from a combination of the extractor module 140, inserter control computer 414 and the data center processor 300 as dictated by the specific design. The data is stored in the central data warehouse 150 for later usage.
Alternately, if only coupons are being inserted into an envelope, the document input section 400 is not required. The inserter control computer 414 will track each insert that is added to a group of inserts as the groups are moved through the transport 401. Hence, when the group reaches the envelope inserter 405, the contents of each coupon is known along with its stock identification that was read by each detector 404 through 404n. Since the address and addressee is not yet associated with the envelope, tracking of the envelope with its known contents must continue until the address and addressee are printed on the envelope at section 408. Alternate configurations of the mail processing system 350 are common such as replacing the envelope feeder 418 and envelope inserter 405 with a warping system that manufactures the envelope during production. At this point all information is known and transferred to the central data warehouse 150.
Attention is now directed towards the central data warehouse management system 145. Once the final document is complete—i.e., the coupons 361 are assembled for delivery or an envelope 362 containing a document and inserts—it is ready for distribution to the intended recipient or customer 420. When the customer utilizes the coupons 305R at a participating store 425, the coupon is collected at the store, and further redeemed via a redemption center 430. The redemption center 430 may use a distributed process to collect redemption data at the store 425 using a POS device 426 equipped with a stock ID sensor 122. A coupon identification sensor also is required which may include an imaging system or a barcode reader. This approach allows for collection of additional data in regard to the sale and saves the effort of sending the coupon to the redemption center. As an added feature, coupon reuse can be prevented by not allowing a coupon to be reused once the stock ID has been associated with redemption. The redemption center may be equipped with the same types of analysis tools for acquiring stock and content data as described above. Hence, the stock and content data is stored as a data structure by an extractor module 140 operable in connection with the redemption center 430. This data is then transmitted to the central data warehouse management system 145 (e.g., internal or external transmission).
The central data warehouse management system 145 extracts the data populating each field of the data structure, performs any decomposition/formatting of the data if required, then checks the central data warehouse 150 to determine if it matches any existing stock and content data. The match determination process, as recognized by those skilled in the art, may be executed using varying types of matching algorithms and/or logical instructions. Furthermore, the match determination process may be performed in accord with match sensitivity settings so as to enable high-confidence or threshold based (e.g., specified percentage match) evaluation of the stock and content data against data within the minutiae database. For example, if the match threshold/sensitivity is set to 75%, then a stock and content data set matching less than 75% of any other data sets within the database would be considered a non-match. Suffice to say, any effective or known means of match determination processing is within the scope of the teachings herein.
In transmitting the stock and content data to the central data warehouse management system 145, it may be compared to determine if it matches any existing stock and content data previously associated with the document via a document identification value. If a match is determined, an identification alert may be transmitted to the error tracking or fraud prevention group of the redemption center 430. Additionally, the data on record may be updated to include additional stock and content data not previously identified (e.g., a pen mark applied by the recipient to the physical document 502), as well as the updating of any metadata (e.g., time stamp data, analysis tool ID data, recipient ID data). The central data warehouse may be implemented via a server, wherein all document identification values and their associated stock and content data and/or metadata information is stored.
Referring now to
Continuing with
Data processing—i.e., stock and content data or metadata collection—is performed by an extractor module 140, an executable module integrated with and/or communicable with a process, device or utility (e.g., software, hardware, or firmware processes or tools) capable of operating upon a hardcopy document. The extractor module 140 operates to extract stock and/or content data made available by hardcopy documents. Moreover, the extractor module 140 is deployable for independent operation upon or integration with the various devices or utilities usable for analysis of hardcopy documents. In this way, a plurality of extractor modules may relay information to each other if necessary and/or communicate with a central data warehouse management system 145. In addition, the extractor module 140 may also communicate with the particular device, tool (e.g., software) or process it is operating in association, i.e., to provide tracking information or ID notification data.
The central data warehouse management system 145 is a device (e.g., server), executable module or process that analyzes document stock and content data provided by an extractor module 140 in the form of a data structure. In other instances, the central data warehouse management system 145 communicates relevant information pertaining to a document to the extractor module 140. In general, the central data warehouse management system 145 processes the various fields of the data structure in order to access the data contents therein, and then executes a comparison of the document stock and content data received against existing document stock and content data stored to a central data warehouse 150 to determine if it is associated with a particular document identification value. Suffice to say, when and extractor module 140 is integrated with a document processing medium (e.g., a printer, document authoring software, high-speed inserter device), printstream management medium (e.g., printstream creation software) or analysis tool (e.g., imaging device, spectrometer) that operates upon the document, the extractor module 140 may access key information representative of the unique elements and features of the document.
When documents such as the stock certificate 110 are printed from a computing device 100 by a printing device 105, various types of analysis tools may be employed for processing the document to obtain unique stock and content data. As a first type of analysis, a high resolution imaging device and integrated radio frequency analysis tool 122 may be used to perform stock analysis 216 of the printed document. The stock analysis may include analysis of the fiber structure in high fiber content paper, analysis of the paper density that naturally occurs when the paper pulp is compressed, or analysis of paper textual features that may be intentionally introduced into the paper such as RFID (radio frequency identifier) fibers. In performing the analysis, the entire document may be analyzed, or alternatively, a specific region-of-interest of the document may be analyzed.
The latter increases the speed and efficiency of the analysis process, while the former increases the number of unique stock data points capable of being generated. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that from an internal microscopic level of perception, even two documents appearing identical physically (e.g., same content, layout, formatting, typesetting) will differ greatly structurally even if compared against one another at a limited region-of-interest. As such, the analysis tool need only observe a limited sample of the document—i.e., analyze the rightmost bottom region of the document to within a rectangular region of 0.25×0.25 inches. Alternatively, the region-of-interest need not be symmetrical, but rather asymmetrical (e.g., a region enclosed by a freeform object) as defined by the operator of the analysis tool. In either way, restricting the fiber composition analysis to a smaller defined region-of-interest greatly increases the rate of processing of documents for performing such analysis, and enables feasibility of implementation within residential, commercial and industrial settings.
Another type of analysis of the document 118, 218 for collecting content data may be conducted using an imaging device 120. Exemplary imaging devices 120 for collecting content data may include, but are not limited to, scanners, optical readers, cameras, copy machines, fax machines, etc. An image of the hardcopy document may be analyzed using resolution imaging and magnification techniques to reveal unique content data points characteristic of the original document 118, as depicted with respect to the composite image. Document content data collected by the extractor module 140 operating in association with the imaging device 120 may include, but is not limited to: word count per page or per the entire document, tab spacing and indentation lengths, margin lengths, paragraph numbers, header/footer locations, image locations, line numbers, line spacing, character and/or font spacing, number of characters with and without spaces, textual color properties, text string and character coordinate information, paper stock, paper type/dimensions, and other such data descriptive of the physical characteristics of the various objects and/or characters that appear on the hardcopy document. Also, in association with the document stock and content data, the extractor module 140 may compile metadata information created by the imaging device as it processes the document 218. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the stock and content data collected by imaging the hardcopy document to much an extent mirrors the stock and content data collected. It will be seen later on that this is an intentional feature of the present example, for enabling advanced tracking and linking of the hardcopy version of a document to its original electronic representation or representation derived from and image and history data (via the assigned document identification value).
Those skilled in the art will recognize that various other tools not expressly presented herein may also be utilized during the first observation stock and content collection phase 52 for characterizing the physical and structural qualities of the document. For example, OCR technology may be employed for interpreting the plurality of markings resident upon a document, where the results of the interpretation may be further employed as stock and content data. Such analysis may be employed on a case-by-case basis, however, given that no single marking is sufficient in and of itself to uniquely identify a document from amongst a myriad of possibilities. The interpretation of a single element of content (e.g., words, text strings, barcodes) of a document does very little to enable one to identify a specific instance of a document against even numerous photocopied versions thereof having the same identical content. Indeed, practitioners of the art may employ their own suite of sensors or analysis tools for processing of documents in accordance with their own requirements.
In an effort to further enhance data processing rates for the above described analysis tools select stock and content data of interest need only be stored into the data structure 224. In particular, only the stock and content data most pertinent to characterizing the physical (e.g., text coordinates, word counts) and structural composition of the document (e.g., microscopic/macroscopic, fiber, chemical) within the region-of-interest need be compiled. Of course, the number of data points, measurements or calculations retained as stock and content data may be customized to fit specific processing environments, organizational capabilities or user needs. In this way, the analysis tools may be adapted accordingly to ensure higher scan rates, sampling speeds, timing settings, and signal processing for analysis of the samples under analysis.
The data structure for aggregating the stock and content data may then be communicated via a network connection to the document minutiae processing module (not shown), which may reside locally in proximity to the analysis tool via a local server or at a remote server or location.
In the illustrated examples, computers or servers such as 145, 140, 300 are intended to represent a general class of data processing device commonly used to run programming. Such a device typically utilizes general purpose computer hardware to perform its respective server processing and to control the attendant communications via the network(s). Each such server, for example, includes a data communication interface for packet data communication. The server also includes a central processing unit (CPU), in the form of one or more processors, for executing program instructions. The server platform typically includes program storage and data storage for various data files to be processed and/or communicated by the server, although the server often receives programming and data via network communications. The hardware elements, operating systems and programming languages of such servers are conventional in nature, and it is presumed that those skilled in the art are adequately familiar therewith.
In the illustrated examples, user terminal devices are generally illustrated as personal computers (PCs) or the like. Such devices are intended to represent a general class of data processing device commonly used to run client software and various end-user applications. The hardware of such personal computer platforms typically is general purpose in nature, albeit with an appropriate network connection for communication via the intranet, the Internet and/or other data networks. As known in the data processing and communications arts, each such general-purpose personal computer typically comprises a central processor, an internal communication bus, various types of memory (RAM, ROM, EEPROM, cache memory, etc.), disk drives or other code and data storage systems, and one or more network interface cards or ports for communication purposes. Of course, a personal computer or other end user data device will also have or be coupled to a display and one or more user input devices such as alphanumeric and other keys of a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, etc. The display and user input element(s) together form a user interface, for interactive control of the computer and through the computer to control other mail processing operations. These user interface elements may be locally coupled to the computer, for example in a workstation configuration, or the user interface elements may be remote from the computer and communicate therewith via a network. The hardware elements, operating systems and programming languages of such end user data devices are conventional in nature, and it is presumed that those skilled in the art are adequately familiar therewith.
Aspects of the methods outlined above may be embodied in software, e.g. in the form of program code executable by the or other programmable device. Such software typically is carried on or otherwise embodied in a medium or media. Terms such as “machine-readable medium” and “computer-readable medium” as used herein generically refer to any medium that participates in providing instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, such as the CPU of a server or end user data device or in any of the computers controlling various mail processing equipment, for execution or other processing. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile storage media, volatile storage media, and transmission media. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory, such as main memory or cache. Physical transmission media include coaxial cables; copper wire and fiber optics, including wired and wireless links of a network and the wires that comprise a bus within a computer or the like. Transmission media, however, can also take the form of electric or electromagnetic signals, or acoustic or light waves such as those generated during optical, radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Hence, common forms of machine-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD or CDROM, a DVD or DVD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, a cache memory, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave transporting data or instructions, physical links bearing such a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer or the like can read in order to read or recover carried information.
Various forms of machine-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a processor for execution. For example, all or portions of the software may at times be communicated through the Internet, an Intranet, a wireless data communication network, or various other telecommunication networks. Such communications, for example may serve to load the software from another computer (not shown) into the server or other platform(s) that serve as the data engine.
While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best mode and/or other examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that the teachings may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all applications, modifications and variations that fall within the true scope of the present teachings.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/980,621, filed Oct. 17, 2007 entitled “Method and Programmable Product for Unique Document Identification Using Stock and Content,” U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/908,000, filed Apr. 26, 2007 entitled “Apparatus, Method and Program Product for Identification of a Document with Feature Analysis” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/951,640, filed Jul. 24, 2007 entitled “Document Processing System Control Using Document Feature Analysis for Identification”, the disclosures of which also are entirely incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60908000 | Apr 2007 | US | |
| 60951640 | Jul 2007 | US | |
| 60980621 | Oct 2007 | US |
