Patent Application
20110153096
The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to a system and method for monitoring operation of a wind farm and, more specifically, to monitoring one or more environmental conditions for a plurality of wind turbines.
Wind turbines are regarded as environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive alternative sources of energy that utilize wind energy to produce electrical power. A wind turbine generally includes a wind rotor having a plurality of blades that transform wind energy into rotational motion of a drive shaft, which in turn is utilized to drive a rotor of an electrical generator to produce electrical power. Modern wind power generation systems typically take the form of a wind farm having multiple wind turbines that are operable to supply power to a transmission system providing power to a utility grid.
Wind is an intermittent resource and collective power output of the wind farm is significantly influenced by changes in wind conditions, as well as temperature and altitude. However, wind condition and/or temperature may change drastically in a relatively short time span. Generally, power output of a wind turbine increases with wind speed until the wind speed reaches a threshold wind speed for the turbine. With further increases in wind speed, the turbine operates at a rated power-up to a cut off value or a trip level. The rated wind speed is generally the wind speed at which dynamic loads on the wind turbine cause the mechanical components of the turbine to reach a fatigue limit that tends to shorten the lifespan of the wind turbine. However, monitoring each wind turbine in a large wind farm can be an overwhelming task as it is very difficult to monitor each wind turbine within a short period of time, and thus, quickly react to a situation where an unfavorable environmental condition is detected.
In one aspect, a method for monitoring operation of a wind farm including a plurality of wind turbines is provided. The method includes monitoring a parameter indicative of an environmental condition at each wind turbine of the plurality of wind turbines, transmitting, to a monitoring component, a signal representative of the parameter from each wind turbine, determining whether the monitored parameter is one of above a first threshold level and below a second threshold level, and displaying on a display device a live plot representative of the monitored environmental condition corresponding to each wind turbine.
In another aspect, a system for monitoring operation of a wind farm including a plurality of wind turbines is provided. The system includes a central server configured to operate the plurality of wind turbines. The central server includes a memory area for storing threshold tables and a processor. The processor is programmed to receive a signal representative of a parameter indicative of an environmental condition from each wind turbine of the plurality of wind turbines, compare a monitored environmental condition to one of a plurality of threshold levels for the environmental condition, determine whether the compared environmental condition is one of above a first threshold level and below a second threshold level, and transmit a change of operation request to each wind turbine indicating the monitored environmental condition is one of above the first threshold level and below the second threshold level.
In yet another aspect, one or more computer-readable media having computer-executable components is provided. The components include a monitoring component that when executed by at least one processor causes the processor to receive a signal representative of an environmental condition of each wind turbine of a plurality of wind turbines, a determining component that when executed by the processor causes the processor to determine whether the environmental condition is one of above and below a threshold level, and a display component that when executed by the processor causes the processor to display the monitored environmental condition corresponding to each wind turbine.
The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the attached figures.
The present disclosure provides a system and method for monitoring operation of a wind farm. In one embodiment, a central server monitors a plurality of environmental conditions within the wind farm that effect one or more wind turbines. In certain embodiments, the central server is operable to shut down each wind turbine, pitch blades on each wind turbine, and/or feather blades on each wind turbine if one or more environmental conditions rise to an unsafe level, e.g., reach or approach a threshold level. In addition, a user may be presented with an identification of each wind turbine that indicates an environmental condition at an unsafe level.
Referring initially to
In the embodiment shown in
Wind turbines 104, 106, and 108 also include memory devices 118, 120, and 122, respectively. Memory devices 118, 120, and 122 are configured to store temporal data corresponding to environmental conditions. In one embodiment, sensors 110, 112, and 114 include an anemometer configured to measure wind speed. In an alternative embodiment, wind speeds may be inferred from turbine parameters such as, for example, blade pitch, turbine power, and the like. In a further embodiment, meteorological masts may be used to measure wind speeds at a single location to facilitate determining wind speeds at individual wind turbines using wind distribution data.
Each wind turbine 104, 106, and 108 also includes processors 130, 132, and 134, respectively. Processors 130, 132, and 134 may be utilized to compute temporal averages of sensed wind speeds at different points in time. In one embodiment, the temporal averages include rolling averages of sensed wind speeds for one or more moving time windows of different durations. As an example, rolling averages may be computed for moving time windows of 10 minutes, 30 seconds, and 3 seconds. Processors 130, 132, and 134 are configured to receive a signal and execute a command in response to the received signal indicative of a request to change an operational state of a wind turbine when an environmental condition including, without limitation, one or more of a wind speed, a turbine speed, a turbine power, a rate of change of turbine speed, a rate of change of turbine power, a blade pitch angle, a projected wind speed, a temperature of components, an external temperature, a pressure, a load, a number of shaft rotations per minute, and a component life is one of above a first threshold level, such as a maximum threshold level, and below a second threshold level, such as a minimum threshold level, and communicate the signal to central server 102 via corresponding communication links 116. In one embodiment, a threshold level may also be any point between a maximum threshold level and a minimum threshold level. Processors 130, 132, and 134 are also in communication with various turbine and generator controls 124, 128, and 130, respectively, including, without limitation, one or more of a pitch control system, a torque control system, and a power control system, each of which are configured to alter an operational state of the corresponding wind turbine based on signals received from central server 102.
In a further embodiment, as shown in
Central server 102 further includes a display 206 and at least one processor 204 that reads data from various entities, such as memory 202. Display 206 may be, for example, a capacitive touch screen display or other suitable display device. User input functionality is provided in display 206, which acts as a user input selection device. Display 206 is configured to be responsive to a user pressing contact on display 206 to selectively perform functionality. Display 206 may also include a keypad which operates in a conventional manner. Thus, a user can operate desired functions available with central server 102 by contacting a surface of display 206.
Memory area 202 further stores one or more computer-executable components. Exemplary computer-executable components include, without limitation, one or more of a monitoring component 208 (e.g., sensors and supporting hardware devices), a comparing component 210, a determining component 212, a display component 214, and a transmitting component 216. While the components are shown as stored in memory area 202, the components may be stored and/or executed from a memory area remote from central server 102. For example, the components may be stored by a cloud service, and the output of the execution of the components may be provided to central server 102. Such embodiments reduce the computational and storage burden on central server 102.
Processor 204 executes computer-executable instructions for implementing aspects described herein. For example, monitoring component 208 is executed by processor 204. Processor 204 receives a signal or accesses information corresponding to a parameter indicative of an environmental condition from each of a plurality of wind turbines, for example, wind turbines 104, 106, and 108. Processor 204 may be in communication with various turbine and generator controls (e.g., wind turbine controls 124, 126, and 128) such as a pitch control system, a torque control system, and/or a power control system, and as will be describe herein below, is configured to alter an operational state of a wind turbine based on signals received from central server 102. After a current state of an environmental condition has been received, comparing component 210 causes processor 204 to compare the environmental condition to a threshold level stored in memory area 202. Next, determining component 212 causes processor 204 to determine whether the compared environmental condition is one of above a first threshold level and below a second threshold level.
If, upon comparing, processor 204 determines that the environmental condition is one of above the first threshold level and below the second threshold level, transmitting component 216 causes processor 204 to transmit a change of operation request to each wind turbine that indicates that the environmental condition is one of above the first threshold level and below the second threshold level. For example, in response to high wind speeds (e.g., wind speeds approaching a threshold wind speed limit), a signal may be transmitted to a wind turbine to request that the wind turbine shut down, pitch the blades of the wind turbine toward stall (i.e. at 90 degrees to the wind direction), and/or feather the blades of the wind turbine (i.e. at 0 degrees to the wind direction), resulting in limited or minimal capture of wind energy by the blades.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that threshold limits for wind turbines generally vary from wind turbine to wind turbine, wind turbine location and what configurations are installed on a particular wind turbine. For example, the threshold limits for a 1.5 MW wind turbine may be different from the threshold limits of 2.5 MW wind turbine. Further, threshold limits of a 2.5 MW wind turbine under “normal” weather conditions are different when compared to threshold limits of a 2.5 MW wind turbine that is working in a CWE (cold weather extreme) conditions. As such, in one embodiment, each wind turbine may include standard threshold limits that are automatically configured by the manufacturer. In a further embodiment, a user can reconfigure the standard threshold values, or a user can create their own threshold values based on, for example, environmental conditions and locations of each wind turbine.
Further, the transmitted signal may request the wind turbine to curtail power output in an orderly or sequenced manner, request to maintain a desired rate of collective power output, and/or request a power down rate under high wind speed conditions. In a further embodiment, a shutdown operation may include mechanical braking of the turbine rotor. In one embodiment, a wind turbine is configured to anticipate when average wind speeds approach an unsafe wind speed limit, and communicate a signal to central server 102. The signal may be a request by the wind turbine to change an existing operational state. For example, in one embodiment, the request includes a shutdown request or a blade pitch request, a feather blade request, and/or a request to operate the wind turbine generator at a curtailed power output.
Display component 214, causes processor 204 to display monitored environmental conditions corresponding to each wind turbine presented on display 206. In particular, display component 214 displays an aggregate operational status of each wind turbine in power system 100. For example, a live plot of power system 100 may be displayed to a user. In one embodiment, to simplify a necessity of a user to check individual wind turbines, icons representative of each wind turbine in power system 100 may be shown with a visual indicator, such as a color code, that corresponds to an environmental condition level. Thus, once an unfavorable environmental condition (e.g., an environmental condition that is one of above the first threshold level and below the second threshold level) is determined, a wind turbine indicating or associated with the unfavorable environmental condition may be indicated by the color red on display 206, enabling a user to easily identify that particular wind turbine and an environmental condition associated therewith. Thus, a user is able to closely monitor an entire wind farm, or a particular wind turbine as a change in operation of the wind turbine is executed. Further, a user is able to quickly initiate a change in operation based on the live plot. For example, if a user is provided with a visual indication that a major component has failed, the user can quickly take control action and force a shutdown of a specific wind turbine or wind farm.
Further, if a wind turbine is approaching a threshold limit, the environmental condition may be indicated by the color yellow, or the color blue if a threat to exceed a threshold limit is low. Although a color code is described herein with respect to an indication of a current level of an environmental condition, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other visual indicators such as numbers, words, and/or symbols as well as audio indicators, such as an alarm, may also be used to identify a current level of an environmental condition to a user.
In a further embodiment, each of the environmental conditions (e.g. a wind speed, a turbine speed, a turbine power, a rate of change of turbine speed, a rate of change of turbine power, a blade pitch angle, a projected wind speed, a temperature of components, an external temperature, a pressure, a load, a number of shaft rotations per minute, and a component life) are listed on display 206, and each environmental condition corresponding to each wind turbine is identified with a visual indicator.
For example, exemplary display of a live plot of a wind farm is shown in
In the embodiments shown in
With reference now to
In a further embodiment, only one wind turbine is initially identified with a visual indicator. In this embodiment, a user may select a wind turbine, and upon selection, environmental conditions corresponding to each of a wind speed, a turbine speed, a turbine power, a rate of change of turbine speed, a rate of change of turbine power, a blade pitch angle, a projected wind speed, a temperature of components, an external temperature, a pressure, a load, a number of shaft rotations per minute, and a component life are displayed and identified with a visual indicator in a separate window, enabling a user to visually see a current status of each individual environmental condition at a glance.
In an alternative embodiment, a user may select one more environmental conditions corresponding to each of a wind speed, a turbine speed, a turbine power, a rate of change of turbine speed, a rate of change of turbine power, a blade pitch angle, a projected wind speed, a temperature of components, an external temperature, a pressure, a load, a number of shaft rotations per minute, and a component life, enabling a user to visually see the selected one or more environmental conditions for all of the wind turbines that they apply to.
Referring next to
At 314, the monitored environmental condition corresponding to each wind turbine is displayed on display 206. As described above, a live plot of power system 100 including icons representative of each wind turbine in power system 100 may be shown with visual indicators such as numbers, words, and/or symbols as well as audio indicators, such as an alarm, may be used to identify a current environmental condition to a user. Thus, once an unfavorable environmental condition (e.g., an environmental condition that exceeds a threshold level) is determined or identified, a wind turbine indicating or associated with the unfavorable environmental condition may be identified by a visual or audio indicator to a user on display 206.
A computer or computing device such as described herein has one or more processors or processing units, system memory, and some form of computer readable media. By way of example and not limitation, computer readable media include computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Communication media typically embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and include any information delivery media. Combinations of any of the above are also included within the scope of computer readable media.
The computer may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer. Although described in connection with an exemplary computing system environment, embodiments of the invention are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. The computing system environment is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of any aspect of the invention. Moreover, the computing system environment should not be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operating environment. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with aspects of the invention include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, mobile telephones, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
Embodiments of the invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. The computer-executable instructions may be organized into one or more computer-executable components or modules. Generally, program modules include, but are not limited to, routines, programs, objects, components, and data structures that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Aspects of the invention may be implemented with any number and organization of such components or modules. For example, aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific computer-executable instructions or the specific components or modules illustrated in the figures and described herein. Other embodiments of the invention may include different computer-executable instructions or components having more or less functionality than illustrated and described herein. Aspects of the invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
Aspects of the invention transform a general-purpose computer into a special-purpose computing device when configured to execute the instructions described herein.
The order of execution or performance of the operations in embodiments of the invention illustrated and described herein is not essential, unless otherwise specified. That is, the operations may be performed in any order, unless otherwise specified, and embodiments of the invention may include additional or fewer operations than those disclosed herein. For example, it is contemplated that executing or performing a particular operation before, contemporaneously with, or after another operation is within the scope of aspects of the invention.
When introducing elements of aspects of the invention or the embodiments thereof, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
Having described aspects of the invention in detail, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of aspects of the invention as defined in the appended claims. As various changes could be made in the above constructions, products, and methods without departing from the scope of aspects of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
