Patent Grant
6996815
The present invention relates generally to computer systems, and more particularly to methods and software tools for intelligent service pack installation.
Software applications and/or services are commonly offered to consumers in the form of grouped packages or suites, in which two or more such applications are provided. Such suites are generally provided at a lower cost than the combined cost of the individual applications included therein. In addition, the software suites typically comprise an assortment of related and/or interoperable applications or services targeted to satisfy the software needs of a particular type of customer, such as small businesses. Different applications suites may thus be provided to satisfy various market needs, where certain segments of software consumers commonly require more than one application or service.
The applications included within any particular suite package, as well as the software operating system (OS) residing in a customer's computer system may be revised or improved from time to time, in order to provide new and/or improved features, or to address problems or bugs. Consumers typically are provided with such software revisions through upgrades and/or service packs. For instance, an upgrade may replace an existing software application with a newer version or revision. This may be sold to the customer in various forms, such as a CDROM, or via a download using the Internet, wherein the upgrade may include the new application files and a setup or installation tool which the user employs to remove the old revision and install the new one. Upgrades are usually sold for major revisions of a software application or service.
Service packs are applied to an installed application. The application of a service pack, therefore, provides for revision of an installed application in place on the user's machine, without actually removing the existing code. Service packs are generally employed for minor revisions, such as bug fixes. In making such revisions, whether major or minor, software companies generally try to ensure some level of upward compatibility between products wherever possible. However, complete compatibility or inter-operability between various revisions of a plurality of applications and/or operating systems cannot always be achieved. Thus, a set of dependency requirements typically exist for inter-operability or compatibility between two or more such applications.
The revision dependency issue is of particular importance in the case of integrated software suites, which may comprise several applications. Prior to installing a suite of such applications, there may already be one or more software applications installed on a customer computer system. These pre-existing applications may include previous revisions of one or more applications within the suite. When such a software suite package is to be installed on a customer system, a conventional setup utility will prompt the user to indicate which applications from the suite are to be installed on the machine, and install the applications accordingly. However, there may be dependency problems between one or more of the installed software components and the pre-existing components. For example, a suite may install the latest revision of an operating system, whereas a pre-existing application in the computer system will not operate with the new OS. The customer computer system may thus be left in an inoperative or partially operative state once the setup utility has completed installation of the new OS. Thus, there is a need for improved setup utilities, which reduce or minimize the problems associated with operational dependencies between software components.
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the invention nor delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. The invention comprises a software tool and methodology, which address the above mentioned version dependency problems associated with installing software in a computer system.
A software setup tool and methodology are provided for selectively applying service packs in a computer system according to a desired final state for the system. The tool ensures the system will be left in an operable state after the upgrading of certain components and installation of one or more service packs, and avoids needless application of service packs where the user has selected to upgrade one or more applications where the service packs are not required for upgrading. The service pack installer tool may be employed as a component in a suite integration tool kit or other setup utility, which may be used to install and configure a single application or a suite of applications in the computer system. The setup tool user interface prompts the user to select the applications to be installed. According to the selected applications to be installed and the applications currently installed in the computer system, the setup tool determines the desired final system state, and selectively applies service packs as needed in order to install and/or upgrade the desired applications.
The selective application of service packs advantageously avoids applying service packs to resident applications, where the user desires to upgrade the application anyway. The tool thus reduces the time associated with updating one or more applications. The tool further takes into consideration whether a service pack is required for upgrading an application in determining whether to apply the service pack prior to upgrading. Thus, a service pack may be applied or installed if the user has chosen not to upgrade the associated application. Alternatively, the service pack may be installed if the user has chosen to upgrade the application and the service pack is required for upgrading the application.
In making the determination of which service packs to apply, the tool may consult a data store including information on dependencies, for example, including whether a given service pack is required in order to upgrade an application residing on the computer system. The setup tool may further determine the availability of additional or secondary service packs associated with an application. For example, the tool may consult an Internet website to determine if later service packs are available than were included within the setup tool or upgrade kit. In this manner, the user may be provided with a more updated suite installation.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a software setup tool for selectively upgrading applications and selectively installing service packs in a computer system. The setup tool comprises a user interface component which prompts a user for desired setup information relating to the computer system. The tool further comprises one or more application upgrade components, and a data store having dependency information. In addition, a service pack installation component is provided to selectively install one or more service packs associated with applications residing in the computer system according to the desired setup and the dependency information. The tool thus installs service packs only when necessary according to the desired final state of the computer system. For example, where an application is to be upgraded by the setup, the tool may refrain from installing an associated service pack unless required for the upgrade.
The dependency information may indicate whether one or more applications residing in the computer system require service packs, and the setup information may indicate whether one or more application upgrade components are to be installed. The service pack installation component may selectively install service packs if the dependency information indicates that an application in the system requires a service pack and the setup information indicates that the application is not to be upgraded. In addition, the dependency information may further indicate that the application upgrade component requires a service pack, in which case the service pack installation component may install the at least one service pack if the upgrade component is to be installed. The user interface may also prompt the user to accept or refuse installation of the service pack.
The software setup tool may also selectively determine the availability of one or more additional service packs associated with applications residing in the computer system. In this manner, the latest software fixes may be provided to a customer computer system, for example, through the setup tool consulting an Internet website to obtain service packs created or otherwise made available after the setup tool was shipped.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of installing service packs in a computer system, which minimizes the likelihood of unnecessary service pack installation according to the desired final machine state. The method comprises providing dependency information relating to one or more service packs, prompting the user for desired setup information, and selectively installing service packs associated with application components in the computer system according to the desired setup information and the dependency information.
The selective service pack installation may comprise installing a service pack if the corresponding application component requires the service pack according to the dependency information, and if the desired setup information indicates that the application is not to be upgraded. In addition, the service pack installation may comprise installing the service pack if the application requires the service pack for upgrading, and if the desired setup information indicates that the application is to be upgraded. The method may also comprise selectively installing one or more application upgrade components in the computer system according to the desired setup information. In addition, the method may comprise determining the availability of one or more additional service packs, for example, by consulting an Internet website.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable medium is provided having computer-readable instructions for prompting a user for desired setup information relating to a desired setup for the computer system, and installing a service pack associated with an application residing in the computer system if the application requires the service pack and if the desired setup information indicates that an upgrade component corresponding to the application is not to be installed. Further computer-readable instructions may be provided for installing the service pack if the upgrade component is to be installed and if the service pack is required for upgrading the application.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a software setup tool for selectively installing service packs in a computer system, comprising an interface for prompting a user for desired setup information relating to a desired setup for the computer system, and a service pack installation component for installing a service pack associated with an application or other software component residing in the computer system if the application requires the service pack and if the desired setup information indicates that an upgrade component corresponding to the application is not to be installed. The service pack installation component may also be adapted to install the service pack if the upgrade component is to be installed and if the service pack is required for upgrading the application.
According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a software tool for selectively upgrading at least one application, comprising a component for structuring a service pack installable on the system, the structuring being based at least upon application setup parameters and application dependency parameters. Another aspect of the invention is a system for selectively upgrading at least one application, comprising a first component for interrogating a computer system to identify installed software, and a second component for structuring a service pack installable on the system, the structuring being based at least upon application setup parameters and application dependency parameters. Still another aspect of the invention is a data packet adapted to be transmitted between at least two processes, comprising a component for structuring a service pack installable on the system, the structuring being based at least upon application setup parameters and application dependency parameters.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects of the invention are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed and the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features of the invention may become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The present invention is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It may be evident, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, well-known structures and devices are illustrated in some instances in block diagram form in order to facilitate description of the present invention.
Referring now to the drawings, the present invention comprises a software tool and methodology whereby service packs may be selectively installed in a computer system according to dependency information and whether or not an upgrade to an application is scheduled. The invention avoids unnecessary installation of service packs as well as ensures that the user's computer system will be in a functional state at the end of setup, thereby providing significant advantages over prior tools and methods.
Referring to
The method 2 may be implemented in a variety of setup, installation, and/or upgrade operations, and will be described in association with a setup operation for an application suite comprising two or more applications and/or operating systems. Beginning at step 4, a user is prompted for setup information at step 6, such as which applications are to be installed or upgraded in the computer system. As illustrated and described in greater detail hereinafter, the user may be prompted for such information via a user interface component in a software setup tool, for example, a graphical or other type of user interface with which the user selects one or more applications from a listing of applications available in the suite.
Proceeding at step 8, the software tool determines which service packs are available for use in the setup operation. The service packs may be obtained from the setup package itself and/or from a secondary source, for example, from a web site. This allows the most recent service packs to be provided to the user according to the desired setup information, as well as dependency information provided in the setup tool. For example, where a setup package includes service pack number 2 for a given application, the software tool may consult a web site and discover that service pack 3 for the application is now available, and accordingly obtain the newer service pack via a download operation. In this manner, the user is provided with the latest service pack regardless of the relative age of the setup package.
The method 2 continues at step 10 by determining which service packs are to be installed according to dependency information such as service pack dependencies. Such dependencies may indicate interoperability requirements for two or more software components (e.g., version compatibility between two applications, or between an application and an operating system). For example, the dependency information may indicate that a first application currently installed in the user computer system requires service pack number 3 to run properly on a particular operating system, and further that a second application upgrade requires a particular operating system to run. The service packs to be installed are further determined according to the scheduled upgrades. Proceeding with the above example, where the user prompted desired setup information indicates that the user wants to upgrade the second application (e.g., which requires the Windows 2000 operating system), the software setup tool may determine that the operating system must be upgraded to Windows 2000 to accommodate the upgrade of the second application, and further that service pack number 3 must be installed with respect to the first application.
Proceeding to step 12, the method 2 may further prompt the user to accept or refuse service pack installation. For example, the user may be presented (e.g., via a user interface component of the setup tool) with a listing of the service packs which the software tool has determined should be installed in the computer system. The user may then decide whether to proceed with the service pack installation or to return to a previous interface rendering. This provides the user with information relating to the changes to the system before they are made. Thus, at decision step 14, the tool determines whether the user has approved or refused service pack installation. If not, the method 2 may return to step 6, whereat the user may change the previously made application installation selections and again proceed through method steps 6–12, as described above.
If the user accepts the proposed service pack installation at decision step 14, the method 2 proceeds to step 16, where the appropriate service packs are installed (e.g., according to the desired setup information and the dependency information), and any scheduled upgrades are performed. Thus, per the above example, service pack number 3 may be installed with respect to the first application (e.g., to allow this application to run properly with the new operating system). In addition, the operating system and the second application may then be upgraded in accordance with the desired setup and dependency information. The user computer system is thus ensured of being left in an operational state after the operation of the setup tool is completed.
It will be noted at this point, that the tool may further advantageously avoid unnecessary service pack installation according to the dependency and desired setup information. For instance, in the example above, a previous version of the second application may have been resident on the user computer system, for example, version 2. The setup package may comprise a service pack adapted to provide bug fixes for version 2 of the second application. However, the application upgrade component selected by the user for installation (e.g., via prompting by a user interface component) may upgrade the second application to version 4 (e.g., which addresses the bugs in version 2). The software setup tool may thus determine that installation of the available service pack for the second application is unnecessary, as this application will be upgraded to version 4 in accordance with the method 2.
Thus, the use of the dependency information and the desired setup information allows intelligent service pack installation to avoid installation of unneeded service packs according to the desired final state of the user computer system. Moreover, the tool may use the dependency information according to the method 2 to selectively install one or more service packs to an application which is to be upgraded, for example, where the dependency information indicates that the service pack is required in order to upgrade the application.
Referring now to
The method 50 is described hereinafter in the context of a setup tool wherein a plurality of application components may be selectively installed or upgraded according to user prompted desired setup information, and which tool may further comprise one or more service packs associated with one or more applications residing on the user computer system, although other applications of the method 50 are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention. Beginning at step 52, a current application counter (CURRENT APP) is set to 1 at step 54. This counter may be used to increment through the applications associated with the setup tool, such as a suite of applications, to determine availability of associated service packs, and to selectively determine which (if any) of such service packs are to be installed according to the desired setup information and dependency information.
At step 56, the method 50 determines whether the current application (e.g., application number 1) has been previously installed (e.g., is pre-existing) on the user computer system. If not, the current application counter CURRENT APP is incremented at step 58, after which the counter is compared with a maximum value (MAX APP) at decision step 60. If the maximum value for the counter has been reached (e.g., CURRENT APP>MAX APP), the method 50 is completed at step 62. Otherwise, the method 50 returns to step 56, where a determination is made as to whether the next application (e.g., application number 2) is resident on the user system.
If so, the method 50 proceeds to decision step 64, whereat the availability of a service pack associated with the current application is verified, for example, by consulting an Internet web site or other source separate from the setup package. If available, the service pack is obtained from the web site at step 66. Otherwise, a determination is made as to whether a service pack associated with the current application is available from the setup package at decision step 68. If a service pack is available, it is obtained at step 70. If no service pack is available for the current application at steps 64 and 68, the method 50 proceeds to step 58 whereat the current application counter is incremented, as described above. At this point, it will be noted that the methodology of the present invention may, but need not, be implemented by obtaining service packs from a secondary source (e.g., from a web site via steps 64 and 66). However, as pointed out above, the consultation of such a secondary source may be advantageously employed to ensure the user gets the latest available service pack.
If a service pack is obtained at step 66 or 70, the method 50 proceeds to decision step 72, whereat a determination is made as to whether the current application requires the service pack. If the available service pack is not required by the current application, the method 50 returns to step 58, as described above. However, if the current application requires the available service pack, the method 50 proceeds to step 74. The determination at step 72 may be made, for example, according to dependency information associated with the current application. For instance, the software tool implementing the method 50 may determine that version 2 of the current application is currently installed in the user computer system, and the dependency information may indicate that an available service pack provides bug fixes for version 2 of the current application.
At decision step 74, a determination is made as to whether the current application is scheduled for upgrade. For example, the determination at step 74 may be made according to the desired setup information prompted via a user interface, such as a prompt screen wherein the user selects which applications to install or upgrade from a list of applications available in a suite, as illustrated and described hereinafter with respect to
If the current application is scheduled for upgrade (e.g., according to the desired setup information), the method proceeds to decision step 78. There, the method 50 determines whether the service pack is required for upgrading the current application in the user computer system (e.g., according to the dependency information). If so, the service pack is scheduled for installation at step 76. If not required for the scheduled upgrading of the current application, the service pack will not be installed, and the method 50 returns to step 58 for processing of any remaining applications. The method may thus proceed until all of the applications available in the setup package have been thus processed. Thus, the method 50 selectively provides for installation of service packs according to the desired setup and dependency information, whereby unnecessary service pack installation is avoided and the user system is ensured of being left in an operational state following the setup operation.
It will be further noted that the invention may comprise determining whether or not to install one or more service packs according to compatibility characteristics associated with any application and/or operating systems residing on the user system, regardless of whether the setup package includes upgrade versions of those applications or service packs associated therewith. For instance, the methods and tools of the invention may determine the existence of a software component (e.g., an application or operating system) in the system, and consult a secondary source (e.g., an Internet website) and determine that a service pack is available therefor. The tool may then obtain the service pack and schedule it for installation according to the dependency information and desired setup information. The tool may thus proceed to enquire as to service pack availability of one, some, or all applications residing in the system, regardless of whether or not the setup package has components related thereto.
As described with respect to the method 2 of
Referring now to
The selective installation of service packs according to the invention may be initiated, for example, by the user activating a next activator component 106, whereafter the setup tool may selectively install one or more service packs in a user computer system according to the desired final state of the system (e.g., desired setup information) as well as dependency information, as described above. Referring also to
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a software setup tool is provided for selectively installing service packs in a computer system, which comprises an interface for prompting a user for desired setup information relating to a desired setup for the computer system, as well as a service pack installation component adapted to install a service pack associated with a software component residing in the computer system if the software component requires the service pack and if the desired setup information indicates that an upgrade component corresponding to the software component is not to be installed. The tool may further install the service pack if the upgrade component is to be installed and if the service pack is required for upgrading the software component. It will be appreciated that while the software tools and service pack installation components of the invention may advantageously implement one or more of the methodologies described herein, that the software components of the invention are not limited to implementing these methodologies.
An exemplary software setup tool 200 in accordance with the invention is illustrated in
The service packs 230, 232, 234, and 236 maybe associated with one or more of the application upgrade components 210, 212, 214, and 216 in the tool 200, and/or with one or more software components 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, and/or 252 residing in the computer system 206. For example, the service pack 230 may be a service pack associated with software component 244, which includes application program number 3. The service pack 230 may, for example, be designed to rectify bugs in version 5 of software component 244 (application number 3).
The application upgrade components 210, 212, 214, and 216 in the tool 200, moreover, may be related to one or more of the software components 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, and/or 252 residing in the computer system 206. For example, the application upgrade component 210 may be an upgrade for software component 244 (application number 3), wherein component 210 is adapted to upgrade application number 3 to version 7.
The setup tool 200 may prompt the user 204, via user interface 202 (e.g., using the exemplary user interface component 100 of
With this desired setup information and the dependency information in the data store 218, the service pack installation component 220 may selectively install one, some, or all of the service packs 230, 232, 234, and 236 accordingly, in order to avoid unnecessary service pack installation and to leave the computer system 206 in a functional state. In addition, or in combination, the tool 200 may be adapted to access the Internet 260 using the modem 262 of the computer system 206, and to determine the availability of one or more secondary service packs. For example, a website server 264 may make service pack 266 (e.g., designed to provide bug fixes for version 2 of application number 2) available to the tool 200.
Continuing with the preceding example, the service pack installation component 220 may be launched via the user interface component 202 (e.g., via the user actuating the next activator component 106 of
The service pack installation component 220 may further determine that service pack 234 is required for fixing bugs in the pre-existing software component 248 (version 2 of application number 5) according to the dependency information in data store 218. Because the user 204 has elected not to upgrade the component 248 (according to the desired setup information), the service pack 234 will be scheduled for installation. In addition, the component 220 may consult the dependency information in data store 218 and determine therefrom that the service pack 236 is required to upgrade the software component 250 (version 2 of application number 6) using upgrade component 216, as desired by the user 204.
Furthermore, although the exemplary tool 200 includes no service pack (and no upgrade component) associated with the software component 242 (version 2 of application number 2) on the system 206, the tool 200 may advantageously obtain the service pack 266 associated therewith, and schedule the service pack 266 for installation onto the system 206. Although the installation of this service pack 266 may not be anticipated by the user 204 (e.g., because no upgrade of the software component 242 was offered in the initial upgrade selection prompting of user interface component 202), the interface component may further prompt the user 204 to accept or refuse installation of the scheduled service packs.
While the above examples have illustrated and described the invention in the context of installing service packs and upgrade components associated with various application programs, it will be appreciated that service packs and/or upgrade components associated with other types of software components (e.g., operating systems) may be advantageously selectively installed according to desired setup information and dependency information, within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that while the data store 218 of
In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the invention,
Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the inventive methods may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects of the invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. However, some, if not all aspects of the invention can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
With reference to
The system bus 318 may be any of several types of bus structure including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of conventional bus architectures such as PCI, VESA, Microchannel, ISA, and EISA, to name a few. The computer 312 memory may include read only memory (ROM) 320 and random access memory (RAM) 322. A basic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 312, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 320.
The computer 312 further includes a hard disk drive 324, a magnetic disk drive 326, e.g., to read from or write to a removable disk 328, and an optical disk drive 330, e.g., for reading a CD-ROM disk 332 or to read from or write to other optical media. The hard disk drive 324, magnetic disk drive 326, and optical disk drive 330 are connected to the system bus 318 by a hard disk drive interface 334, a magnetic disk drive interface 336, and an optical drive interface 338, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, etc. for the computer 312, including for the storage of broadcast programming in a suitable digital format.
Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk and a CD-ROM, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of media which are readable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment, and further that any such media may contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods of the present invention.
A number of program modules may be stored in the drives and RAM 322, including an operating system 340, one or more application programs 342, other program modules 344, and program data 346. The operating system 340 in the illustrated computer is, for example, the “Microsoft Windows NT” operating system, although it is to be appreciated that the present invention may be implemented with other operating systems or combinations of operating systems, such as UNIX, LINUX, etc.
A user may enter commands and information into the computer 312 through a keyboard 348 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 350. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a satellite dish, a scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 314 through a serial port interface 352 that is coupled to the system bus 318, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, a game port, a universal serial bus (“USB”), an IR interface, etc. A monitor 354 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 318 via an interface, such as a video adapter 356. In addition to the monitor, a computer typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers etc.
The computer 312 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 358. The remote computer(s) 358 may be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, microprocessor based entertainment appliance (e.g., a WebTV client system), a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 312, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 360 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include a local area network (LAN) 362 and a wide area network (WAN) 364. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 312 is connected to the local network 362 through a network interface or adapter 366. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 312 typically includes a modem 368, or is connected to a communications server on the LAN, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 364, such as the Internet. The modem 368, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 318 via the serial port interface 352 (e.g., for communications over POTS). The modem 368, alternatively, may be connected to the system bus 318 via the network interface or adapter 366 (e.g., for communication over DSL, cable, satellite, etc.). In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 312, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device 360. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to certain implementations, it will be appreciated that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components (assemblies, devices, circuits, systems, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure, which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary applications and implementations of the invention.
In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several aspects or implementations of the invention, such a feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes”, “including”, “has”, “having”, and variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” and its variants.
What has been described above includes examples of the present invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the present invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present invention are possible. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20020066010 A1 | May 2002 | US |
