Patent Application
20130269360
This application is related to [GE Docket 249101], [GE Docket 249104], [GE Docket 250883], [GE Docket 250998], [GE Docket 254241], [GE Docket 256159], [GE Docket 257411], and [GE Docket 258552] filed concurrently herewith, which are fully incorporated by reference herein and made a part hereof.
The present application relates generally to a combined cycle powerplant, and more particularly to, a system and method for operating the powerplant when base-load output is not desired.
In an air-ingesting turbomachine, compressed air and fuel are mixed and combusted to produce a high energy fluid (hereinafter “working fluid”) that is directed to a turbine section. The working fluid interacts with turbine buckets to generate mechanical energy. These buckets rotate a shaft coupled to the load, such as an electrical generator. The shaft rotation induces current in a coil electrically coupled to an external electrical circuit. In the case where the turbomachine is part of a combined cycle power plant, the high energy fluids exiting the turbine section are directed to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Here heat from the working fluid is transferred to water for steam generation.
The combustion process creates undesirable emissions and/or pollutants, such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). Reducing these pollutants is necessary for environmental and/or regulatory reasons. Some turbomachines incorporate exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) processes help to reduce these pollutants.
Stoichiometric EGR (S-EGR) is a form of EGR where the combustion process consumes a supplied oxidant. The oxidant can include, for example, air or an oxygen source. In an S-EGR system, only enough oxidant is supplied to the combustion system to achieve complete combustion, on a mole basis. The S-EGR process can be configured to yield an exhaust stream that is substantially oxygen-free and includes a relatively high concentration of a desirable gas.
Although power plants normally operate at base-load, there are scenarios when there is not a demand for base-load output. Therefore, there is a desire for a method and system of operating the powerplant at part-load, where base-load output is not desired. As used herein, part-load is synonymous with low-load.
Certain embodiments commensurate in scope with the originally claimed invention are summarized below. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather these embodiments are intended only to provide a brief summary of possible forms of the invention. Indeed, the invention may encompass a variety of forms that may be similar to or different from the embodiments set forth below.
In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, a system comprising: a compressor comprising a compressor inlet and a compressor outlet; at least one combustion system that operatively generates a working fluid and comprises a head end and a discharge end, wherein the at least one combustion system is fluidly connected to a first fuel supply and the compressor outlet; a primary turbine section mechanically connected to the compressor, wherein the turbine section comprises a PT_inlet which receives the working fluid from the at least one combustion system, and a PT_outlet that discharges the working fluid; an HRSG fluidly connected to the PT_outlet, wherein the HRSG receives the working fluid, generates steam, and discharges the steam through a steam discharge; and a process coupled to the steam discharge of the HRSG, wherein the process receives the steam generated by the HRSG and comprises a steam turbine that further comprises at least two sections, wherein a first section comprises a first shaft and a second section comprises a section shaft and a clutch that operatively connects the first shaft and the second shaft.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, a method comprising: operating a compressor to compress an ingested airstream; passing to at least one combustion system: a compressed airstream, deriving from the compressor; delivering a fuel to the at least one combustion system which operatively combusts a mixture of: the fuel, and the compressed airstream; creating the working fluid; passing the working fluid from the at least one combustion system to a primary turbine section; and to an HRSG fluidly connected to the at least one combustion system, wherein the HRSG receives the working fluid, generates steam, and discharges the steam through a steam discharge; and operating a process that is fluidly coupled to the steam discharge of the HRSG, wherein the process receives the steam generated by the HRSG and comprises a steam turbine that further comprises at least two sections, wherein a first section comprises a first shaft and a second section comprises a section shaft and a clutch that operatively connects the first shaft and the second shaft; wherein the method operatively increases a turndown range of a powerplant.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention may become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying figures (FIGS) in which like characters represent like elements/parts throughout the FIGS.
One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in an engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions are made to achieve the specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and/or business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
Detailed example embodiments are disclosed herein. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative for purposes of describing example embodiments. Embodiments of the present invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms, and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
Accordingly, while example embodiments are capable of various modifications and alternative forms, embodiments thereof are illustrated by way of example in the figures and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit example embodiments to the particular forms disclosed, but to the contrary, example embodiments are to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” and/or “including”, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Although the terms first, second, primary, secondary, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, but not limiting to, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any, and all, combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Certain terminology may be used herein for the convenience of the reader only and is not to be taken as a limitation on the scope of the invention. For example, words such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front”, “rear”, “top”, “bottom”, “horizontal”, “vertical”, “upstream”, “downstream”, “fore”, “aft”, and the like; merely describe the configuration shown in the FIGS. Indeed, the element or elements of an embodiment of the present invention may be oriented in any direction and the terminology, therefore, should be understood as encompassing such variations unless specified otherwise.
The present invention may be applied to a variety of air-ingesting turbomachines. This may include, but is not limited to, heavy-duty gas turbines, aero-derivatives, or the like. Although the following discussion relates to the gas turbines illustrated in
Referring now to the FIGS, where the various numbers represent like components throughout the several views,
In
The gas turbine 105 may also include a primary combustion system 130 that receives: the compressed airstream; a fuel supply 185, comprising a first fuel conduit 190 and first fuel valve 195. The primary combustion system 130 combusts those fluids creating a working fluid.
An embodiment of the gas turbine 105, also includes a primary turbine section 135 having a PT_inlet 137 that receives the working fluid from the primary combustion system 130 to which the PT_inlet 137 is fluidly connected. The primary turbine section 135 may include rotating components and stationary components installed alternatively in the axial direction adjacent a rotor 125. The primary turbine section 135 converts the working fluid to a mechanical torque which drives the load 115 (generator, pump, compressor, etc). The primary turbine section 135 may then discharge the working fluid through the PT_outlet 139 to an exhaust section 150 and then to the HRSG 110 via associated conduits, piping, valves, etc.
An embodiment of the HRSG 110 may be fluidly coupled to the PT_outlet 139 of the primary turbine section 135 in a manner where a portion of the working fluid flows therein. The HRSG 110 may be configured to transfer heat from the portion of the working fluid to generate steam for use by a process. The process may include, but is not limited to a steam turbine 265. After flowing through the HRSG 110, the working fluid may discharge through the stack 225. An embodiment of the HRSG 110 may comprise a catalyst 230; which may reduce the levels of NOx, CO, and/or other undesirable emissions.
An embodiment of the steam turbine 265 may comprise an HP section 270, an IP section 275, and a LP section 285, wherein the steam discharge may be fluidly connected to the LP section 285. The configurations of some steam turbines 265 have the HP section 270 and the IP section 275 operatively connected to a first shaft 273; and the LP section 285 may be connected to a second shaft 283. Here, each shaft 273, 283 may allow operation of the HP/IP sections 270, 275 independent from operation of the LP section 285. Other configurations have all sections 270, 275, 285 cooperating in a tandem, or a “single rotor”, configuration. Here, a clutch 280 may operatively engage or disengage the first shaft 273 and the second shaft 283. This configuration may allow for operation of just the LP section 285. This may be beneficial in part-load operations. This may also increase the turn-down range of the powerplant.
In use, the first embodiment of the present invention may operate as follows. As the GT compressor 120 delivers compressed ambient air to the primary combustion system 130, the fuel supply 185 delivers a fuel (natural gas, oil, etc) to the primary combustion system 130.
Next, the primary combustion system 130 combusts the mixture of those fluids, creating the working fluid that engages the primary turbine section 135. Next, the working fluid may flow through the exhaust section 150.
During part load operation, after flowing through the HRSG 110, the working fluid may discharge through the stack 225. Concurrently, generated steam enters the LP section 285, for power generation; and the HP and IP sections, to rotate and seal the shaft 273 at a rotational speed less than that of the LP section 285. This is due to the disengagement of the clutch 280. As known in the art, there may be at least one other steam admission conduit that originates at the HRSG 110 and discharges steam into a higher pressure section (HP, IP, or the like) of the steam turbine 265.
An embodiment of the HRSG 110 may be fluidly coupled to the PT_outlet 139 of the primary turbine section 135 in a manner where a portion of the working fluid flows therein. The HRSG 110 may be configured to transfer heat from the portion of the working fluid to generate steam for use by a process. The process may include, but is not limited to a steam turbine 265. After flowing through the HRSG 110, the working fluid may discharge through the stack 225. An embodiment of the HRSG 110 may comprise a catalyst 230; which may reduce the levels of NOx, CO, and/or other undesirable emissions.
The above discussion, in relation to
The fuel supply 185, in accordance with embodiments illustrated in
The split-HRSG 112 may comprise a first section 210, a second section 215, and a HRSG damper 220 that divides the total working fluid between each section 210, 215. Here, the desired output of the load 290, may determine the flow split between sections 210, 215. In a S-EGR application, the mass flow between the sections is based on the flow required by the GT compressor 120. When the flows from the GT compressor 120, oxidant compressor 155, and the fuel supply 185 are combined, then the resulting flow (matched with a firing temperature) generally produces the appropriate output. The split-HRSG 112 may allow for a desired mass balance among the various components of the site 100.
Referring again to the figures,
In embodiments of the present invention, the GT compressor 120 operates independent of the oxidant compressor 155. The gas turbine 105 also includes a primary combustion system 130 that receives (through a head end): the compressed working fluid from the GT compressor outlet 123; a fuel supply 185, comprising a first fuel conduit 190 and first fuel valve 195; and the compressed oxidant from the airstream conduit 165 (in an amount sufficient for stoichiometric combustion). The primary combustion system 130 combusts those fluids creating the working fluid, which may be substantially oxygen-free, that exits the combustion system through a discharge end.
An embodiment of the gas turbine 105 also includes a primary turbine section 135 having a PT_inlet 137 that receives substantially all of the working fluid from the primary combustion system 130 of which the PT_inlet 137 is fluidly connected. The primary turbine section 135 is fluidly connected to the primary combustion system 130 from where the working fluid is received from the discharge end of the primary combustion system 130. The primary turbine section 135 may include rotating components and stationary components installed alternatively in the axial direction adjacent a rotor 125. The primary turbine section 135 converts the working fluid to a mechanical torque which drives the load 115 (generator, pump, compressor, etc). The primary turbine section 135 may then discharge the working fluid through the PT_outlet 139 to an exhaust section 150 and then to the split-HRSG 112 via associated conduits, piping, valves, etc.
The split-HRSG 112 may comprise a first section 210, a second section 215, and a HRSG damper 220 that apportions the total working fluid between each section 210,215. An embodiment of the first section 210 may be fluidly coupled to the PT_outlet 139 of the primary turbine section 135 in a manner where a portion of the working fluid flows therein. The first section 210 may be configured to transfer heat from the portion of the working fluid to generate steam for use by a process. The process may include, but is not limited to a steam turbine 265. After flowing through the first section 210, the working fluid may discharge through the stack 225. An embodiment of the first section 210 may comprise a catalyst 230; which may reduce the levels of NOx, CO, and/or other undesirable emissions. An embodiment of the present invention may include a catalyst 230 in the first section 210. An alternate embodiment of the present invention may include a catalyst 230 in the first and second sections 210, 215.
An embodiment of the second section 215 may also be fluidly coupled to the PT_outlet 139 in a manner where the remaining portion of the working fluid flows therein. The second section 215 may operate like the first section 210. Here, the second section 215 may also produce steam from which additional power and/or electricity may be produced. After flowing through the second section 215, the working fluid may discharge into the EGR system 240.
The EGR system 240 operatively returns to the GT compressor 120 the working fluid exiting the second section 215 of the split-HRSG 112. This may cool and moderate the reaction temperature associated with the combustion process. The second section 215 may be fluidly connected to a receiving or upstream end of the EGR system 240. A discharge end of the EGR system 240 may be fluidly connected to the inlet of the GT compressor 120, as described. An embodiment of the EGR system 240 comprises a control device that operatively adjusts a physical property of the working fluid. The control device may have the form of a heat exchanger 245, and/or an EGR compressor 250. As discussed below, embodiments of the EGR system 240 may comprise multiple control devices. The EGR system 240 may also comprise an EGR damper 235 which facilitates a purging process. Also during a part load operation the EGR damper 235 may aid in creating the mass balance of the overall system.
In use, the second embodiment of the present invention may operate as follows. As the oxidant compressor 155 delivers compressed ambient air to the primary combustion system 130, the GT compressor 120 delivers compressed working fluid to the primary combustion system 130. If ambient air at a higher pressure is required, then the booster compressor 160 may be used. The fuel supply 185 nearly simultaneously delivers a hydrocarbon-based fuel (natural gas, or the like) to the primary combustion system 130.
Next, the primary combustion system 130 combusts the mixture of those three fluids, to create the working fluid; which engages the primary turbine section 135. Next, the working fluid may flow through the exhaust section 150. Next, the working fluid may enter the first section 210 and the second section 215 of the split HRSG 112, as described.
After flowing through the first section 210, the working fluid may discharge through the stack 225 as the generated steam enters HP and IP sections 270, 275 and the LP section 285, as described. The remaining portion of the working fluid may enter the EGR system 240; after flowing through the second section 215. Depending on the configuration of the EGR system 240, the working fluid may flow through the heat exchanger 245, where a temperature reduction may occur. Then the working fluid may flow through an EGR compressor 250. Elements 245, 250 serve to adjust the pressure and/or temperature of the working fluid prior to returning to the gas turbine 105 through the GT compressor 120.
An embodiment of the steam turbine 265 may comprise an HP section 270, an IP section 275, and a LP section 285, as described. Operationally, some configurations admit steam to the HP section 270, which is then discharged through the exhaust of the HP section 270 and then to the HRSG 112. Here, mixing with the IP steam and reheating occurs; after which the steam is passed to the IP steam turbine 275. Next, the IP exhaust steam mixes with the LP admission steam and enters the LP steam turbine 285. The configurations of some steam turbines 265 have the HP section 270 and the IP section 275 operatively connected to a first shaft 273; and the LP section 285 may be connected to a second shaft 283. Here, each shaft 273, 283 may allow operation of the HP/IP sections 270,275 independent from operation of the LP section 285. Other configurations have all sections 270,275, 285 cooperating in a tandem, or a “single rotor”, configuration. Here, a clutch 280 may operatively engage or disengage the first shaft 273 with the second shaft 283. This configuration may allow for operation of just the LP section 285.
At part load, steam production tends to be biased to LP steam generation. Therefore the clutch 280 may disengage the HP/IP sections 270,275 from the LP steam turbine 285. Here, the LP section 285 rotates at nominal speed. The HP/IP section 270,275 rotates at a lower speed, dependent on the lower HP/IP steam flow from the split HRSG 112. This steam flow may seal the HP and IP sections 270,275. De-coupling the LP section 285 from the HP/IP sections 270,275 may be beneficial in part-load operations and increase the turn down range of the steam turbine 265.
The above discussion, in relation to
The embodiment illustrated in
Operationally, the steam turbine 265 and the split-HRSG 112 in this third embodiment may operate substantially similar to that of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, those of ordinary skill in the art appreciate that any arrangement, which is calculated to achieve the same purpose, may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and that the invention has other applications in other environments. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention. The following claims are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention to the specific embodiments described herein.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the many varying features and configurations described above in relation to the several embodiments may be further selectively applied to form other possible embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will further understand that all possible iterations of the present invention are not provided or discussed in detail, even though all combinations and possible embodiments embraced by the several claims below or otherwise are intended to be part of the instant application. In addition, from the above description of several embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will perceive improvements, changes, and modifications. Such improvements, changes, and modifications within the skill of the art are also intended to be covered by the appended claims. Further, it should be apparent that the foregoing relates only to the described embodiments of the present application and that numerous changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the following claims and the equivalents thereof.
