Patent Application
20070022197
Embodiments of the present invention relate to the distribution and management of audio in residences and businesses utilizing infrastructures provided by a local area network, a wide area network, or a combination of the two. This invention can be utilized on a network based on any medium, wired or wireless, but will be described further here in relation to a broadband power line network and/or a local area network based on power line communication. Embodiments of the invention relate generally to the distribution of content, such as audio, video or other data, over conventional electric power conveying media utilized as a local communications network, and more particularly, to utilizing the existing wiring infrastructure for audio distribution.
Embodiments of the invention have uses in at least two areas: (1) a broadband power line access network that provides connectivity to homes, businesses, and other entities, and (2) a high-speed local area power line network in a home, business or other environment that provides connectivity among devices located within the environment. Embodiments of the invention have use in any such network where distributed content storage, origination/sourcing, rendering, and management are desired.
There exist today many types of packet based communication networks, where data is exchanged among a number of devices, based primarily on the actions being performed at any one of the devices. In home entertainment and related networks, the data, or data patterns, can primarily be categorized into three main types: streamed, control and request, and content information. Streamed refers to audio and video data of various formats (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG3, AVI, etc.), control and request refers to data that relates to management and control of the audio and video streams, and content information refers to data related to the specifics of audio or video streams available on a network. The bulk, or largest portion, of the data being transmitted is usually the streamed data (it should be also understood that streaming data could be represented by a sequence of packets).
The bulk of current home entertainment and similar networks operate primarily where one or possibly two devices in the network request content at any one time. Therefore, in such networks, it is assumed that the extent of content streaming will involve one or two devices and that primarily one device will initiate substantially all of the actions that occur on the network at any one time. It is also common that such networks are based upon ad-hoc and contention resolution methods of media access and data communication at the lower network protocol layers that do not lend well to the handling of streaming content.
In future content distribution communications networks, it is expected that multiple streams will need to occur simultaneously and can be controlled or requested from various network devices throughout the network, and that the sources of these streams can be one or multiple devices in the network. Consequently, in some circumstances where multiple streams need to be transmitted simultaneously over a content distribution communications network, it is possible that the bandwidth of the network can become taxed. Further, future content distribution communications networks will likely be of a complexity that requires performance of stream management functions related to bandwidth allocation, security, lifetime, digital rights management and other like items.
In current communications networks, the above-type stream management functions would likely be performed at the source of the content being delivered, if the source even includes such functionality at all. In addition, current communications network content management and distribution techniques do not provide for distributing the functionalities, which are expected to be required in future communications networks, throughout the network to minimize complexity of control of content distribution and facilitate satisfactory distribution of content to a plurality of client devices simultaneously requesting content. For example, end-to-end security and complete rights management are not readily accomplished and handled in current networks as both the source and destination devices of any particular content are not aware of and do not themselves include the necessary rights management functionalities. Furthermore, as a single source and/or destination device operating at any one time will no longer represent the norm in future communications networks, the ability to provide for interaction among, and unified control of, the devices in the network in real time, which does not exist in current communications network, will be required.
These and other factors present the need for a network that can utilize distributed content management (e.g., all functions associated with the content handling and digital rights management) and bandwidth control. This invention describes a method and system for accomplishing these and other goals.
Embodiments of the invention relate to an audio distribution network for homes, businesses, apartments complexes, and other residential buildings, where streaming audio and multimedia content is sourced/originated, captured, stored, transmitted, received, and rendered through a number of devices located throughout the network. This invention is described for operation on an electrical power distribution network; however, these concepts and methods can be applied to any network, wired or wireless, or a combination of networks, where one of these networks may be a power line network. Embodiments of the invention introduce the idea of a system architecture along with a distributed content management concept, wherein the network bandwidth, the content management functions, and the streaming content itself are controlled by a number of devices acting in unison.
The preferred embodiment described here relates to a local area or wide area broadband power line network. Audio signals are transmitted over the power line by a means of special modulation and demodulation techniques, such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based methods, and delivery protocols that could be based on some of the existing technologies known in the industry, such as the ones proposed by the HomePlug Powerline Alliance (www.homeplug.org). The major benefits of the invention are to overcome the issues associated with, and maximize the performance of, a network where many, multiple, varied, simultaneous audio data streams are taking place and flexible and robust content control are required.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, distribution of content, such as streaming audio and multimedia content, among a plurality of devices located throughout a content distribution communications network is managed to provide for unified control of use of network bandwidth, content management functions and distribution, such as streaming, of the content itself. Unified content management provides for flexible and robust control of content distribution in the network and optimization of network bandwidth, such as in the presence of multiple, varied, simultaneous audio and multimedia data streams. The content, preferably, can be sourced (originated), captured, stored, transmitted, received and rendered at any of the content devices of the network.
In a preferred embodiment, a centralized master content server management device controls multiple content source devices and also the client devices that are distributed over the network and constitute the destinations for the content. The master content server device interacts with the client devices to provide for unified control and management of the distributed content data streams.
In a preferred embodiment, the content distribution communications network is a home entertainment or similar type of network in the form of a local area or wide area broadband power line network.
In an embodiment, a system for distributing audio via a power line is provided that includes a front-end device in communication with a source of audio content and including an audio management engine, and at least one back-end device including an audio rendering engine. The system includes an interface that provides two-way communication over a power line between the front-end device and the back-end device, to allow the front-end device to distribute audio from the source to the back-end device over the power line. In an embodiment, the front-end device transmits the audio to the back-end device in conformance with a channel condition (e.g., bandwidth or frequency) established for communication with the back-end device, as more fully described in the detailed description of the specification.
The objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, which description should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout and in which:
For purposes of illustration and not limitation, management of distribution of content among a plurality of devices located throughout a content distribution communications network is described in connection with content distribution over a broadband powerline network and a local area network operating based on powerline communication. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention is applicable on a network based on any medium, wired or wireless.
Referring to
In the master device 13, an audio stream management engine 28 controls the communication and interaction between the other functional blocks within the master device 13. The audio stream management engine 28 preferably has an interface with each of the available content sources in a local area or wide area network. Some of these interfaces may include optional transcoders 11, 29 that process the content data streams so that a universal format data stream is presented to the audio stream management engine 28. Additionally, the audio stream management engine 28 has an interface to a local storage 27 that itself can be a source of streaming content, or alternatively can be used to buffer and store other streams as may be required for synchronization of multiple streams or temporary storage and playback of a stream, respectively. The audio stream management engine 28 controls the sources of the data streams based on the input it receives from the requesting client devices 16 present on the PLC network 24, and also handles the management of bandwidth allocation and control of the PLC network 24. Additionally, audio content and/or associated information that is stored in storage 27 and/or 10 can be accessed directly by client devices. In this scenario, access can be simplified by the user of middleware that stores the content in a predetermined format for convenient retrieval by the client device. Any content type can be accessed by any client device through a unified interface.
In operation, the audio stream management engine 28 receives from the client devices 16, through the PLC interface 23, input data representative of the requested audio and multimedia streams that a client device receives from the associated remote control or PDA device 17, to which the client device is coupled. The audio stream management engine 28 manages transmission of the requested streams, through the PLC interface 23, to the client devices 16. The content is received at the master module 13 from the interface 30 (and/or interface 10) and includes associated data, such as content metadata, external information feed data, special indexes and pre-configured or dynamically created associations, such as filename based associations, that permits the engine 28 to generate, for example, programming guide information and content related data, such as artist and title, for transmission with the content. At the client devices 16, the audio rendering engine 22 manages output of the requested stream, received from the master device 13, to the associated output device 18 for listening, with or without the programming or content related information. The programming or content related information may also be separated from the content steam data by the audio rendering engine 22, and sent out the local interface 20 to the remote or PDA device 17 for viewing, if equipped.
In a preferred embodiment, the audio rendering engine of a client device, in conjunction with the local PLC interface 23, supplies to the master device input data on current and future bandwidth requirements, physical network local link status and parameters related to current capacity and network behavior over time, buffer allocation requirements based on anticipated congestion periods and other related information. The audio stream management engine of the master device can use such information to more effectively and efficiently utilize the network bandwidth in accordance with the present invention.
In a further preferred embodiment, the audio stream management engine 28 at the master device, based on information received from the client devices, as well as from information and historical data stored locally at the storage 27, determines the proper bandwidth allocation and management for all of the streams currently being transmitted. Based upon the historical data stored at the storage 27, as well as current PLC network medium conditions determined at the PLC interface 23 using techniques known in the art, the audio stream management engine 28 allocates sufficient bandwidth, based upon frequency division multiplexing (FDM), frequency band allocation or other techniques well known in the art, for each stream currently being transmitted to allow for proper resolution or accuracy of the original stream. If sufficient bandwidth is not available on the communications network to handle all of the current streaming content, or a bandwidth limiting event takes place such as increased noise on the PLC medium, the master and client devices interact, in accordance with the present invention, to temporarily reduce the resolution or accuracy of one or more of the streams, employ increased buffering or other stream interruptance avoidance methods, or utilize other methods to minimize the effect of these conditions on the playing or playback of any streaming content. For example, the amount of memory available in a client device for storing content can be modified, as suitable, depending on the number of streams simultaneously occurring and the congestion that may be expected to occur on the network.
To further exemplify how the master and client devices interact to determine the proper bandwidth allocation, we can consider a scenario wherein there exists a master device and 3 client devices distributed in three different rooms throughout a house, and connected to each other and the master device through a broadband PLC network. The master device would be streaming 3 different audio streams to 3 different areas of the house, based on requests made from the client devices through user interactions. Each link on the PLC network, both between one client device and the next, and between each client device and the master device, would have a set of characteristics associated with it with regards to, for example, available bandwidth, noise level, best carriers for communication, etc. that would continually be stored and updated at each client device, the master device, or both. As each audio stream is set up and played from the master device to each client device, the bandwidth and transmission parameters are set up based on the particular link information, either present at that time, or based on algorithms that are used to determine the ideal parameters to be used based on historical information regarding the PLC link over time, where a certain “model” of the link or channel is stored and adjusted to determine the expected channel response based on time of day or other factors. In either case, the link information is used along with information regarding other traffic that is taking place on the network to determine how to best set up and transmit the audio stream data to each client device. As mentioned, this setup would determine, among other things, what bandwidth to allocate, what channels or frequency carriers to use, what length of buffers to set up, and what resolution or data rate to use, all based on the current and predicted future characteristics of the PLC link between the master and client device.
Related to this, the ability of “on the fly” adjustments can also be made while the audio stream is in process. Information contained within PLC transmissions between the master and client devices that are taking place while the audio stream is playing can be used to determine if the channel or link characteristics have changed, or it there is additional data traffic from other sources, or other factors that may cause the play of the stream to be disrupted. This information can then be used to make adjustments to the channel link set up parameters to avoid this disruption. For example, new noise on some of the PLC carriers or frequency bands would cause the master and client device to negotiate a new set of link parameters, to use other carriers with less noise, or, there may be sporadic spikes of other data traffic taking place on the PLC network, that may cause a delay of some audio stream packets of data, so the buffers of the client device would be increased, for example, to alleviate this problem.
In an additional scenario, there may be a weak link between a certain client device and the master device, which may make it difficult to transmit a certain audio stream without disruption. There may, however, be a client device that has a sutiable communication link to the one with the weak link, and also has a better link to the master device. In this scenario, the master device would negotiate between the client devices to set up a link using one client device as a “feed-through” to the second client device with the weak link to the master device. The audio stream packets of data would then be sent to the first client device, and the first client device would then forward them to the second client device for playback. The same set up algorithims and parameters described previously would be utilized to set up each link, as well as adjust and maintain the link during the audio stream play.
In a further preferred embodiment, involving distribution of streams having associated rights or lifetimes, the audio stream management engine 28 of the master device 13 exchanges information with the audio rendering engine 22 of a client device to provide for Digital Rights Management (DRM). The audio stream management engine 28 interfaces with a DRM Master 12 to provide DRM information to DRM sub-agents 25, through the audio rendering engines 22 in respective client devices 16, to ensure management and control of the restricted streams based on their parameters, where the content restriction is performed using techniques well known in the art.
The audio decoder 21 within a client device provides that an associated master device can send high bandwidth or a large number of streams to the client device in a compressed, encoded and encrypted format. Advantageously, the decoder at the client device provides that the master device can “feed through” the streams received from the broadband interface, such that only minimal processing needs to be performed at the master device.
Another scenario would be to have all the audio content stored locally at the audio stream management master, or possibly on a locally connected NAS. This audio content could be songs, audio books, other types of Pod-casting, or other content that could be sent to all the client devices available simultaneously. In this scenario, the master and client devices interact to ensure proper timing sequence of content playback through any time synchronization methods known in the art (e.g., time stamps or by use of phase alignment of the power line channel). For example, audio content could be continuously “piped” to all of the rooms or apartments in a residential building, where clients or tenants could enable or disable playing of the content through their local client device. The master device would be centrally located in the building, and would be set up and controlled by the property manager or building owner, who could set up the specific content and schedule of play, which would in turn be communicated to all the clients or tenants, who could then turn on or off play at the client devices based on their preferences.
In a further scenario, more sophisticated master and client devices can be utilized, which would allow the clients or tenants to chose what audio content to play, and when to play it. The audio stream management master would provide a list of available content to the client devices, and the user would select, through a local or remote interface to the client device, what content they would like to hear at any particular time. The property owner or system manager could further set up different levels of service or subscription content, wherein the client or tenant could choose the level of functionality, and the type, or value, of content they would like to hear.
It is to be understood that the exemplary management of distributed content described with reference to
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/691,217 filed Jun. 16, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60691217 | Jun 2005 | US |
