Patent Application
20110022498
Embodiments are generally related to data-processing systems and methods. Embodiments also relate in general to the field of computers and similar technologies and, in particular to, software utilized in this field. Embodiments are additionally related to methods and systems for transforming product intent descriptions into a process network.
JDF (Job Definition Format) is an example of an open, extensible, XML-based print workflow specification framework. The JDF format ties together authoring, production, management, manufacturing, delivery, and MIS (Management Information System) control. The JDF intent-to-process conversion system transforms a product description (e.g., JDF Intent) into a process network (e.g., JDF process) and specifies dynamic process parameters with respect to each process node for execution by a workflow system. Such a conversion approach utilizes information provided in the product description to completely parameterize a workflow plan to manufacture a desired product. The product description includes intent parameters associated with product characteristics such as, for example, binding, color models, finishing sizes and references to artwork content such as PDL and supporting data files (e.g., images, fonts, profiles, etc.). The process networks in combination with the static process parameters set on specific workflow applications in a workflow system result in a fully populated workflow specification for a production shop.
When a workflow is defined in the context of a workflow system, the workflow is intended to manufacture some particular product type. For example, a workflow that includes a signature booklet imposition followed by printing and finally saddle stitching is most likely intended to manufacture booklets. The relationship between the workflow and the description of the type of product to be manufactured by the workflow is usually implicit in the workflow system and only explicitly known to the people utilizing the workflow system. In some cases, a name (or tag) may be provided to the workflow. An example of such a name or tag is “My Booklet Workflow”. One problem with this approach is that the name or tag may not be suitable for use with a completely automated workflow system. The explicit relationship between individual workflows and the type of product manufactured by the workflow is necessary where lights-out automation is desired. Also, the existing intent-to-process conversion system is limited by the fact that it does not currently consider the product types that can be manufactured by the various workflows in a workflow system. Furthermore, configuring an order entry system for a production shop that reflects what can actually be manufactured by the production shop's workflow system is currently accomplished manually.
Based on the foregoing, it is believed that a need exists for an improved method and system for automatically identifying a target workflow to manufacture a product type. A need also exists for a method and system for determining the type of products manufactured by the workflow and automatically configuring an order entry, as described in greater detail herein.
The following summary is provided to facilitate an understanding of some of the innovative features unique to the present invention and is not intended to be a full description. A full appreciation of the various aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be gained by taking the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.
It is, therefore, one aspect of the present invention to provide for an improved data-processing method, system, and computer-usable medium.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide for an improved method and system for automatically identifying a target workflow to manufacture a product type.
It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide for an improved method and system for determining types of products manufactured by a workflow.
It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide for an improved method and system for automatically populating an order entry system with product catalog entry data utilizing product description information.
The aforementioned aspects and other objectives and advantages can now be achieved as described herein. A method and system for transforming a product intent description into a process network utilizing a target workflow are disclosed. The product description can be classified as a specific product type utilizing a product type classification system. The product description can be routed to a target workflow that is reliably classified to manufacture the product type associated with the product description. The classification of the workflow can be automatically done by comparing a workflow description to a set of product type descriptions in order to determine the product type(s) the workflow is intended to manufacture by a rule-based expert system. Note that a “product type description” as utilized herein describes a particular product type using well-defined product type characteristics (e.g., a Booklet is always saddle stitched). A product type description does not describe a specific product to be manufactured. Instead, it describes the characteristic required of a “product intent description” in order for it to be classified as the given product type. A “product intent description” as utilized herein refers generally to a specific product to be manufactured.
The detailed product descriptions for the product types associated with the workflow can be utilized to create/populate the product catalog entries of an order entry system. Thereafter, a workflow automation system converts the product description to a workflow plan utilizing both the product description and the target workflow description. The resulting process may be utilized by the workflow automation system to manufacture the product. Note that the term “product description” as utilized herein is a synonym for “product intent description.”
In one embodiment, the workflow description from the workflow (e.g., the type of imposition—signature booklet, multi-up) associated with the workflow system and the product type descriptions (e.g., Business Cards are 3.5″×2″, Booklets require saddle stitching) can be provided to the rule-based system. The rule-base that realizes relationships between the workflow steps and the characteristics utilized to describe the product types can be loaded into the rule-based system. The facts collected from the product type descriptions and the rule-base can be utilized by the rule-based expert system to map the workflow description to a set of zero or more pre-existing product types. Alternatively, if a match to a pre-existing product type does not exist, then the product type description inferred by the rule-base can be added to the existing product type classification system. Such an approach can be done automatically or after confirmation from a user of the system. If the expert system cannot determine even a suitable product type description, then a notification can be presented to the user of the system.
In a second embodiment, the workflows in the workflow system can be queried to determine the workflow that matches the product type associated with the product description. If the workflows do not have product types associated with them, then the workflows can be automatically classified as described in the first embodiment and the workflows can be subsequently queried. If exactly one workflow matches the product description, then the workflow can be utilized as the target workflow and the result can be sent automatically to the workflow for processing. If more than one workflow matches, then a workflow system operator can be presented with a choice to choose the workflow. If no workflow matches, then the workflow system operator can be prompted to create a valid workflow. The information about the target workflow along with the information from the product description produce a process network consistent with the product description and the target workflow that is more likely to be consistent with the user's expectations.
In a third embodiment, the order entry system queries the workflow system to retrieve a list of product types associated with the workflows in the workflow system. If the product types are not available, the order entry system can request the workflow system to determine the list of product types that the workflow can manufacture as described in the first embodiment. The order entry system then retrieves the detailed product type descriptions for the various product types from the product type library. The order entry system utilizes the product type descriptions and the workflow descriptions to create/populate the document catalog entries. Such an approach reduces the time required to synchronize the configurations of the order entry system with that of the workflow automation system and increases reliability.
Also, routing the product description to the workflow that is reliably known to manufacture the product type described by the product description enable some aspects of lights-out automation. Furthermore, reliably associating the workflow with a semantically meaningful product type name and with an entire set of semantically meaningful product type characteristics enables several unique applications. Such an approach allows the customer to define the product types simply by defining workflows to manufacture the products. The relationship between the workflow and the description of the type of product to be manufactured by the workflow are known to the user utilizing the workflow system.
The accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally-similar elements throughout the separate views and which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, further illustrate the present invention and, together with the detailed description of the invention, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
The particular values and configurations discussed in these non-limiting examples can be varied and are cited merely to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.
As depicted in
The interface 153, which is preferably a graphical user interface (GUI), also serves to display results, whereupon the user may supply additional inputs or terminate a given session. Note that the term “GUI” generally refers to a type of environment that represents programs, files, options, and so forth by means of graphically displayed icons, menus, and dialog boxes on a computer monitor screen. A user can interact with the GUI 153 to select and activate such options by pointing and clicking with a user input device such as, for example, a pointing device such as a mouse and/or with a keyboard. A particular item can function in the same manner to the user in all applications because the GUI provides standard software routines (e.g., module 152) to handle these elements and reports the user's actions.
In one possible embodiment, operating system 151 and interface 153 can be implemented in the context of a “Windows” system. It can be appreciated, of course, that other types of systems are possible. For example, rather than a traditional “Windows” system, other operation systems such as, for example, Linux may also be employed with respect to operating system 151 and interface 153. Module 152 can be adapted for automatically identifying a target workflow to manufacture a product type, a module adapted for determining type of products manufactured by the workflow, and a module adapted for automatically populating an order entry system with product catalog entries utilizing the product description information. Application module 152, on the other hand, can include instructions such as the various operations described herein with respect to the various components and modules described herein such as, for example, the methods 300, 600 and 900 depicted in
The following description is presented with respect to embodiments of the present invention, which can be embodied in the context of a data-processing system such as data-processing apparatus 100 and computer software system 150 depicted respectively
The product type library 210 consists of semantically well-defined product type descriptions 215 such as, for example, a “Business Card” must be 3.5″×2″, has no binding, is at most 2 pages, etc. The product classification system 220 can classify the product description 205 as the product type 225 in the product type library 210. The workflow system 240 generally includes one or more workflows and each workflow can be classified as being capable of manufacturing one or more product types defined in the product type library 210. The workflow descriptions 245 associated with each workflow can be classified by the workflow classification system 230 for determining the types of products manufactured by the workflow. The workflow system 245 routes the product description 205 to a workflow that is capable of manufacturing the product described by the product description 205.
A rule-based expert system 235 maps the workflow description 245 to a set of product type characteristics and eventually to the product type description 215. The system 200 further includes an order entry system 265 that presents to a print buyer the product descriptions 215 in the form of document/product catalog entries 270. The order entry system 265 retrieves from the workflow system 240 a list of product types associated with the workflows in the workflow system 240. Furthermore, the actual detailed product type descriptions 215 for the various product types 225 can also be retrieved and utilized to populate the product/document catalog entries 270 within the order entry system 265. The product description 205 in association with a target workflow can be sent to a workflow automation system 250 and then transformed into JDF process networks 255. Note that the workflow automation system 250 is preferably a part of the overall workflow system 240. The JDF process 255 generally represents a workflow plan. Specifically, JDF process 255 provides a way to describe the workflow plan in a print shop. The specific structural details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for the claims and/or as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.
A determination can then be made whether the workflow match a product type, as indicated at block 320. If a match is not found, a workflow system operator can be prompted to create a valid workflow or the job can be rejected, as depicted at block 325. Otherwise, another determination can be made if more than one workflow matches the product type, as indicated at block 330. If more than one workflow matches the product type, then the workflow system operator can be presented with a choice to choose the workflow, as illustrated at block 335. Once the operator (or automaton) selects the workflow, the resultant workflow can be automatically sent as the target workflow for processing, as depicted at block 345. Thereafter, another determination can be made if exactly one workflow matches the product type, as indicated at block 340. If exactly one workflow matches, then the intent-to-process conversion system 200 automatically sends the resultant workflow as the target workflow for processing, as depicted at block 345.
The workflow system 240 now invokes the method 600 for determining the types of products manufactured by the workflow. The workflow system 240 now selects workflow #1 to manufacture the product description 205. The JDF product description 205 and workflow #1 can be utilized by the product description to process conversion system 200 to convert the product description 205 into process 255. If the workflow is tagged manually (with semantically meaningful product type names and descriptions), then the tagging can be validated utilizing the user interface 153. The rule-based expert system 235 reliably associates the workflow with a semantically meaningful product type name or with an entire set of semantically meaningful product type characteristics.
The facts collected include: the sequence of workflow steps, the type of imposition for each imposition workflow step (e.g., multi-up, signature-booklet, etc), the media size (image size) required for each workflow step, the final print media size (e.g., press-sheet size), the binding to be performed (inline and/or offline), and the folding to be performed (inline and/or offline). The rule-base that understands the relationships between workflow steps and the characteristics utilized to describe the product types can be loaded into the expert system 235, as depicted at block 640. The rule-base can be already created and deployed as part of the expert system 235. In other words, the knowledge engineering required to create the rule-base has occurred either as part of the development of the expert system 235 or when the expert system 235 is deployed.
The facts collected from the existing product type descriptions 215 and the rule-base can be utilized by the rule-based expert system 235 to map the workflow description 245 to a set of zero or more pre-existing product types 225, as illustrated at block 650. A determination can be made if a match to the pre-existing product type 225 exists, as indicated at block 660. If a match to the pre-existing product type 225 does not exist, then the product type description inferred by the rule-base can be added to the existing product type classification system 220, as depicted at block 670. Such an approach can be done automatically or after confirmation from a user of the system 200. An arbitrary or user defined product type name such as “simple coloring book” can be given to the new product type description 260.
If the rule-based expert system 235 cannot determine even a suitable product type description, then a notification such as, for example, a warning or an error message can be presented to the user of the system 200. Note that a given workflow may be mapped to more than one product type description. For example, in some workflow systems, a single workflow may be specified, produces either business cards or post cards, if an imposition of maximum multi-up is utilized given that the cutting process is outside the scope of the workflow system. The association between the product type and the workflow can be persistently stored for later use by other applications, as illustrated at block 680.
The method 600 described herein is intended to mimic the reasoning that a human can perform when analyzing the workflow to determine the kind of product the system 200 can manufacture. A great deal of the knowledge required to build the expert system 235 is readily available from sources such as, for example, customer facing teams that help develop workflow solutions, information gathered from customer visits, and general industry knowledge of production workflows. The mechanism of discovering new product types and adding them to the product type library 210 ensures that the product type library 210 remains consistent (e.g., no duplicate or conflicting product type definitions).
For example, consider analyzing the following workflow description “Impose [5×2 Multi-up Step & Repeat, 8.5″×11″ Media]→Print [8.5″×1″ Media],” wherein all settings specified in the workflow must be utilized. The rule-based expert system 235 analyzes the workflow and determines that for a product manufactured by this workflow, the finished (final) dimensions must be smaller than or equal to 3.5″×2″. This can be determined from the fact that any larger size product cannot be imposed by the impose step without clipping the pages or reducing to fit. The system 200 also determines that there is no binding based on the form of the imposition and the fact that no default binding is specified in the print step. Also, there must be 2 or fewer pages in the job since the imposition is step and repeat and the product can be either single or double sided. This is determined because nothing is specified about the sidedness in either the impose step or print step. The resulting characteristics from the analysis describe a product type 700, as illustrated in
The rule-based expert system 235 then compares the characteristics to the already known product type descriptions and determines that the product type “Business Card” matches the inferred characteristics. As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. Note that the inference rules described in this example (above) and in following examples are not intended to be completely accurate. They are instead intended to demonstrate the nature of such inference rules. The actual inference rules are in many cases significantly more complex and interdependent.
Consider another example for analyzing the following workflow description “Impose [2×1 Multi-up Cut & Stack, 17″×11″ Media]→Print [17″×11″ Media]”. The rule-based expert system 235 analyzes the workflow and determines that for a product manufactured by this workflow, the finished (final) dimensions must be smaller than or equal to 8.5″×11″. This is determined from the fact that any larger size product cannot be imposed by the impose step without clipping the pages or reducing to fit. The rule-based expert system 235 also determines that there is no binding based on the form of the imposition and the fact that no default binding is specified in the print step. The product can be either single or double sided and is determined because nothing is specified about the sidedness in either the impose step or print step. The resulting characteristics from this analysis describe a product type 750, as illustrated in
The rule-based expert system 235 then compares these characteristics to the already known product type descriptions and determine that no currently defined product matches the inferred characteristics. The rule-based expert system 235 continues to analyze the workflow looking for less obvious matches between product types and the workflow. Since the imposition is “Multi-up Cut & Stack” a cutting process not actually defined in the workflow description is inferred, the cutting is assumed the inferred form of the imposition of the final product is changed from “Multi-up Cut & Stack” to “None.” Note that since the imposition type is “None,” the imposition type infer standard bindings (e.g., “Corner Stitch,” “Side Stitch,” “Tape Binding,” etc.) as possible binding values. No binding value, however, is specified during the print step, which is consistent with the use of offline finishing. The resulting characteristics from this analysis describe a product type 800, as illustrated in
The rule-based expert system 235 then compares these characteristics to the already known product type descriptions and determines that “Stitched Pages” (partially) matches the inferred characteristics. Such an approach can be performed based on user direction and the product type description inferred and can be saved as a new product type 260 in the product type classification system 220. The new product type description 260 and its association with the given workflow are persistently known to the system 200. Such an approach maps workflow descriptions 245 to product type characteristics to enable the generation of new product type descriptions 260 that can be added to the product type classification system 225. If a workflow is tagged manually (with semantically meaningful product type names and descriptions), then the tagging can be validated utilizing the method 600. The user interface 153 can be utilized to allow the user/operator to interact with the system 200 when validating manual tagging.
Thereafter, the detailed product type descriptions 215 for the various product types can be retrieved from the product type library 210, as illustrated at block 920. The detailed product type descriptions 215 can be utilized to create/populate the document catalog entries 270 that are eventually presented to a print buyer, as indicated at block 930. The order entry system 265 also retrieves the workflow description 245 along with the detailed product type description 215 and uses both when creating/populating the document catalog entries 270. The method 900 reduces the time required to synchronize the configurations of the order entry system 265 with that of the workflow system 240 and increases reliability. Also, the method 900 provides a means to enable lights-out automation when utilizing order entry system 265 and workflow system 240.
For example, consider the process description resource information associated with the product type library 210 illustrated in
The product description 205 sent to the specific process workflow automation system 250 can be transformed into process networks 255 which is more likely to be consistent with the user's expectations. Also, routing the product description 205 to the workflow that is reliably known to manufacture the product type described by the product description 205 enable some aspects of lights-out automation. Furthermore, reliably associating the workflow with a semantically meaningful product type name or with an entire set of semantically meaningful product type characteristics enables several unique applications. Such an approach allows the customer to define product types simply by defining workflows to manufacture the products. The relationship between the workflow and the description of the type of product to be manufactured by the workflow are known to the user utilizing the workflow system 240.
Note that the methodology disclosed herein (e.g., method 300, 600 and 900) can be implemented in the context of a computer-useable medium that contains a program product. Such a methodology or approach may also be implemented in a computer-usable medium containing a program product. Programs defining particular functions/instructions such as those depicted in the accompany figures can be delivered to a data storage system or a computer system via a variety of signal-bearing media which include, without limitation, non-writable storage media (e.g., CD-ROM), writable storage media (e.g., hard disk drive, read/write CD ROM, optical media), system memory such as, but not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), and communication media such as computer and telephone networks including Ethernet, the Internet, wireless networks, and like network systems. It should be understood, therefore, that such signal-bearing media when carrying or encoding computer readable instructions that direct method functions in the present invention, represent alternative embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, it is understood that the present invention may be implemented by a system having components in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware as described herein or their equivalent.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the term “computer” or “system” or “computer system” or “Computing device” includes any data processing system including, but not limited to, personal computers, servers, workstations, network computers, main frame computers, routers, switches, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's), telephones, and any other system capable of processing, transmitting, receiving, capturing and/or storing data.
It will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also, that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
