The invention is directed to concrete construction joints, and more specifically to a method and system for constructing a concrete waterstop joint and a use of a cementitious and reactive waterproofing grout strip.
In concrete construction joints, such as a wall-to-slab intersection; mechanical methods of preventing water leakage through the joint, such as installing a membrane or liner between adjacent concrete pieces, may be employed.
For example, a membrane fabricated from a nonporous or water-impermeable membrane, such as a strip of plastic, may be partially longitudinally embedded in a horizontal slab, such that part of the membrane protrudes generally upward from the slab surface. A vertical wall may then be poured over the protruding part, fully embedding the membrane in the joint and forming a barrier to water migration. However, such a construction may not prevent water and waterborne chemicals to seep into capillaries and other crevices in the surrounding concrete and thus migrate around the membrane. Moreover, the membrane may become brittle from age or mechanical fatigue and crack, allowing water to pass directly through the barrier.
Alternatively, a liner made from a porous material, such as clay, may be interposed between adjacent concrete pieces, such as to trap and absorb migrating moisture. However, moisture absorption may cause such a liner to swell. However, upon drying the liner will shrink. Repeated cycles will cause the liner to fail.
Accordingly, a need exists for an improved method and system for preventing water leakage through a concrete joint which overcomes the deficiencies noted above and that is easy and quick to use. Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the description that follows.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of constructing a concrete waterstop joint between first and second concrete portions. The method may include applying a continuous longitudinal cementitious and reactive waterproofing grout strip to a top surface of a joint area of the first concrete portion and forming the second concrete portion over the grout strip.
The method may further include bringing the top surface of the joint area of the first concrete portion to a saturated/surface dry (SSD) condition prior to applying the continuous longitudinal cementitious and reactive waterproofing grout strip. The method may also further include applying a cementitious and reactive waterproofing slurry to the top surface of the joint area and/or to the grout strip and forming the second concrete portion over the top surface of the joint area.
According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a use of a cementitious and reactive waterproofing grout strip comprising applying the grout strip to a top surface of a joint area of a first concrete portion in the construction of a concrete waterstop joint between the first concrete portion and a second concrete portions portion.
A cementitious and reactive waterproofing slurry may also be used on the top surface of the joint area and/or grout strip.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention there is also provided a system of constructing a concrete waterstop joint. The system may include a first concrete portion having a top surface joint area, a continuous cementitious and reactive waterproofing longitudinal grout strip connectable to the top surface joint area, and a second concrete portion formable over the grout strip.
The system may include a cementitious and reactive waterproofing slurry applicable to the top surface joint area and/or grout strip and a second concrete portion formable over the top surface joint area.
The grout strip may be formed to have a triangular cross-section with an altitude to base ratio of 3:5 which may be substantially positioned along the center-line of the top surface joint area.
The cementitious and reactive waterproofing slurry may conform to CSI Master Format 2004 071600 and 071616. The cementitious and reactive waterproofing slurry may be Krystol™ or Xypex™mixture.
The preferred embodiment of the invention will be described by reference to the drawings thereof in which:
Once the joint area 12 has been prepared, a continuous longitudinal grout strip 16 may then be formed on the top surface of the joint area 12 using a trowel or other similar shaping tool. The grout 16 or putty may be a concentrated aqueous suspension of slurry sealant (discussed below).
Here, the grout strip 16 runs generally parallel to a line formed by the rebar 14 and is formed substantially along the center-line of the joint area 12. Although the grout strip 16 is shown positioned to one side of the rebar 14, it may optionally be positioned to the other side, or partially or completely surrounding the point of intersection of the rebar with the concrete surface. Optionally, more than one grout strip may be formed, for example, one on either side of the rebar 14.
As can be seen in
Once the grout strip 16 has been positioned and shaped as desired, the grout strip and surrounding joint area 12 may be treated with a cementitious and reactive waterproofing slurry sealant 18 which may be a less concentrated aqueous suspension of sealant than the grout 16. Such water-reactive crystal forming slurry sealants may react with water to facilitate crystalline growth, which may fill or plug surface pores or capillaries, preventing water migration. After application, water-reactive chemicals in the sealant may remain dormant in anhydrous conditions. However, the dormant chemicals may be reactivated in the presence of water to form additional water migration-impeding crystalline growth.
Thus, interposing such a slurry sealant between adjacent concrete layers may prevent water from migrating through the intersection, since water may trigger crystal formation, which may in turn block an aperture through which water may migrate. Moreover, cracks in the concrete may form subsequent to pouring due to settling or mechanical fatigue, which may provide new water migration paths. However, the “self-sealing” nature of the sealant chemicals may fill or plug such paths with crystal growth upon contact with moisture that has moved through the paths.
Any suitable cementitious and reactive waterproofing slurry sealant may be used. For example, sealants which conform to CSI Master Format 2004 071600 or CSI Master Format 2004 071616 may be used. Exemplary sealants include Krystol waterproofing mixture as available from the Kryton Group of Companies of Vancouver, B.C., Canada. The physical and/or chemical composition of the slurry sealant may be a factor in the selection of a desired material for creating a waterstop joint. For example, Krystol is a concrete compatible powder that may be aqueously suspended in varying concentrations, such as to create a putty or slurry. Krystol is also available in waterstop grout form and in slurry form.
Depending on the makeup of the slurry and/or grout strip, a chemical bond formed between the grout strip 16 and the concrete surface upon which the grout strip is formed may be strengthened and rendered impermeable to moisture when the concrete has a damp, porous surface. Moisture may promote crystalline growth, and pores may allow penetration of crystalline formation into the concrete surface. Thus, a preliminary, preparatory step such as grinding, water-blasting, shot-blasting, or similar means, may be performed to create, or increase the porosity of, a porous concrete surface to which the grout strip 16 or slurry 18 is applied.
Further, the grout strip 16 may be allowed to dry, or set prior to slurry 18 treatment. The selection of drying/setting time, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, may relate to such factors as grout strip size and shape, concrete surface conditions, ambient conditions, chemical makeup of the grout strip and/or slurry, and so forth. These characteristics also may affect any chemical bonding reaction between the slurry sealant and the concrete surface.
Slurry 18 may be applied to the intended joint area 12 of the concrete surface in any suitable method, such as by brush or roller. Applying slurry 18 with a bristled concrete brush may achieve a desired degree of contact and penetration. Slurry 18 may be applied within or beyond the intended joint area 12 over which a subsequent concrete portion will be poured. In
Similar to the grout strip 16, the slurry 18 may be allowed to dry prior to a subsequent concrete pour. Since any water-reactive chemicals of the slurry sealant 18 may remain dormant after the joint is formed, a subsequent concrete portion may be poured over the treated surface at any time appropriate for the slurry sealant selected.
A second, adjacent concrete portion may then be poured or formed over the grout strip 16 and slurry 18 treated surface 12 to complete the installation of the waterstop joint. Optionally, only the grout strip 16 or the slurry 18 may be used, or additional grout strips or slurries may be used.
Viewed from a first aspect,
Alternatively, viewed from a second aspect,
It is believed that the disclosure set forth above encompasses multiple distinct embodiments and methods with independent utility. While each of these embodiments and methods may have been disclosed in a preferred form, the specific embodiments and methods as disclosed and illustrated herein are not to be considered in a limiting sense as numerous variations are possible. The subject matter of the embodiments and methods includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and subcombinations of the various elements, features, steps, functions and/or properties disclosed herein.
Inventions embodied in various combinations and subcombinations of features, functions, elements, and/or properties may be claimed through presentation of claims in a related application. Such claims, whether they are directed to embodiments or methods different from those disclosed herein or directed to the same, whether different, broader, narrower or equal in scope to the described embodiments and methods, are also regarded as included within the subject matter of the present disclosure.
This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/574,291, filed May 24, 2004, the specification and drawings of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/CA2005/000778 | 5/20/2005 | WO | 00 | 11/21/2006 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2005/116354 | 12/8/2005 | WO | A |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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