Patent Application
20140078961
This disclosure relates to a method and system for detecting synchronization signals in a mobile communications protocol, such as the Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) protocol.
Mobile communications protocols such as the 4G-LTE protocol currently in use have a frame/half-frame/subframe structure. Included in that frame/half-frame/subframe structure are synchronization signals. It is important in decoding a mobile communications transmission to be able to locate the synchronization signals, which carry information regarding frame boundaries, cell identities, carrier frequency, etc.
A number of factors may increase the difficulty of identifying the synchronization signals. For example, it may be more difficult to identify the synchronization signals when a user is moving around than when the user is standing still. Similarly, synchronization signals from other sources may arrive at around the same time at around the same frequency (e.g., from a service of the same carrier as the user's carrier but to which the user does not subscribe).
One technique used to identify the synchronization signals in the presence of such interfering signals is “successive interference cancellation” (SIC), which is an iterative technique in which multiple interfering signals are detected and subtracted sequentially until the clear desired signal remains. However, as currently applied to LTE synchronization signals, SIC is computationally intensive and time-consuming.
In accordance with this disclosure, there is provided a method of detecting a secondary synchronization signal in a received signal having desired primary and secondary synchronization signals and interfering primary and secondary synchronization signals. The method includes providing information regarding primary synchronization signal location and, based on the information regarding primary synchronization signal location, performing successive interference cancellation to remove the interfering secondary synchronization signals for detecting the desired secondary synchronization signal, without performing successive interference cancellation on the primary synchronization signals.
There is also provided apparatus for detecting a secondary synchronization signal in a received signal having (i) desired primary and secondary synchronization signals and (ii) interfering primary and secondary synchronization signals. The apparatus includes a source of information regarding primary synchronization signal location, and successive interference cancellation circuitry. The successive interference cancellation circuitry uses the information regarding primary synchronization signal location to remove the interfering secondary synchronization signals for detecting the desired secondary synchronization signal, without performing successive interference cancellation on the primary synchronization signals.
A communications system according to this disclosure includes a plurality of base stations, each respective one of the base stations transmitting primary and secondary synchronization signals. The system also includes a plurality of transceivers, each of the transceivers, at any one time, being in communication with a respective one of the base stations and including receiver circuitry for detecting a respective secondary synchronization signal from the respective one of the base stations while receiving (i) desired primary and secondary synchronization signals from the respective one of the base stations and (ii) interfering primary and secondary synchronization signals from other ones of the base stations. The receiver circuitry includes a source of information regarding primary synchronization signal location, and successive interference cancellation circuitry that uses the information regarding primary synchronization signal location to remove the interfering secondary synchronization signals for detecting the desired secondary synchronization signal, without performing successive interference cancellation on the primary synchronization signals.
Further features of the disclosure, its nature and various advantages, will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
This disclosure describes a method, apparatus and system for more efficiently acquiring LTE synchronization signals using SIC, by applying SIC only to the secondary synchronization signal.
Synchronization signals are transmitted in every LTE frame 10, and include both primary synchronization signals (PSSs) 101 and secondary synchronization signals (SSSs) 102. The primary synchronization signal appears in a fixed location in both the time domain and the frequency domain in every half-frame 11. Similarly, the secondary synchronization signal appears in a fixed location in both the time domain and the frequency domain in every half-frame 11. Although shown in
Cell identity (i.e., the identity of a cell or base station, also known as an “eNB” for “enhanced Node B” or “evolved Node B”) also can be derived from the synchronization signals. Specifically,
Cell identity=3×NID1+NID2
where NID1 is the sequence ID of a secondary synchronization signal, and NID2 is the sequence ID of a primary synchronization signal.
Other information, such as carrier frequency offset, also can be derived from synchronization signal acquisition.
As noted above, the primary synchronization signal is transmitted in a pre-specified location 101 in both the time and frequency domains in every half-frame 11 (i.e., every 5 ms). The primary synchronization signal can have one of three values—i.e., NID2=0, NID2=1, or NID2=2, which provides a lookup to a table of three possible sequence values.
As also noted above, the secondary synchronization signal also is transmitted in a pre-specified location 102 in both the time and frequency domains in every half-frame 11. For each value of NID2 (0, 1 or 2) in the PSS, the SSS can be one of 168 pairs of sequences (NID1=0, 1, 2, . . . 167, which provides a lookup to a table of 168 possible sequence values), with one member of the pair transmitted in the even half-frame and the other member of the pair transmitted in odd half-frames.
To identify itself, a given eNB will transmit the same PSS and the same pair of SSSs in every frame in pre-specified locations 101, 102 in both the frequency domain and the time domain.
As mentioned above, synchronization signal acquisition is used to identify frame boundaries, cell IDs, carrier frequency, etc. Different synchronization signals from multiple eNBs, sharing the same time and frequency allocations, might be received at one UE (user equipment)—i.e., a mobile handset or other mobile device (see
Except for the synchronization signals from the desired eNB, other synchronization signals are considered to be interference. In the case of initial network entry and cell re-selection, the desired eNB would be the strongest cell available. In the case of mobility measurement, the desired eNB would be the new cell to be identified. In all of these scenarios, it may be that the received signal strength from desired eNB is weaker than those from other eNBs. Therefore, it may be difficult to acquire the desired eNB because of a low SINR (signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio).
One known technique for detecting a desired signal, particularly where the interfering signal may have a higher SINR, is successive interference cancellation. The interfering signal or signals, particularly where some or all of them are stronger than the desired signal, can be serially identified and subtracted out in an iterative process 20 such as the one diagrammed in
Received signal 21 includes one desired signal and one or more interfering signals. At signal/interference detection module 22, an interfering signal is identified. That identity is passed at 23 to signal reconstruction module 24 which isolates and reconstructs the identified interfering signal 25 so that it can be subtracted at 26 from received signal 21. Signal/interference detection module 22 then looks for further interfering signals, sending them to signal reconstruction module 24 and subtractor 25 for further interfering signal removal. Eventually, signal/interference detection module 22 will not find any further interfering signals and will output the desired signal at 27.
This process frequently occurs when a UE is moving and new cells are coming into range, in which case the desired signal would be the synchronization signal of the new cell, while the interfering signals would be the synchronization signals of the current cell and possibly other nearby cells that are already known. In such a case, it is possible that the signals that are already known are stronger than the signal from the new cell, which is just coming into range. Therefore, an acceptable way to identify, in module 22, which signals are the interfering signals, is to identify the strongest signal first, then the next strongest, etc. However, another possibility may be to first identify known signals.
Successive interference cancellation has previously been implemented in LTE synchronization signal detection in the manner shown in
Received signal 321 is input to PSS loop 320, where signal/interference detection module 322 identifies interfering PSSs. In each pass through loop 320, one interfering PSS identity is passed at 323 to signal reconstruction module 324 which isolates and reconstructs the identified interfering PSS signal 325 so that it can be subtracted at 326 from received signal 321. Signal/interference detection module 322 then looks for further interfering PSS signals, sending them to signal reconstruction module 324 and subtractor 326 for further interfering PSS signal removal, until signal/interference detection module 322 cannot find any further interfering PSS signals and outputs the NID2 value and the time and frequency location of the desired PSS signal at 327.
Received signal 321 is then input to SSS loop 330, along with output 327 of PSS loop 320 which, as noted above, includes the PSS position which can be used to find the SSS position. Signal/interference detection module 332, to which the output 327 of PSS loop 320 is input, identifies interfering SSSs. In each pass through loop 330, one interfering SSS identity is passed at 333 to signal reconstruction module 334 which isolates and reconstructs the identified interfering SSS 335 so that it can be subtracted at 336 from received signal 321. Signal/interference detection module 332 then looks for further interfering SSS signals, sending them to signal reconstruction module 334 and subtractor 336 for further interfering SSS signal removal, until signal/interference detection module 332 cannot find any further interfering SSS signals and outputs the NID1 value of the desired SSS signal at 337.
In accordance with implementations of the current disclosure, PSS detection is performed on the received signal to detect the time and frequency locations of the PSS, without performing SIC to determine NID2. This is possible because both the desired and interfering PSSs may be at the same time and frequency locations—indeed, if they were not, they would not interfere, so the locations can be determined without determining which is the interfering signal and which is the desired signal. The PSS locations are then passed with the received signal to the SSS detection module. Because NID2 is not determined during PSS detection, SSS detection determines NID2 as well as NID1. This means that SSS detection in accordance with these implementations of this disclosure exhaustively searches all possible PSS/SSS sets, or at least a well-designed subset. Although this results in a search of up to three times as many SSS possibilities (assuming all PSS possibilities are included), this is acceptable because the reduction in resources (i.e., the device area that would have been consumed by the PSS SIC loop) and PSS acquisition time resulting from skipping the PSS SIC step (which can have as many as eight iterations based on the number of possible interfering signals) more than makes up for the increased SSS acquisition time.
According to further implementations of this disclosure, PSS detection can be skipped altogether (and PSS detection circuitry can be eliminated altogether, saving further device area) if PSS locations are known, in which case the PSS locations are passed directly to the SSS detection module.
In any implementation of this disclosure, the SSS detection will examine three times as many possibilities—168 vs. 3×168). However, while multiple iterations of the PSS detection could require more than one frame duration, the SSS search is a pipelined operation that consumes only a fraction—about one-tenth—of a frame duration. Therefore, even multiplying that duration by 3 does not exceed one frame duration, so performance is not affected.
An implementation according to this disclosure is shown in
Received signal 421 is input to PSS detection module 420, where the time and frequency locations of the strongest signal—whether it is the desired signal or an interfering signal—is determined, and passed at 426 to SSS loop 430 which also receives received signal 421. As noted above, if the desired and interfering PSSs did not overlap in time and frequency, they would not be interfering. Therefore, using the time and frequency locations of the strongest signal is acceptable. The method and apparatus operate more quickly than known methods and apparatus by virtue of not having to select from among the competing PSSs.
Received signal 421 and the PSS time and frequency locations at 426 are then input to SSS signal/interference detection module 432, identifying interfering SSSs. In each pass through loop 430, one interfering SSS identity is passed at 433 to signal reconstruction module 434 which isolates and reconstructs the identified interfering SSS 435 (searching the 3×168 possibilities of NID2/NID1 pairs) so that it can be subtracted at 436 from received signal 421. Signal/interference detection module 432 then looks for further interfering SSS signals, sending them to signal reconstruction module 434 and subtractor 436 for further interfering SSS signal removal, until signal/interference detection module 432 cannot find any further interfering SSS signals and outputs the NID2 and NID1 values of the desired SSS signal at 437.
As noted above, if PSS time and frequency locations 426 can be known or determined in some other way and provided directly to SSS signal/interference detection module 432, then PSS detection module 420 can be omitted, saving processing time and further reducing device area.
At any one time, each mobile device may be in communication with one particular base station 501-508, but in range of more than one base station 501-508. In some cases, implementations of the present disclosure can be used to identify the signal from the correct one of base stations 501-508. In other cases, implementations of the present disclosure can be used to identify the desired signal from among competing signals 511, 512, 513 from the same base station 501. For example, base station 501 may be shared by multiple carriers, or a single carrier may offer more than one service. Method and circuitry 400 can be used to allow mobile device 510 to identify the desired signal from among competing signals 511, 512, 513. It is contemplated that any one mobile device may need to distinguish its desired signal from up to eight additional interfering signals.
Thus it is seen that a synchronization signal detection system and method that operates more quickly, and consumes less device area, has been provided. Further aspects of the present invention also relate to one or more of the following clauses:
Clause 1. A method of detecting a secondary synchronization signal in a received signal having desired primary and secondary synchronization signals and interfering primary and secondary synchronization signals, the method comprising:
Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein providing information regarding primary synchronization signal location comprises deriving, from the received signal, the information regarding primary synchronization signal location.
Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein deriving, from the received signal, the information regarding primary synchronization signal location comprises detecting any of the desired and interfering primary synchronization signals.
Clause 4. The method of clause 3, wherein detecting any of the desired and interfering primary synchronization signals comprises detecting whichever of the desired and interfering primary synchronization signals is strongest.
Clause 5. The method of clause 1, wherein:
Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein detecting the first variable and the second variable comprises searching a plurality of first variable/second variable pairings.
Clause 7. Apparatus for detecting a secondary synchronization signal in a received signal having (i) desired primary and secondary synchronization signals and (ii) interfering primary and secondary synchronization signals, the apparatus comprising:
Clause 8. The apparatus of clause 7, wherein the source of information regarding primary synchronization signal location comprises a primary synchronization signal detector that derives, from the received signal, the information regarding primary synchronization signal location.
Clause 9. The apparatus of clause 8, wherein the primary synchronization signal detector derives, from the received signal, the information regarding primary synchronization signal location by detecting any of the desired and interfering primary synchronization signals.
Clause 10. The apparatus of clause 9, wherein herein the primary synchronization signal detector detects whichever of the desired and interfering primary synchronization signals is strongest.
Clause 11. The apparatus of clause 7, wherein:
Clause 12. The apparatus of clause 11, wherein the successive interference cancellation circuitry detects the first variable and the second variable by searching a plurality of first variable/second variable pairings.
Clause 13. A communications system comprising:
Clause 14. The communications system of clause 13, wherein the source of information regarding primary synchronization signal location comprises a primary synchronization signal detector that derives, from the received signals, the information regarding primary synchronization signal location.
Clause 15. The communications system of clause 14, wherein the primary synchronization signal detector derives, from the received signals, the information regarding primary synchronization signal location by detecting any of the desired and interfering primary synchronization signals.
Clause 16. The communications system of clause 15, wherein herein the primary synchronization signal detector detects whichever of the desired and interfering primary synchronization signals is strongest.
Clause 17. The communications system of clause 13, wherein:
Clause 18. The communications system of clause 17, wherein the successive interference cancellation circuitry detects the first variable and the second variable by searching a plurality of first variable/second variable pairings.
Clause 19. The communications system of clause 13, wherein the transceivers comprise mobile telephones.
It will be understood that the foregoing is only illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that the invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration and not of limitation, and the present invention is limited only by the claims which follow.
This claims the benefit of, and priority to, copending, commonly-assigned U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/702,444, filed Sep. 18, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61702444 | Sep 2012 | US |
