1. The Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates generally to devices for forming structures, and more particularly, but not necessarily entirely, to devices for forming precast concrete structures.
2. The Relevant Technology
Precast concrete structures have been used in the building construction industry for many years. Precast concrete structures may include steel reinforced panels for use in constructing fences, walls, sound barriers, and the like. Precast concrete structures may also include columns for supporting panels or overhead items. High quality precast concrete structures may be formed efficiently, since they may be constructed in a factory with specialized equipment, strict quality standards, and controlled conditions not subject to rain, hot or cold temperatures, or builder errors. Moreover, labor savings may be accomplished since precast structures may be formed more efficiently in a factory than constructing a form on site to manufacture the structures in place. Use of precast concrete structures may also reduce construction delays associated with rain or inclement weather since concrete may not be properly poured on site in inclement weather.
In recent years, the use of precast concrete columns and panels with decorative patterns formed on the exterior surface has increased in popularity. The precast concrete panels may have various patterns such as stone or brick, for example. Such precast concrete panels may be easier to construct than stone or brick walls. Moreover, the precast concrete panels may be durable and provide advantages in that cracking may be reduced as compared to walls formed with grouted natural stone or brick, and no mortar joints are created with precast concrete panels to allow water to seep into the wall.
Various types of devices are known in the art for forming precast concrete structures. Despite the advantages of known devices for forming concrete structures, improvements are still being sought to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing process and the quality of the concrete structures. Also, improvements are being sought for concrete structures to facilitate installation of the structures at the construction site.
Also, various types of attaching devices and methods are known in the art for joining concrete structures to footings to support the structures in an upright position. Despite the advantages of known attaching devices and methods, improvements are still being sought to improve the efficiency of construction and the quality of the concrete structures.
The features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the disclosure without undue experimentation. The features and advantages of the disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles in accordance with the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the disclosure as illustrated herein, which would normally occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the disclosure claimed.
Before the present concrete structure system and apparatus and method for forming one or more concrete structures is disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular configurations, process steps, and materials disclosed herein as such configurations, process steps, and materials may vary somewhat. It is also to be understood that the terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting since the scope of the present disclosure will be limited only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof
It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, as used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” “characterized by,” and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
As used herein, the term “concrete” shall be construed broadly to include conglomerate construction materials, including construction materials formed of aggregate and cementitious materials, as well as any other known material that may be placed in a fluid or semi-fluid form and hardened or solidified, including filler materials joined together with a bonding agent or resin.
As used herein, the phrase “surface treatment” shall be construed broadly to include any variety of textures or designs or features that may be placed on the exterior of a concrete structure.
As used herein, the term “attached” shall be construed broadly to include situations in which members are secured or joined together, including situations in which one member is embedded into another member, and situations in which intervening members are used to join one member to another member such that the two members need not physically contact each other.
Applicants have invented an apparatus for producing one or more pre-cast concrete panels. The apparatus can also be modified to produce other concrete structures such as columns. The apparatus may include moveable partitions that may be positioned in a side-by-side arrangement. The partitions may be moveable with respect to each other to facilitate installation of liners and reinforcing material and the removal of the concrete panels from the apparatus after the concrete has hardened. Cavities may be defined between the partitions for receiving concrete to form panels for use in barriers, walls, and other structures. Removable liners may be temporarily secured to the partitions in a manner that does not compromise the integrity of the liners. Further, the liners may be secured to the partitions utilizing mechanical and/or magnetic couplings. The liners may also include a molded portion for forming surface treatments in the panels. Removable bulkheads placed into the cavities allow the dimensions of the cavities to be variable to thereby permit the formation of panels of different dimensions using the same partitions.
Referring now to
One significant disadvantage to the stacked configuration of the panels 12 and 14 as shown in
Referring now to
Referring now to
The framework 52 is adapted to support moveable partitions 70A-70D. In particular, the framework 52 includes a side support member that includes support posts 55, 56, 58 and 60 for supporting the weight of the partitions 70A-70D. The support posts 55, 56 and 58 each extend upwardly from the base 54 to a beam 62. The beam 62 extends parallel to the ground. The support post 60 includes a bottom foot piece 64 that is adapted to engage the ground or other surface upon which the base 54 is placed. The support post 60 also extends upward from the foot piece 64 to the beam 62. Thus, it will be understood that the beam 62 is supported by support posts 55, 56, 58 and 60. It will be further understood that beam 66, on the opposite side of the apparatus 50 from beam 62 and not clearly visible in its entirety, is also supported by a side support structure that includes vertical posts such that beam 66 extends parallel to the ground similar to beam 62. Further, extending upwardly from the base 54 are a plurality of rigid members 68. The rigid members 68 are arranged in a wall and extend between beams 62 and 66. The rigid members 68 may take the form of I-beams and provide additional support and stability to the apparatus 50. A cross-piece member 72 may also be utilized to provide additional support for the rigid members 68.
Each of the partitions 70A-70D is suspended from the beams 62 and 66 of the framework 52 by a pair of wheels 74 (only one of the wheels 74 of each of the partitions 70 is visible in
Referring now to
As also depicted in
The wheels 74 of the partitions 70A-70D move along track members 63 and 67 mounted on a top surface of beams 62 and 66, respectively. The track members 63 and 67 may comprise upwardly extending guide members that engage grooves on the wheels 74. Returning to
As also depicted in
The cavities 76-82 are configured and adapted for receiving concrete to form panels, such as the panel 32 depicted in
With reference to
For example, an interior bulkhead 86 is shown in the cavity 76. The use of the bulkhead 86 in the cavity 76 divides the cavity 76 into approximately two equal halves. Concrete may be poured into each half of the cavity 76 such that two panels may be formed at the same time between the partitions 70A and 70B. In regard to cavity 78, an interior bulkhead 86 divides the cavity 78 into a larger portion and a smaller portion. Concrete may be poured into the larger portion of the cavity 78 to form larger panels than the panels that can be formed in cavity 76. With regard to cavity 80, three bulkheads 86 are positioned therein for simultaneously forming three different panels. It is appreciated that any desired number of bulkheads 86 can be positioned within any cavity including two or four or more. In regard to the cavity 82, no interior bulkheads 86 have been placed in cavity 82. Thus, the panels formed in cavity 82, without any interior bulkheads 86, are the largest in dimension that can be formed with the apparatus 50. In will be appreciated that interior bulkheads 86 may be placed at any location within the cavities 76-82 to create a panel of any dimension.
Referring now to
Extending downwardly from the bottom surface of the top beam 92 to the ends of the lower support beam 107 are end supports 100 and 102. The lower support beam 107 and the end supports 100 and 102 are flush to one another. Interposed between the end supports 100 and 102 are interior supports 104 that are disposed in a vertical orientation and extend downwardly from the bottom surface of the top beam 92 to the top surface of the lower support beam 107. The arms 75 are parallel to the end supports 100 and 102 and the interior supports 104. It will be appreciated that the lowermost portion of the end supports 100 and 102 and the interior supports 104 are free hanging to thereby allow the partition 90 to move freely on the wheels 74. Extending laterally between the interior supports 104 and the end supports 100 and 102 are cross-piece members 106. A plurality of vertically spaced apart mounting braces 196 also extend laterally between the interior supports 104 and the end supports 100 and 102. As will be discussed below in greater detail, a plurality of U-shaped slots 198 are formed on each mounting brace 196 for removably attaching a bulkhead to mounting braces 196. In one embodiment, mounting brackets 108 can be disposed on cross-piece members 106 and serve to assist in mounting liners in a manner that will be explained hereinafter.
A liner 110 is shown attached to the partition 90. The liner 110 forms a wall of a cavity into which concrete is poured. The liner 110 may include a forming surface for forming a surface treatment on a concrete panel. The forming surface, such as a mold, may be formed from polyurethane or any other polymeric material. For example, the surface treatment may include any variety of textures or designs, such as designs of rock or brick. Other embodiments of the liner 110 may be substantially smooth, without any particular design. Moreover, some embodiments of the liner 110 may include a continuous pattern or texture configured to extend over an entire panel, such as shown in
Referring now to
It will be appreciated that the magnets 116 are completely imbedded into the rear surface 112 so as not to disturb the planar nature of the rear surface 112. That is, a top surface of each of the magnets 116 is flush with the rear surface 112 of the liner 110. In one embodiment, the rear surface 112 of the liner 110 is formed from plywood. To install the magnets 116, circular holes may be drilled into the plywood. The magnets 116 may then be placed into the holes and secured in place using an adhesive such that the rear surface 112 will, when installed onto the partition 90, lie completely flat against the interior supports 104 and/or the cross-piece members 106 of the partition 90.
For example, depicted in
Liner 110 also comprises a forming layer 214 disposed on front surface 202 of support member 200. As discussed above, forming layer 214 is typically comprised of a flexible polymeric material. Forming layer 214 has a forming surface 216 on which a surface treatment such as texture or design is formed. In one method to secure forming layer 214 to support member 200, holes 218 are drilled through support member 200. As the liquid polymeric material is poured onto front surface 202 of support member 200, the polymeric material passes through holes 218. Once the polymeric material cures, the material within holes 218 secures the remainder of forming layer 214 to support member 200. Again, other conventional mechanisms such as screws, bolts, clamps and adhesives can be used to secure forming layer 214 to support member 200.
In another embodiment, instead of magnets 116, fasteners, such as screws or bolts may be driven through the front of a liner 110 and into the partition 90. The fasteners may be countersunk into the front of the liner 110 and capped to prevent them from impacting the contours of the concrete panels. Nuts may be secured to the bolts.
In
Interiorly positioned partitions, such as partitions 70B-70D, are able to form panels on both sides. For this reason, an interiorly positioned partition should be able to receive liners on both of its sides. In
It will be appreciated that the above described manner in which the liner 110 is secured to the partition 90 requires no tools whatsoever to install the liner 110 or to remove the liner 110. This securement method allows for the speedy installation and removal of the liner 110 from the partition 90. Further, liners with different surface treatments can easily be interchanged with each other. Thus, the invention described in the present disclosure reduces the turn around time between concrete pours.
Depicted in
Turning to
Turning to
Returning back to
As concrete is filled between partitions 70A and 70B, a tremendous load is applied against bulkhead 86. This load can restrict the separation of the partitions once the concrete has cured. By using wedge shaped body 180 and wedge shaped insert 226, which is freely positioned next to body 180, insert 226 can freely slide relative to body 180 as the adjacent partitions are separated, thereby facilitating the separation of the adjacent partitions even when subject to extremely high loads.
If a second panel is going to be formed in the cavity on the side of body 180 opposite of first insert 226, a second insert 242 can be freely positioned against side face 192 of body 180. Again, second insert 242 has a wedge shaped transverse cross sectional configuration that is complementary to the angle of side face 192 of body 180 so that when second insert 242 is positioned against side face 192, second insert 242 has a side face 244 that is now disposed substantially perpendicular to partitions 70A and 70B. Freely positioned adjacent to side face 244 of second insert 242 is a second end liner 232A. A spacer can be positioned between second insert 242 and second end liner 232A but is not required.
It is appreciated that bulkhead 86 can be positioned at each end of the partitions to form the end of the panels. As depicted in
As used herein, the term “vertical manner,” when referring to the orientation in which concrete panels are formed, may refer to a length of a concrete panel while being formed in the apparatus 50 of the present disclosure. Specifically, the lateral length of the concrete panel (when in its final, installed position between to columns) is formed in a vertical manner (or up and down manner or a manner that is substantially perpendicular with respect to the ground). That is, the side edges 42 and 44 of the panel 32, while perpendicular to the ground when installed, may be formed parallel to the ground when formed in the apparatus 50. As an obvious consequence of the formation of the lateral length of a concrete panel in a vertical manner, the height of the concrete panel (when in a final, installed position between two columns) is formed substantially parallel with respect to the ground or ground level. That is, the top edge 38 and the bottom edge 40 of the panel 32, while parallel to the ground when installed, may be formed perpendicularly to the ground when formed in the apparatus 50. Thus, the height of the panel 32 may be varied through the use of interior bulkheads 86 as described above. It will be noted that the lateral length of panels is generally the same for most installations since this length is the length between the columns supporting the panels. Thus, it is generally unnecessary to vary the lateral length of a panel. From the above, it will be appreciated that the present disclosure forms a panel in the apparatus 50 in an orientation that is rotated approximately 90 degrees from the orientation in which the panel is installed into a structure.
Conversely, when using the previously available devices, a concrete panel can only be formed in a “horizontal manner” in which the lateral length of the concrete panel is formed substantially parallel to the ground, i.e., in the same orientation that the concrete panel will be installed into a structure.
In use, multiple liners, like the liner 110, may be selected having a surface treatment desired to be placed on panels for use in structures 10 or 30. The partitions 70A-70D may be moved apart to provide access to the partitions 70A-70D. The liners, like the liner 110, may be attached to the partitions 70A-70D using magnetic coupling provided by the magnets 116 imbedded into the liner. At this point, reinforcing steel may be placed in the cavities 76-82 of the apparatus 50, if desired. Interior bulkheads 86 may also be positioned into the cavities 76-82 at the desired height of the panels to be formed. The partitions 70A-70D may then be closed to abut each other and the partitions 70A-70D may be fastened or otherwise secured in place.
More specifically, once the height of a desired panel is determined, this length is measured from the bulkhead at the first end of a partition toward the center of the partition. Body 180 of bulkhead 86 is then secured to the partition, as discussed above, at a location that is closest to but slightly beyond the measured length. Next, liners 110 are mounted on the sides of the adjacent partitions, as discussed above, so that they will cover the full height of the panel. As the partitions are brought together to their desired spacing for forming the panel, floor seal 220 (
It is appreciated that one of the benefits of the present invention is the ability to simultaneously form multiple panels at the same time. To simultaneously produce a second panel within the same cavity as the above panel, the height of the second panel is measured from the secured bulkhead 86 toward the second end of the partition. A second body 180 is then secured to the partition at the height of the second panel. The above process of attaching liners 110 and inserting floor seal 220, inserts 226 and 242, and end lines 232 is then accomplished for the cavities forming both panels as the partitions are brought together. This process can be expanded to form three or more panels within one give cavity between two partitions, depending on the desired height for the panels, and can be simultaneously done for each cavity between each adjacent pair of partitions. As such, multiple cavities for simultaneously forming multiple panels between each pair of partitions can be prepared as all of the partitions are secured together at the desired spacing.
Wet concrete may then be poured into the top of the apparatus 50 from above to thereby fill the cavities 76-82. A concrete vibrator may then be used to remove any air pockets in the concrete. To prevent unwanted bowing or flexing of internal partitions 70B-D as the cavities are filled with concrete, the cavities can be progressively filled in stages. For example, in contrast to first filling cavity 76 completely full of concrete and then filling cavity 78, each of cavities 76-82 can first be filled with an incremental amount of concrete, such as three feet. Once the first incremental amount is inserted into each of the cavities, a second incremental amount can be inserted into each of the cavities. This process is repeated until each of the cavities is filled. Using this approach, the partitions are more evenly loaded on opposing sides so as to help avoid unwanted flexing or bending.
Once the concrete has hardened adequately, the partitions 70A-70D may be separated and the panels may be removed. It will be understood that any variety of lifting mechanisms, such as cranes or lifts, may be used to remove the panels from the apparatus 50. Moreover, in some uses of the apparatus 50, it may be beneficial to apply a suitable anti-sticking agent to the liners prior to pouring concrete in the apparatus 50. The purpose of the anti-sticking agent is to facilitate the removal of the panels from the apparatus 50. Once the panels are removed from the apparatus 50, the apparatus 50, and in particular, the liners, may be cleaned and used repeatedly to produce additional panels of the same dimensions. In addition, the liners may be removed and other liners with different surface treatments installed onto the partitions 70A-70D. Further, the interior bulkheads 86 may be removed or adjusted to form panels having varying heights. It will be noted that the wall 84 formed on the rigid members 68 may be adapted to receive liners in a similar manner as explained in relation to the partition 90 and the liner 110 above. In an alternative embodiment, the rigid members 68 may be mounted on a rolling framework similar to the partitions described herein. It will also be noted that the dimensions of the liner 110 may be varied to accommodate different configurations and panel designs. Likewise, by modifying the configuration and/or spacing of the partitions and/or bulkheads, concrete structures other than panels can be formed, such as concrete columns.
Referring now to
Turning to
Referring again to
Referring now to
International patent application no. PCT/US2005/039009, which was filed internationally on Oct. 27, 2005, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Those having ordinary skill in the relevant art will appreciate the advantages provided by the features of the present disclosure. For example, it is a feature of the present disclosure to provide an apparatus for forming panels for use in physical and sound barriers. Another feature of the present disclosure is to provide such an apparatus that is capable using removable liners secured to the apparatus via magnetic coupling. It is a further feature of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect thereof, to provide a cavity with non-permanent bulkheads such that the dimensions of concrete panels formed in the cavity may be varied.
In the foregoing Detailed Description of the Disclosure, various features of the present disclosure are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed disclosure requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description of the Disclosure by this reference, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of the present disclosure.
It is to be understood that the above-described arrangements are only illustrative of the application of the principles of the present disclosure. Numerous modifications and alternative arrangements may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and arrangements. Thus, while the present disclosure has been shown in the drawings and described above with particularity and detail, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications, including, but not limited to, variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use may be made without departing from the principles and concepts set forth herein.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/019,721, filed on Jan. 8, 2008, which application is hereby incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61019721 | Jan 2008 | US |