Patent Application
20120102944
Degradation of a turbocharger may be reduced by limiting turbocharger operation to selected operating conditions. In U.S. Patent Application 2009/0090107 a model is used to estimate turbocharger speed, and a turbine actuator control law is estimated by mapping the turbine from a measurement of flow into the turbine and from a desired ratio of the pressures in the turbine. The approach then adjusts a turbine actuator to modify the turbocharger turbine geometry. The actuator modifies the flow rate to the turbine so that pressure in the intake manifold is equal to a set point pressure. However, the method appears to overlook that it may be undesirable to operate the turbocharger at a turbine expansion ratio that exceeds a turbine expansion ratio limit. Consequently, the approach may accelerate turbocharger degradation during some operating conditions.
The inventors herein have recognized engine operating conditions where it may not be desirable to operate an engine when a turbine expansion ratio exceeds a turbine expansion ratio limit. Further, the inventors have recognized that different turbine expansion ratio limits are desirable for different exhaust flow rates. For example, it may not be desirable to operate an engine to regenerate a particulate filter when regenerating the particulate filter or the method of regenerating the particulate filter can cause a turbine expansion ratio to exceed a turbine expansion ratio limit. Further, if an operator fails to change an air cleaner element, the turbine expansion ratio limit may be exceeded thereby leading to turbocharger degradation. However, it may be desirable to permit a higher turbine expansion ratio limit at low engine speeds when exhaust flow rates are lower and turbocharger degradation is less likely so that the driver may have an expected level of engine performance or particulate filter regeneration function.
The inventors herein have recognized the above-mentioned disadvantages and have developed an engine operating method, comprising: operating an engine with a turbocharger; adjusting operation of the engine in response to a turbine expansion ratio exceeding a turbine expansion ratio limit of the turbocharger, the turbine expansion ratio limit varying in response to an exhaust gas flow rate.
By adjusting operation of an engine in response to a turbine expansion ratio limit, engine operation can be limited such that the possibility of turbocharger degradation may be limited. For example, if a particulate filter is scheduled to regenerate a higher altitude the particulate filter regeneration can be delayed until then engine is at a lower altitude or different operating mode when regeneration can be enabled. Further, if during normal engine operation the turbine expansion ratio exceeds a desired expansion ratio limit, the engine output or other operating parameters can be reduced so as to reduce the possibility of operating the turbocharger turbine at an expansion ratio that exceeds a turbine expansion ratio limit.
The present description may provide several advantages. For example, the approach may reduce the possibility of turbocharger degradation. Further, the approach may provide an improved basis for turbine expansion ratio limits. Further still, the approach may be beneficial for improving a variety of engine operating conditions including particulate filter regeneration and engine operation with reduced intake system capacity.
The above advantages and other advantages, and features of the present description will be readily apparent from the following Detailed Description when taken alone or in connection with the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.
The present description is related to limiting output of an engine in response to an expansion ratio of a turbine. In one example, an expansion ratio in an exhaust passage having a turbine is a basis for limiting engine output.
Referring to
Fuel injector 66 is shown positioned to inject fuel directly into cylinder 30, which is known to those skilled in the art as direct injection. Fuel injector 66 delivers liquid fuel in proportion to the pulse width of signal FPW from controller 12. Fuel is delivered to fuel injector 66 by a fuel system (not shown) including a fuel tank, fuel pump, and fuel rail (not shown). Fuel injector 66 is supplied operating current from driver 68 which responds to controller 12. In addition, intake manifold 44 is shown communicating with optional electronic throttle 62 which adjusts a position of throttle plate 64 to control air flow from intake boost chamber 46. Compressor 162 draws air from air intake 42 to supply boost chamber 46. Exhaust gases spin turbine 164 which is coupled to compressor 162. A high pressure, dual stage, fuel system may be used to generate higher fuel pressures at injectors 66.
Combustion is initiated in combustion chamber 30 when fuel automatically ignites as piston approaches top-dead-center compression stroke. In other examples, a distributorless ignition system provides an ignition spark to combustion chamber 30 via a spark plug (not shown) in response to controller 12. In some examples, a universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (UEGO) sensor (not shown) may be coupled to exhaust manifold 48 upstream of emissions device 70.
Emissions device 70 can include a particulate filter and catalyst bricks, in one example. In another example, multiple emission control devices, each with multiple bricks, can be used. Emissions device 70 can be a three-way type catalyst in one example.
Controller 12 is shown in
In some examples, the engine may be coupled to an electric motor/battery system in a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle may have a parallel configuration, series configuration, or variation or combinations thereof. Further, in some embodiments, other engine configurations may be employed, for example a diesel engine.
Another example can include modeled signals for pressure sensor 80 for sensing exhaust pressure upstream of turbine 164 and a modeled signal for pressure sensor 82 for sensing exhaust pressure downstream of turbine 164.
During operation, each cylinder within engine 10 typically undergoes a four stroke or two stroke cycle: the four stroke cycle includes the intake stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. During the intake stroke, generally, the exhaust valve 54 closes and intake valve 52 opens. Air is introduced into combustion chamber 30 via intake manifold 44, and piston 36 moves to the bottom of the cylinder so as to increase the volume within combustion chamber 30. The position at which piston 36 is near the bottom of the cylinder and at the end of its stroke (e.g. when combustion chamber 30 is at its largest volume) is typically referred to by those of skill in the art as bottom dead center (BDC). During the compression stroke, intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 are closed. Piston 36 moves toward the cylinder head so as to compress the air within combustion chamber 30. The point at which piston 36 is at the end of its stroke and closest to the cylinder head (e.g. when combustion chamber 30 is at its smallest volume) is typically referred to by those of skill in the art as top dead center (TDC). In a process hereinafter referred to as injection, fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber. In a process hereinafter referred to as ignition, the injected fuel is ignited by compression ignition or by known ignition means such as spark plug (not shown), resulting in combustion. During the expansion stroke, the expanding gases push piston 36 back to BDC. Crankshaft 40 converts piston movement into a rotational torque of the rotary shaft. Finally, during the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve 54 opens to release the combusted air-fuel mixture to exhaust manifold 48 and the piston returns to TDC. Note that the above is described merely as an example, and that intake and exhaust valve opening and/or closing timings may vary, such as to provide positive or negative valve overlap, late intake valve closing, or various other examples.
Thus, the system of
Referring now to
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At time T0 (coincident with the Y axis), the engine is operating at a low desired engine torque condition, idle for example. Further, the engine speed and exhaust flow are also low at time T0. The turbine expansion ratio limit is at a higher level when engine speed and desired engine torque are low.
At time T1, desired engine torque begins to increase and stays at a higher level from just after T1 to time T2. Engine speed also increases after time T1 and remains higher at time T2. As desired engine torque and engine speed increase, the exhaust flow rate also increase from T1 to T2. Further, as engine operating conditions change between T1 and T2, the turbine expansion ratio limit varies and is reduced from the value shown at time T0. Barometric pressure, particulate filter regeneration request, expansion ratio timer, and expansion ratio limit flag remain unchanged from T1 to T2.
At time T2, the desired engine torque increases and then decreases as time approaches T3. Engine speed increases slightly after T2 and then decreases before increasing again shortly before T3. The turbine expansion ratio increases as the exhaust flow rate increases. Thus, in this example, the turbine expansion ratio can be correlated with exhaust flow during at least some portions of the engine operating sequence. The turbine expansion ratio limit decreases after time T2 during higher exhaust flow rates and then increases before time T3. Barometric pressure is reduced between time T2 and time T3 indicating the engine is increasing in altitude. Particulate filter regeneration request, expansion ratio timer, and expansion ratio limit flag remain unchanged from T2 to T3.
At time T3, desired engine torque, engine speed, exhaust flow, and turbine expansion ratio have increased over levels just prior to time T3. Further, conditions where it is desirable to regenerate a particulate filter located in the engine exhaust stream are present (e.g., a threshold amount of particulate matter is stored in the particulate matter filter). Accordingly, a particulate filter regeneration request is asserted at time T3. During some examples, fuel injection timing may be adjusted in response to a particulate filter regeneration request so that exhaust flow increases to elevate a temperature of particulate matter stored in the particulate filter. For example, injection timing may be retarded while the amount of fuel injected to the engine is increased. In this way, exhaust flow may be increased while the desired engine torque is maintained at a level requested by an operator of the engine.
Barometric pressure is at a lower level at time T3. The turbine expansion ratio may increase at higher altitudes as compared to similar engine operating conditions where barometric pressure is higher at lower altitudes since the lower barometric pressure on the outlet side of the turbocharger turbine increases the pressure drop across the turbocharger turbine. Between time T3 and T4, the amount of time stored in the expansion ratio timer increases since the turbine expansion pressure ratio is greater than the turbine expansion pressure ratio limit. The amount of time accumulated in the expansion ratio timer increases until the expansion ratio timer equals or exceeds a threshold amount of time indicated by horizontal line 302 at time T4. Once the expansion ratio timer exceeds the expansion ratio time limit, the expansion ratio limit flag is asserted at T4 to indicate a condition of degradation.
Between time T4 and T5, desired engine torque, engine speed, exhaust flow, and turbine expansion ratio go from higher levels to lower levels. In addition, barometric pressure increases indicating that the engine is moving from a higher altitude to a lower altitude. Further, the expansion ratio timer, particulate filter regeneration request, and expansion ratio limit flag remain at the levels shown at time T4.
At time T5, barometric pressure is at a level where it is desirable to attempt a second regeneration of the particulate filter. In one example as shown by the method of
Between time T5 and T6, the particulate filter is regenerated by elevating the exhaust gas temperature. In one example, fuel injection timing is retarded during particulate filter regeneration to increase exhaust gas temperature. During particulate filter regeneration between time T5 and T6, the turbine expansion ratio is less than the turbine expansion ratio limit. Consequently, the expansion ratio timer does not increase from a value of zero and as a result the particulate filter is regenerated.
At time T6, the particulate filter is regenerated and the expansion ratio limit flag is cleared. The expansion ratio limit flag may be cleared when a particulate filter is regenerated without the turbine expansion ratio exceeding the turbine expansion ratio limit. Since engine backpressure can be increased by particulate matter stored in a particulate filter, the expansion ratio limit flag can be cleared after particulate matter stored in the particulate filter is oxidized thereby lowering the engine exhaust backpressure. In other examples, the expansion ratio limit flag may be cleared by a technician after servicing the engine. After time T6, the engine is operated without further particulate filter regeneration requests and the turbine expansion ratio is maintained at a level below the turbine expansion ratio limit. Consequently, the particulate filter regeneration request, expansion ratio timer, and expansion ratio limit flag remain at a lower level.
Referring now to
At 402, method 400 determines engine operating conditions. In one example, engine operating conditions included but are not limited to engine speed, engine load, ambient air pressure, intake manifold pressure, exhaust pressure upstream and downstream of a turbine, and ambient air temperature. Method 400 proceeds to 404 after engine operating conditions are determined.
At 404, method 400 determines a turbine expansion ratio limit. In one example, a table indexed by engine speed and engine load outputs a turbine expansion ratio limit. Thus, a plurality of turbine expansion ratio limits is provided for a plurality of engine operating conditions. The turbine expansion ratio limits may be empirically determined. In one example, the turbine expansion ratio limits decrease with increasing engine exhaust flow rates. Method 400 proceeds to 406 after turbine expansion ratio limits are determined.
At 406, method 400 determines an amount of time that the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit before a degraded condition exits. In one example, the amount of time that the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit is based on or in response to the turbine expansion ratio limit. For example, if the turbine expansion ratio is 1.5, the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit for 2.2 seconds before a limit flag is set. On the other hand, if the turbine expansion ratio is 1.8, the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit for 2.0 seconds before a limit flag is set. In this way, the amount of time that the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit before a limit flag is set may be varied in response to the turbine expansion ratio.
In another example, the amount of time the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit may be based on or in response to an exhaust gas flow rate. For example, if the exhaust gas flow rate is 100 KG/hr, the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit for 2.2 seconds before a limit flag is set. On the other hand, if the exhaust gas flow rate is 200 KG/hr, the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit for 1.0 second before a limit flag is set. Method 400 proceeds to 408 after an amount of time the turbine expansion ratio may exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit without asserting a limit flag is determined.
At 408, method 400 determines if the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit. In one example, the turbine expansion ratio is determined by dividing the exhaust pressure upstream of a turbine by exhaust pressure downstream of the turbine. In another example, a pressure difference across the turbine may be substituted for the turbine expansion ratio. The pressure difference across the exhaust turbine may be determined from a delta pressure sensor that senses exhaust pressure upstream and downstream of the exhaust turbine and outputs a signal in response to a difference between exhaust pressure upstream of the turbine and exhaust pressure downstream of the turbine. If the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit or if the turbine delta pressure exceeds the turbine pressure delta pressure limit, method 400 proceeds to 410. Otherwise, method 400 proceeds to 424.
It should also be mentioned that is some examples a change in turbine expansion ratio over time during substantially similar engine operating conditions may be tracked at 408. For example, if an engine is operating at 0.5 load and 2000 RPM a value of turbine expansion ratio may be stored to memory. At a later time when the engine is again operating at 0.5 load and 2000 RPM, a second value of turbine expansion ratio may be stored to memory. Thus, a rate of change in the turbine expansion ratio may be determined and stored to memory.
In addition to or in place of judging whether or not the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit, it may be judged whether or not the rate of change in turbine expansion ratio exceeds a threshold rate of change. In some examples, a rate of change in the turbine expansion ratio may provide an indication of degradation of an air intake system (e.g., a partially obstructed air filter). If the rate of change in turbine expansion ratio exceeds a threshold rate of change, method 400 proceeds to 410.
At 410, method 400 increments a timer to track an amount of time the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit. In other examples, the timer may be incremented when turbine delta pressure is greater than the turbine delta pressure limit. Method 400 proceeds to 412 after the timer is incremented.
At 412, method 400 judges whether or not the amount of time stored in the timer at 410 exceeds a predetermined time limit determined at 406. If the amount of time stored in the timer exceeds the amount of time determined at 406, method 400 proceeds to 414. Otherwise, method 400 proceeds to exit.
At 414, method 400 judges whether or not the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit during regeneration of a particulate filter at a higher altitude. Alternatively, method 400 may judge whether or not the turbine delta pressure exceeds the turbine delta pressure limit during regeneration of the particulate filter at a higher altitude. As previously mentioned, the engine exhaust flow rate may be increased during regeneration of a particulate filter. If the particulate filter is regenerated at an altitude above sea level, the barometric pressure may be reduced so that the turbine expansion ratio increases above the turbine expansion ratio limit. Consequently, the turbine expansion ratio limit may be exceeded at least partially due to engine operation at increased altitude. If method 400 judges that the turbine expansion ratio limit or turbine delta pressure limit is exceeded during particulate filter regeneration, method 400 proceeds to 420. Otherwise, method 400 proceeds to 416.
At 416, method 400 adjusts engine torque or boost limits to control the turbine expansion ratio. In one example, a turbocharger waste gate may be adjusted according to a second schedule different from a first waste gate opening schedule when the turbine expansion ratio exceeds a turbine expansion ratio limit for greater than a threshold amount of time. By opening a turbocharger waste gate earlier and in an amount greater than during nominal engine operating conditions, it is possible to adjust engine boost such that the turbine expansion ratio limit is not exceeded. In another example, fuel injection timing may be adjusted to limit engine torque so that the turbine expansion ratio limit is not exceeded. For example, fuel injection amount may be reduced and injection timing may be retarded so that less exhaust flow may be produced during engine operation. By adjusting fuel amount and timing, it is possible to limit engine speed so that engine exhaust flow and the turbine expansion ratio are limited.
In an alternative example, a turbocharger vane position may be adjusted in response to a turbine expansion ratio exceeding a turbine expansion ratio limit. For example, vane position may be adjusted to make the turbocharger less efficient when the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit. Method 400 proceeds to 418 after engine torque and/or engine boost are adjusted.
At 418, method 400 asserts the expansion ratio limit flag. The expansion ratio limit flag may remain asserted until reset by a technician or until predetermined conditions are met. For example, an expansion ratio limit flag may be reset if a particulate filter is regenerated and the expansion ratio does not exceed the expansion ratio limit during conditions similar to when the expansion ratio limit flag was set. Method 400 proceeds to exit after the expansion ratio limit flag is asserted.
At 420, method 400 judges whether or not it is possible to delay or modify regeneration of a particulate filter. In one example, regeneration of a particulate filter may be delayed when a pressure drop across a particulate filter is less than a threshold amount. If it is judged to not delay particulate filter regeneration, method 400 proceeds to 416. Otherwise, method 400 proceeds to 422.
At 422, method 400 delays or modifies particulate filter regeneration until barometric pressure is greater than a predetermined amount or until a threshold pressure drop across the particulate filter is exceeded. If the engine is operated at a lower altitude so that barometric pressure increases, particulate filter regeneration may be reattempted. For example, regeneration of a particulate filter may be first attempted at an altitude of 3,000 meters. If the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit during particulate filter regeneration, particulate filter regeneration may be stopped at the 3,000 meter altitude and restarted at an altitude of 1,000 meters. Alternatively, if the pressure drop across the particulate filter increases beyond a threshold pressure as particulate matter is stored in the particulate filter; particulate filter regeneration may be reattempted when the pressure drop across the particulate filter exceeds a predetermined pressure threshold. Further, in some examples, particulate filter regeneration may be modified by attempting to regenerate at different engine operating conditions. For example, particulate filter regeneration may be attempted at a lower engine mass flow rate and with increased fuel injection timing retard. Method 400 exits after delaying particulate filter regeneration.
At 424, method 400 resets the turbine expansion ratio timer. In one example, the turbine expansion ratio timer is cleared as soon as the turbine expansion ratio is less than the turbine expansion ratio limit. In another example, the turbine expansion ratio timer is cleared after the turbine expansion ratio is less than the turbine expansion ratio limit for more than a predetermined amount of time. For example, the turbine expansion ratio timer may be cleared if the turbine expansion ratio does not exceed the turbine expansion ratio limit for 5 seconds. However, if the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit for 1 second, and then the turbine expansion ratio is less than the turbine expansion ratio limit for 0.5 seconds, and then the turbine expansion ratio is greater than the turbine expansion ratio limit for 4 seconds, the turbine expansion ratio timer will accumulate a time of 5 seconds. If the accumulated time exceeds the expansion ratio time limit, the turbine expansion ratio limit flag is asserted. Method 400 exits after deciding whether or not to reset the expansion ratio timer.
Thus, the method of
operating an engine with a turbocharger; adjusting operation of the engine in response to a turbine expansion ratio exceeding a turbine expansion ratio limit of the turbocharger, the turbine expansion ratio limit varying in response to an exhaust gas flow rate. The engine operating method including where adjusting operation of the engine includes reducing an available amount of engine torque. The engine operating method including where adjusting operation of the engine includes adjusting an actuator to limit the turbine expansion ratio. The engine operating method further comprises limiting regeneration of a particulate filter when the turbine expansion ratio exceeds the turbine expansion ratio limit. The engine operating method further comprises reinitiating regeneration of the particulate filter when an altitude of the engine decreases. The engine operating method including where reinitiating regeneration of the particulate filter automatically begins at a predetermined change in the altitude of the engine.
The method of
As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the method described in
This concludes the description. The reading of it by those skilled in the art would bring to mind many alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and the scope of the description. For example, single cylinder, I2, I3, I4, I5, V6, V8, V10, V12 and V16 engines operating in natural gas, gasoline, diesel, or alternative fuel configurations could use the present description to advantage.
