N/A
N/A
The present invention relates generally to methods and systems for marketing, and in at least some embodiments particularly relates to methods and systems for marketing products through the use of mobile devices.
Numerous different methodologies have been developed for marketing or promoting the sale of products and services (collectively referred to in general hereinafter simply as “products”). Many conventional marketing methodologies are initiated and exclusively controlled by the manufacturers or retailers of products. Yet such marketing methodologies may lack effectiveness, or at least may lack desired levels of effectiveness, to the extent that the methodologies are not sufficiently tailored to reflect or respond to changing consumer desires. Indeed, often it is difficult to take into account consumer desires when developing and implementing the marketing methodologies, either because such information is entirely unavailable or because useful information is difficult to obtain in a timely fashion.
Therefore, for at least the above reasons, it would be advantageous if a new marketing method and/or system could be developed that, when used in place of or in addition to existing marketing methods and systems, produced better results. More particularly, it would be advantageous if such a new marketing method and/or system could be developed that to at least some extent more effectively took into account consumer desires and thereby achieved (or helped to achieve) enhanced results.
In at least some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method for marketing a product. The method includes identifying the product at a mobile device associated with a user, and generating a message indicative of an endorsement of the product by the user, the generating being performed at least in part by way of the mobile device. The method further includes causing, by way of the mobile device, a sending of the message to at least one receiving device associated with at least one personal social contact of the user. Due to the causing, a seller of the product is also notified that the sending of the message has occurred.
In at least some additional embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of marketing a product. The method includes receiving at a first server, from a mobile device associated with a user, an indication of a product that has been identified. The method also includes communicating with the mobile device regarding a message indicative of an endorsement of the product by the user, verifying that the message satisfies at least one criterion established by a seller of the product, and causing the message to be sent to at least one receiving device associated with at least one personal contact of the user.
In at least some further embodiments, the present invention relates to a system for marketing. The system includes a mobile device having a plurality of components including a processing device, a memory device, one or more input devices, and a wireless transceiver, wherein each of the memory device, the one or more input devices, and the wireless transceiver are connected at least indirectly with the processing device by way of one or more internal communication links. The one or more input devices includes one or more of a user interface by which a user can identify a product, a scanner by which a bar code associated with the product can be detected by the mobile device, and an image detector by which an image of the product can be detected. The mobile device is capable of being operated by a user so as to generate a message endorsing the product, and the mobile device is capable of communicating via the wireless transceiver with a first server with respect to the message and, as a result of the communicating, the message is transmitted to one or more receiving devices associated with one or more personal contacts of the user
Referring to
Further as shown, each of the plurality of mobile devices 102 and particularly each of the mobile devices 104, 106 is in communication with, or at least capable of communications with, an application service aggregation server (hereinafter simply referred to as the “aggregation server”) 108. The communications between the plurality of mobile devices 102 and the aggregation server 108 are, in the present embodiment, achieved by way of wireless communications facilitated by wireless infrastructure 110 interposed between the aggregation server and the mobile devices. More particularly, as shown, the first and second mobile devices 104 and 106 is in communication with the wireless infrastructure 110 by way of first and second communication links 114 and 116, which are cellular communication links, and the wireless infrastructure 110 is additionally in communication with the aggregation server 108 by way of a third communication link 118, which is an internet communication link. The component(s) forming the wireless infrastructure 110 can vary depending upon the embodiment and, among other things, can include one or more of a cellular tower and a WiFi transceiver. Also, the manner of communications between the mobile (or wireless) devices 104, 106 and the aggregation server 108 can vary in other manners from that shown depending upon the embodiment. For example, in another alternate embodiment, the mobile devices 104, 106 can communicate directly with the aggregation server 108 via internet communication links (not shown), for example via local area networks (LANs) or wireless local area networks (WLANs).
In addition to being in communication with the mobile devices 104, 106 via the wireless infrastructure 110, the aggregation server 108 is also in communication with (or capable of communications with) a plurality of seller application servers 120, which in the present embodiment includes a first seller application server 122 and a second seller application server 124. More particularly as shown, the first seller application server 122 is in communication with the aggregation server 108 by way of a fourth communication link 126, which is an internet communication link, while the second seller application server 124 is in communication with the aggregation server 108 by way of a fifth communication link 128, which also is an internet communication link. While the mobile devices 104, 106 are clients of the aggregation server 108, the seller application servers are servers in their own right, and the aggregation server 108 can operate as a client in relation to the seller application servers 122, 124.
As will be described in further detail with respect to
Upon a product such as the product 140 being identified, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, one or more product endorsement messages 142 are created that are in turn sent to mobile devices or other receiving devices associated with personal contacts (e.g., friends or family) of the user 138, for example, the mobile device 106 which is shown in
It should be understood that
It should further be understood that, although not necessarily the case in all embodiments, in at least some embodiments communications conducted between the mobile devices 104, 106 and the aggregation server 108, as well as between the seller application servers 122, 124 and the aggregation server 108, are internet-type communications conducted via the World Wide Web (WWW). Further, the communication links 114, 116, 118, 126, and 128 (and especially the links 118, 126, and 128) as well as the wireless infrastructure 110 can be considered portions of the internet in such embodiments. Therefore, insofar as the mobile devices 104, 106 in the present embodiment are clients of the aggregation server 108, in such internet-type embodiments the mobile devices 104, 106 are web clients and the aggregation server 108 is a web server, and the mobile devices 104, 106 can access the web server through the use of web browser programs operating on those mobile devices. Also, insofar as the aggregation server 108 operates as a client relative to the seller application servers 122, 124, in such internet-type embodiments the aggregation server 108 is a web client vis-à-vis the seller application servers 122, 124, with the seller application servers in turn serving as web servers. Via the internet and/or other networks, embodiments of the present invention can potentially allow for product endorsement messages to be sent from, or sent to, any mobile or other devices that are connected/in communication via any of these networks. For example, in some alternate embodiments, in addition to or instead of the mobile devices, other connected devices such as a computer, connected multimedia device (e.g., the iPod Touch available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or internet-connected television can also be in communication with the aggregation server.
Still referring to
Referring to
Each of the wireless transceivers 202 utilizes a wireless technology for communication, such as, but not limited to, cellular-based communication technologies such as analog communications (using AMPS), digital communications (using CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN, GPRS, EDGE, etc.), and next generation communications (using UMTS, WCDMA, LTE, IEEE 802.16, etc.) or variants thereof, or peer-to-peer or ad hoc communication technologies such as HomeRF, Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11(a, b, g or n), or other wireless communication technologies such as infrared technology. In the present embodiment, the wireless transceivers 202 include both cellular transceivers 203 and a wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver 205 (which particularly can employ infrared technology), although in other embodiments only one of these types of wireless transceivers (and possibly neither of these types of wireless transceivers, and/or other types of wireless transceivers) is present. Also, the number of wireless transceivers can vary and, in some embodiments, only one wireless transceiver is present and further, depending upon the embodiment, each wireless transceiver 202 can include both a receiver and a transmitter, or only one or the other of those devices. It will be understood that it is particularly the cellular transceiver 203 of each of the mobile devices 104, 106 that allows for the respective mobile device to communicate with the wireless infrastructure 110 as shown in
Exemplary operation of the wireless transceivers 202 in conjunction with others of the internal components 200 of the mobile devices 104, 106 can take a variety of forms and can include, for example, operation in which, upon reception of wireless signals, the internal components detect communication signals and the transceiver 202 demodulates the communication signals to recover incoming information, such as voice and/or data, transmitted by the wireless signals. After receiving the incoming information from the transceiver 202, the processor 204 formats the incoming information for the one or more output devices 208. Likewise, for transmission of wireless signals, the processor 204 formats outgoing information, which may or may not be activated by the input devices 210, and conveys the outgoing information to one or more of the wireless transceivers 202 for modulation to communication signals. The wireless transceiver(s) 202 convey the modulated signals to a remote device, such as a cell tower, WLAN access point, or a remote server (not shown).
Depending upon the embodiment, the input and output devices 208, 210 of the internal components 200 can include a variety of visual, audio and/or mechanical outputs. For example, the output device(s) 208 can include a visual output device 216 such as a liquid crystal display and light emitting diode indicator, an audio output device 218 such as a speaker, alarm and/or buzzer, and/or a mechanical output device 220 such as a vibrating mechanism. The visual output devices 216 among other things can include the video screen 6 of
As for the sensors 228, these can include both proximity sensors 229 and other sensors 231. The proximity sensors 229 can include, for example, infrared sensing devices and/or other types of proximity detectors such as electromagnetic proximity detectors. By comparison, the other sensors 231 can include other types of sensors, such as a location circuit 228 that can include, for example, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a triangulation receiver, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or any other information collecting device that can identify a current location of the mobile device on which it is implemented. The sensors 228 can in at least some circumstances be considered as being encompassed within input devices 210 (or the two groupings can be considered to overlap entirely or to some degree).
The memory portion 206 of the internal components 200 can encompass one or more memory devices of any of a variety of forms (e.g., read-only memory, random access memory, static random access memory, dynamic random access memory, etc.), and can be used by the processor 204 to store and retrieve data. The data that is stored by the memory portion 206 can include, but need not be limited to, operating systems, applications, and informational data. Each operating system includes executable code that controls basic functions of the communication device, such as interaction among the various components included among the internal components 200, communication with external devices via the wireless transceivers 202 and/or the component interface 212, and storage and retrieval of applications and data to and from the memory portion 206. Each application includes executable code that utilizes an operating system to provide more specific functionality for the communication devices, such as file system service and handling of protected and unprotected data stored in the memory portion 206. Informational data is non-executable code or information that can be referenced and/or manipulated by an operating system or application for performing functions of the communication device.
Referring to
Next, at a step 306, the aggregation server 108 generates one or more product endorsement messages, such as the product endorsement message 142 of
Next, at a step 308, the process further involves sending out or publishing of the product endorsement message(s) to personal social contacts of the user of the mobile device 104 at which the product was identified, for example, the user personal contact 144 of
Although
The product endorsement message(s) 142 generated at the step 306 can take a variety of forms depending upon the embodiment or operational circumstance. In some embodiments or circumstances, when a product such as the product 140 is identified in the step 304, a single standard product endorsement message is generated at the step 306 that is then suitable for sending to multiple personal contacts of the user who endorsed the product. In other embodiments, even when only a single product has been identified in the step 304, multiple different product endorsement messages are generated in relation to that product. In some cases, the different product endorsement messages are respectively tailored for the respective personal contacts of the user to whom those messages are intended to be sent. Further, the content or format of personal endorsement messages can vary considerably depending upon the embodiment or circumstance. In some embodiments or circumstances, for example, the personal endorsement messages are email messages or text messages. Also, in some embodiments or circumstances, the personal endorsement messages involve audio information, image information such as video imaging, or other forms of content, or combinations of one or more of the aforementioned types of content so as to be multimedia product endorsement messages.
Next, at a step 310, the process additionally involves informing a seller of the identified product that the product endorsement message(s) have been published, by informing the seller's application server. For example, with respect to
Although not required in every embodiment or situation, in the present embodiment of
Assuming that the seller 148 does approve the product endorsement message 142, then at a step 314 the seller can further compensate the user 138 for making the product endorsement. Such compensation can take a variety of forms depending upon the embodiment. For example, in one embodiment, the seller application server 122 can send a message back to the mobile device 104 associated with the user 138, where the message indicates that the user now has an opportunity to receive a discount on some other product offered by the seller. Upon the completion of the step 314, the process then ends at the step 316.
It should be understood that the process represented by the flowchart 300 is only an example of steps that can be performed depending upon the embodiment of the present invention. Not all the steps shown in
Turning to
Also, for example, the product 140 can be identified by way of one or more of the sensors 228 of the mobile device 104. In this regard, further for example, the user 138 can hold up the product 140 (or a picture of the product) in front of a camera or other imaging sensing device of the mobile device 104, and an image of the product can then be sensed and recognized by the mobile device 104 by way of associated image processing performed by the mobile device 104 (this can be termed “augmented reality”). In some embodiments, the mobile device 104 is able to determine the identity of the product 140 based upon a picture of the product provided on a product receipt. Also, in some embodiments, the mobile device 104 is capable of reading by way of a barcode scanner 231 or camera 222 a barcode associated with the product 140 and, by virtue of reading that barcode, capable of identifying the product. The barcode could be found, for example, on a product label, on a sales receipt, at a point of sale, on the product itself, etc.
Next, at a step 406 the mobile device 104 communicates with the aggregation server 108 to see if there is a marketing campaign for the product 140 that has been identified at the step 404. For example, the user 138 of the mobile device 104 can be solicited when at a point of sale by the aggregation server 108, in response to which the aggregation server finds out if a marketing campaign is going on regarding the identified product and provides that information back to the mobile device. Typically, the aggregation server 108 will not have the marketing campaign information in its possession already. Consequently, upon receiving the product identification information from the mobile client at the step 406, the aggregation server 108 communicates with the appropriate seller application server, which in this case is the first seller application server 122 of
Next, at a step 412, the mobile device 104 also notifies the user 138 about the type of product endorsement messages that are accepted including, for example, text messages, audio messages, video messages, etc., as well as any deadline applicable for that type of endorsement. This information in some circumstances can also have been provided to the mobile device 104 from the aggregation server 108 (and, before that, from the seller application server 122). In some additional embodiments, the mobile device 104 provides additional information to the user 138 from the aggregation server 108 regarding other issues as well including. For example, in some embodiments, information is provided regarding how long of a time period that the marketing campaign for the product 140 will be going on. This timeline information in some such embodiments will then be enforced with respect to how or when product endorsement messages can be sent out. For example, in a circumstance where the product 140 is identified by the user 138 at the time of purchase, the timeline can be a few weeks from the date of purchase, to allow the user sufficient time to fully understand the product and its functionality in a manner that allows the user's endorsement to be more accurate.
Upon the user 138 being notified that a marketing campaign is being run in relation to the product 140 identified at the step 404 and that user endorsements of one or more types are being accepted, the user may wish to participate in the marketing campaign by providing his or her own endorsements of the product and having those endorsements communicated to the user's personal contacts. There are multiple reasons why the user 138 might wish to do this. For example, the user 138 may simply wish to endorse the product 140 because the user does, in fact, like or prefer the product. Alternatively, or in addition to that reason, as already discussed with respect to the step 314 of
Although it is possible for the aggregation server 108 in some embodiments to generate product endorsement messages automatically on behalf of a user such as the user 138 who has indicated an interest in providing such an endorsement, in the embodiment of
In some embodiments, the mobile device 104 further facilitates the creation of the product endorsement message 142 by allowing the user 138 to develop specific types of endorsement media. For example, in some embodiments, the mobile device 104 allows the user 138 to generate a personalized endorsement that includes video or audio recordings of the user himself or herself commenting on the product. Such recordings can be accomplished using the input devices 210/sensors 228 of the mobile device 104 itself (e.g., a camera) or using information imported from other devices (e.g., a camcorder or voice recorder). It should be noted that, although in this embodiment the message generation process involves interactions between the user 138 and the mobile device 104, the amount of user input can vary considerably depending upon the particular circumstance and, in some circumstances, the message generation process can be largely if not entirely automatically performed, by way of the mobile device 104 and/or the aggregation server 108.
Upon the product endorsement message 142 being created at the step 416, at a step 417 the mobile device 104 then sends (or uploads) the endorsement to the aggregation server 108. In response, at a step 418, the aggregation server 108 verifies the content of the endorsement and/or otherwise determines whether to approve the product endorsement message 142. In some cases, this verification/approval merely involves the aggregation server 108 taking steps to verify that the endorsement satisfies certain standard obligations in terms of accuracy and/or does not include any errors in terms of product identification or the like. In other embodiments, the aggregation server 108 determines whether the product endorsement message 142 satisfies particular requirements established by the seller 148 of the product 140 including, for example, requirements determined by that seller as being pertinent to the marketing campaign that is underway. Although not shown, such requirements established by the seller 148 can be communicated from the first seller application server 122 to the aggregation server 108 (either at this time or an earlier time).
Also, in some alternate embodiments, at the step 418 the aggregation server 108 can also determine whether the product endorsement message 142 is appropriate for all of the personal contacts of the user 138 of the mobile device 104 or only some of those personal contacts. That is, in some such embodiments, multiple different versions of the product endorsement message 142 (or multiple different messages) are intended to be sent out to different ones of the personal contacts, and are specially-tailored for those different personal contacts. It should be noted that, in making such a determination, it can be advantageous for the aggregation server 108 to review the contact information 146 regarding the personal contacts of the user 138 to the extent such contact information is already available to the aggregation server. The contact information 146 in some circumstances can include not only information regarding how to contact particular parties, but also information regarding personal preferences or other attributes of those parties that can influence a determination of whether or in what manner product endorsement messages should be sent to those parties. While in the present embodiment of
Further, while in some embodiments the aggregation server 108 determines whether to approve a proposed endorsement message, in other embodiments the proposed endorsement message is provided further to one or more (as appropriate) of the seller application servers (e.g., the seller application server 122) for approval by the seller(s). Also, while in the above-described examples approval of a proposed endorsement message occurs prior to the publishing of the message, as already discussed with reference to
Following the verification (or other review or approval consideration) performed at the step 418, if at a step 419 the aggregation server 108 does not approve the product endorsement message, then the aggregation server at a further step 420 sends a denial message to the first mobile device 104 indicating that the proposed produce endorsement message is unsatisfactory (and often also the reason(s) why this is the case). Upon the sending of the denial message, in the present embodiment, the process then returns to the step 416 in which the user again creates (that is, re-creates) a product endorsement message. Alternatively, if at the step 419 the aggregation server 108 approves of the product endorsement message, then the process further advances to a step 421, at which the aggregation server 108 considers whether the product endorsement message will be sent to (published with respect to) the receiving devices such as the second mobile device 106 by the aggregation server itself or instead will be sent by the first mobile device 104 associated with the user 138 who has endorsed the product 140.
Although the flow chart 400 of
If at the step 421 it is determined that the aggregation server 108 is to do the publishing, then prior to doing such publishing the aggregation server needs to have assembled or aggregated the contact information 146 for those personal contacts. At a step 422, therefore, the aggregation server 108 obtains and aggregates the users' contact information. It will be understood that the aggregation server 108 can aggregate the contact information 146 in a variety of matters depending upon the embodiment of the invention. In some cases, for example, the aggregation server 108 will merely inquire with the mobile device 104 as to contact information stored at the mobile device 104 and the mobile device in turn will provide that contact information to the aggregation server. In other embodiments, the aggregation server 108 is able to collect some or all of the contact information 146 pertinent to the user 138 of the mobile device 104 from a variety of sources other than, or in addition to, the mobile device 104. For example, in some circumstances, the aggregation server 108 has rights (or maintains rights) to access third party social networking websites (not shown) to obtain information about the user's personal contacts from those websites to the extent that the user has established accounts on those websites. As noted above, the time at which such contact information is aggregated need not necessarily occur subsequent to the performing of the step 421 in all embodiments and, indeed, in some embodiments such aggregation can be an ongoing process performed by the aggregation server 108.
Assuming that the aggregation server 108 is responsible for publishing the message as determined at the step 421, and further assuming that the product endorsement message 142 has been approved and that the aggregation server has the contact information 146 to be used in publishing the message, then at a step 423 the aggregation server 108 publishes (or posts) the product endorsement message to the receiving devices associated with the user's personal contacts including, for example, the mobile device 106 associated with the personal contact 144. The aggregation server 108 can cause the publication of the product endorsement message by sending out the message by way of appropriate ones of the communication links such as the communication links 118 and 116 of
Alternatively, if it is the first mobile device 104 that is responsible for publishing the message as determined at the step 421 (and assuming that the product endorsement message 142 has been approved at the step 419), then at a step 424 the first mobile device 104 associated with the user 138 endorsing the product 140 publishes (or posts) the product endorsement message itself, without assistance from the aggregation server 108. In some circumstances, this publishing only occurs in response to an express command provided by the user 138 to the mobile device 104 (e.g., by way of one or more of the input devices 210). The sending of the product endorsement message proceeds by appropriate ones of the communication links. For example, to send the product endorsement message 142 to the second mobile device 106, the message would be sent by way of the communication links 114, 116 and the wireless infrastructure 110 shown in
Depending upon the embodiment, the manner of publishing performed by way of either the aggregation server 108 or the mobile device 104 associated with the user 138 endorsing the product 140 can take a variety of forms. In some embodiments, one or more of the product endorsement messages are respectively directly sent from the sending entity (the aggregation server or mobile device) to each respective receiving device (e.g., the mobile device 106), for example, as independent and distinct email messages (or email pages on login, or other message signatures). In other embodiments, the user 138 (or mobile device or aggregation server acting on behalf thereof) can instead post the product endorsement message onto the user's social network website(s) and/or cause messages to be sent to the user's contacts by way of the communication mechanisms afforded by way of those social networking websites. More particularly, for example, the product endorsement messages can be published via social networking website personal pages (e.g., as found on Facebook, Myspace™, etc.), mobile-based social networks (e.g., Latitude, etc.), personal pages or blogs, alumni pages, accounts with a user name and password, searchable databases available to users' personal networks, etc.
In alternate embodiments, the publishing of the product endorsement message 142 can be performed by one or more of the seller application servers such as the first seller application server 122 on behalf of one or more sellers such as the seller 148. To accomplish this, the proposed product endorsement message generated by the user 138/mobile device 104 is provided from the user/mobile device to the aggregation server 108 and subsequently to the seller application server 122. Further in the alternative, the seller application server 122 can itself generate the appropriate product endorsement message simply upon receiving a message from the mobile device 104 (via the aggregation server 108) that the user 138 has agreed to endorse the product 140 provided by the seller 148. In one example, the seller application server 122 can accomplish such a publishing of the product endorsement message simply by sending a banner advertisement to be placed on a website page of a social networking website of the user 138.
Once the product endorsement message(s) 142 have been published or posted, either at the step 423 or at the step 424, then the process further advances to a step 426 at which the user 138 is compensated for the user's endorsement of the product 140 and the user's publishing of that endorsement. As shown in
Such compensation can occur in a variety of manners and involve additional steps not shown in
The user 138 who authorized and caused the sending of the product endorsement message 142 in some cases is not the only person who can benefit in terms of being compensated by the seller 148 of the product 140 being promoted. In some further cases, as shown by a step 430, those of the personal contacts of the user 138 who receive the product endorsement message 142 (e.g., the personal contact 144) and who then ultimately purchase the product being promoted by the endorsement also can be compensated in some manner by the seller 148 of that product. This can be desirable because it can reinforce the relationship or connection between the original user 138 who has sent out the product endorsement message 144 and the user's personal contacts. Also, as shown in a step 432, the mobile device 104 of the user 138 who has caused the publishing of the product endorsement message(s) 142 can notify and keep track of the user's points, discounts and other compensation, as well as possibly any compensation provided to the user's personal contacts as can occur in accordance with the step 430. For example, where points/discounts have been provided by a particular one of the sellers such as the seller 148 to the user 138 following the user's endorsement, the mobile device 104 can determine and/or remind the user 138 of the availability of those points/discounts when the user is making other product purchases. Subsequently, the process ends at a step 434, although it will be understood that the process can continue operating or repeat indefinitely.
It will be appreciated from the above discussion that one or more embodiments of the present invention can be advantageous as marketing methods, particularly insofar as the product endorsement messages that are sent out will more closely align with consumer desires on a number of counts. In particular, by virtue of having product endorsement messages sent from users to the user's own personal contacts, the recipients of the endorsement messages are more likely to consider the endorsement messages and positively respond to (be influenced by) those message in terms of considering purchasing or using the endorsed products. In this respect the sending of product endorsement messages in the above-described manners to personal contacts is able to obtain benefits similar to word-of-mouth marketing.
Additionally, since the user endorsing the product can often have similar preferences to those of the user's personal contacts, the endorsement messages can for that reason be more closely aligned with the recipients' preferences. Further, to the extent that the user publishing the endorsement messages takes into account the personal preferences of the user's personal contacts and personally tailors the endorsement messages for those different personal contacts, the promotional value will likely be even more appropriately suited for those contacts. A seller can also in some embodiments monitor the product endorsement messages that are sent out and, based upon the collected information, further adjust the seller's marketing campaign, adjust the tips (e.g., suggested features or templates) provided to the user for the purpose of generating the product endorsement messages, and adjust the requirements that the seller specifies for such product endorsement messages. All of these adjustments can potentially further enhance the marketing of the seller's product.
It is specifically intended that the present invention not be limited to the embodiments and illustrations contained herein, but include modified forms of those embodiments including portions of the embodiments and combinations of elements of different embodiments as come within the scope of the following claims.