Patent Application
20210199560
The invention relates to the field of safety assessment of in-service bridges, and in particular, to a method and a system for predicting the corrosion fatigue life of prestressed concrete bridges.
Prestressed concrete bridges have a strong span capability, which account for a large proportion in highway bridges. In recent years, the durability problem gradually appears in such type of bridges. For a post-tensioned prestressed concrete bridge, in a construction technology, grouting is required after tension of strands. However, in early construction of the post-tensioned prestressed concrete bridges, insufficient grouting generally occurs as a result of the imperfect grouting technique or the constructional deficiency. Insufficient grouting accelerates the invasion of corrosive ions and leads to corrosion of strands. Corrosion decreases the cross-section area of strands, and therefore increase sits actual stress amplitude. In addition, an in-service bridge repeatedly bears continuously increasing vehicle loads that will accelerate the damage accumulation of the bridge. The combined action of corrosion and fatigue significantly increases the failure probability of an in-service bridge.
At present, the widely used residual fatigue life prediction of prestressed concrete bridges are based on the empirical formula obtained from laboratory fatigue test. However, some factors such as the degeneration of elastic modulus of concrete, an increased stress on strands, and the interaction of corrosion and fatigue are not considered. Fatigue life prediction considering these factors simultaneously is a very complicated work. In laboratory fatigue test, the failure of test beams often initiates with the fracture of longitudinal tension bars. With an increase of corrosion level, the fatigue failure gradually turns to strands fracture. How to effectively consider strands corrosion, vehicle loads, degeneration of elastic modulus of concrete, and stress concentration in fatigue life prediction is urgent to be resolved.
A technical problem to be resolved in the invention is to provide a method and a system for predicting the corrosion fatigue life of prestressed concrete bridges that are proper, highly adaptable, and closer to actual damage evolution of the bridge to overcome a disadvantage of the prior art.
In order to resolve the foregoing technical problem, a technical solution used in this invention is a method for predicting the corrosion fatigue life of prestressed concrete bridges, including the following steps:
step 1: calculating the elastic strain and plastic strain of concrete in compression zone under fatigue load, and calculating the continuously degenerating elastic modulus of concrete;
step 2: representing a corrosion rate of the strand using a corrosion current density and predicting the mass loss of strands; calculating the residual effective tension force of strands;
calculating an elastic strain of the strand caused by the fatigue load according to a deformation coordination condition, degeneration of the elastic modulus of the concrete, and an influence on a strain growth of the strand from stress concentration caused by pitting corrosion; and calculating an irrecoverable plastic strain of the strand according to an influence of the plastic strain of concrete in compression zone, to obtain a stress of the strand under a combined action of corrosion and fatigue;
step 3: obtaining an initial stress of longitudinal tension bars according to an influence of tension and anchoring of the strand on a prestress of the longitudinal tension bars; calculating the elastic stress of longitudinal tension bars under fatigue load; and calculating a plastic stress of a longitudinal tension bar according to an influence of the plastic strain of the concrete in the compression zone, to obtain a total stress of the longitudinal tension bar under the combined action of corrosion and fatigue; and
step 4: performing real time stress-strain calculation on the concrete, the longitudinal tension bar and the strand in response to an increased fatigue load, and determining the failure modes of a structure based on a stress-strain growth relationship model and the failure criterion of concrete, longitudinal tension bar and strand, to evaluate the fatigue life of structures.
Step 1 includes the following.
Under fatigue load, the strain of the concrete in the compression zone includes an elastic strain εcen and an irrecoverable plastic strain εcpn.
First, the elastic strain εcen of the edge of the concrete compression zone is calculated as:
where Ecn-1 and M0n-1 are elastic modulus of concrete and the bending moment effect caused by an effective tension force of the strand after (n−1) times of fatigue load, respectively, and Mpn, xn and Icrn, are the cross-section bending moment, the height of the compression zone, and the inertia moment of the cracked cross-section caused by vehicle load after n times of fatigue cycles, respectively. For xn, refer to the method for calculating the height of the compression zone in partially prestressed concrete-bending member.
The strain of concrete includes an elastic strain and a plastic strain. An influence of a variable stress process on degeneration of the elastic modulus of concrete is considered, to quantify the strain growth mechanism of the concrete.
The inertia moment of the cracked cross-section can be expressed as:
I
cr
n=⅓byn3+αEPnAp,en(hp−yn)2+αESnAs,en(hs−yn)2+αESnAs,en(yn−as′)2 (2),
where b is a width of the cross-section, yn is a distance between the neutral axis of the cracked cross-section and an edge of the concrete compression zone after n times of fatigue load, hs, hp, and as′ are distances from the center of longitudinal tension bar, the center of strand, and the center of compression steel bars to the edge of the compression zone of concrete respectively, (if longitudinal tension bar and strand have the same cross-section loss, hs, hp, and as′ are constant values in the fatigue period); αEPn, and αESn are the ratio of an elastic modulus of the strand to the elastic modulus of the concrete Ecn-1, and the ratio of an elastic modulus of the longitudinal tension bar to the elastic modulus of the concrete Ecn-1 after n times of fatigue load, respectively; Ap,en, As,en, and As,en are the effective residual cross-sectional areas of strands, tension longitudinal bars, and the steel bars in the compression zone, respectively.
Secondly, the stress correlation coefficient αr,n of the concrete in the compression zone after n times of fatigue load is calculated as follows:
where σc,max,nf and σc,min,nf are maximum and minimum elastic stress of the edge of the compression zone after n times of fatigue load, respectively σc,max,nf=Ecn-1εce,maxn and σc,min,nf=Ecn-1εce,minn.
A plastic strain εcpn of the edge of the concrete compression zone is:
where fc0 is an initial compressive strength of concrete; Ec0 is an initial elastic modulus of concrete; ni is the number of the ith fatigue load (n is related to a vehicle load and is a function of t).
Then, the elastic modulus of the concrete after n times of fatigue load is obtained as follows:
where Ecn is the elastic modulus of the concrete after n times of fatigue load; correction coefficient β is a statistical result (for C20-C50, β=0.61, and for C60-C70, β=0.875).
A failure criterion for the concrete in the compression zone is as follows:
εcpn≥0.4εc0 (6),
where εc0 is an ultimate compressive strain of the concrete under static load.
Step 2 includes the following.
A peak stress σp,maxn of the strand under fatigue load has three items: an initial tensile stress σp0n caused by a residual effective tension force Tρ
A mass loss rate can be expressed as:
where iccor, is a corrosion current density; L is a corrosion length; R is a corrosion variation coefficient for different types of steel bars in the structure. For the strand, R=1.
The residual effective tension force Tρ
T
ρ
=E
PεP(1−ρm,p,t)AP≈(1−ρm,p,t)·T0 (8),
where EP and εP are an elastic modulus and a strain of an uncorroded strand, and T0 is an initial tension force, respectively.
A fatigue crack generally appears at the corrosion pit location of strand under fatigue load, and the fatigue crack continuously grows until the strand fractures. If the strand fractures after N times of fatigue load, a residual effective cross-sectional area of the strand is Ap,eN, and a total area loss of the strand is (Ap−Ap,eN). A maximum stress of the strand under the nth time of fatigue load is denoted as σp,max,n, and therefore the residual effective cross-sectional area of the strand after fatigue fracture under the characteristic load is:
where fu is the ultimate tensile strength of strand.
It is assumed that an area of strand decreases linearly with the fatigue load. After n times of fatigue load, the residual cross-sectional area of strand Ap,en is:
where Nk-1 is a life value corresponding to the S-N curve of the strand under a stress amplitude after (k−1)th time of fatigue load.
At the time t, the tensile stress σp,0n; of the strand caused by the residual effective tension force Tρ
σp0n=Tρ
A decrease of the residual cross-sectional area of the strand and the degeneration of the elastic modulus of concrete in the compression zone lead to stress redistribution, and the height of the compression zone, the stress-strain relationships of strand and longitudinal tension bar change accordingly.
The elasticity of the strand σp1n caused by fatigue load is:
where kt is a stress concentration coefficient caused by pitting corrosion.
After n times of fatigue load, the plastic strain of concrete at the edge of compression zone is εcpn, and the height of the compression zone is xn. The plastic strain of the strand caused by ϵcpn can be obtained according to the plane section assumption and the deformation coordination condition between concrete and strand:
The stress of the strand σp2n caused by plastic deformation of the concrete in the compression zone is:
σp2n=Ep·εppn (14).
The stress of the strand σp,maxn can be expressed as:
σp,maxn=σp0n+σp1n+σp2n (15).
A failure criterion for the strand is as follows:
σp,maxn>fu (16).
In the invention, the reduction of the residual effective tension force of the corroded is considered. The area loss of the strand is used as a fatigue damage parameter, and the stress concentration effect caused by non-uniform pitting corrosion of the strand is considered. The total stress of the strand includes three items, and each item is a dynamic process varying with time and load.
Step 3 includes the following.
The peak stress of the longitudinal tension bar σs,maxn under fatigue load has three items: a compressive stress αs0n of the longitudinal tension bar caused by the residual effective tension force of the strand Tρ
Because the action of the effective tension force of the strand (that is, M0n1) has been considered during the calculation of the elastic strain of concrete, σs0n is denoted as 0 to avoid repetition.
The elastic stress σs1n of the longitudinal tension bar caused by fatigue load is:
The plastic strain of the longitudinal tension bar caused by εcpn, can be obtained according to the plane section assumption and the deformation coordination condition between concrete and steel bars.
The stress σs2n of the longitudinal tension bar caused by plastic deformation of the concrete in the compression zone is:
σs2n=ES·εspn (19).
The stress σs,maxn of the longitudinal tension bar is as follows:
σs,maxn=−σs0n+σs1n+σs2n (20).
A failure criterion for the longitudinal tension bar is as follows:
σs,maxn≥fy (21).
where fy is the yield strength of longitudinal tension bar.
In the invention, because a structural failure may start from the fracture of longitudinal tension bar, the stress of the longitudinal tension bar is divided into three sections. Similarly, each section changes dynamically.
Step 4 includes the following.
A process of calculating the fatigue life of prestressed concrete bridge is as follows. First, for given n, the stress calculation formulas (5), (15) and (20) of the concrete, the strand, and the longitudinal tension bar are substituted into an equilibrium equation (an internal force equilibrium equation and a moment equilibrium equation) to obtain corresponding stress values; and then it is determined whether the structure encounters a fatigue failure based on the failure criteria of materials in the formulas (6), (16) and (21); if the structure does not fail, increasing n and repeating the above steps, and so on, to perform cyclic iterative calculation until a material fails. Current fatigue cycles n is the fatigue life of the structure.
Accordingly, the invention further provides a system for predicting the corrosion fatigue life of prestressed concrete bridges, including:
a calculating unit configured to: calculate a continuously degenerating elastic strain εcen, and irrecoverable plastic strain εcpn at the edge of concrete in the compression zone under fatigue load and a degenerated elastic modulus of concrete;
a predicting unit configured to: predict a corrosion level of a strand to obtain a residual tension force of structure, and calculate continuously-increasing strand stress σp,maxn and longitudinal tension bar stress σs,maxn in a tensile region under a coupled action of corrosion and fatigue using the elastic strain εcen, the irrecoverable plastic strain εcpn, and the degenerated elastic modulus of the concrete and using a cross-section loss of a corroded strand as a fatigue damage parameter; and
an evaluating unit configured to: perform real time stress-strain calculation on the concrete, the longitudinal tension bar, and the strand in response to an increased number of fatigue load cycles, and determine a failure mode of the structure based on a stress-strain growth relationship model and the failure criteria of concrete, a longitudinal tension bar, and a strand, to evaluate a fatigue life of the structure, where the evaluating unit specifically implements the following operations:
a): under typical fatigue load, when n=1, calculating the irrecoverable plastic strain εcpn of the concrete, a total stress value σp,maxn of the strand, and a total stress value σs,maxn of the longitudinal tension bar, where n is the number of fatigue cycles;
b): determining whether a beam encounters a fatigue failure according to the fatigue failure criteria for the component materials in the following formulas, where the failure criterion for the concrete in the compression zone is εcpn≥0.4εc0, and εc0 is an ultimate compressive strain of the concrete under static load; the failure criterion for the stand is σp,maxn>fu, and fu is the ultimate tensile strength of a strand; and the failure criterion for the longitudinal tension bar is σs,maxn≥fy, and fy is the yield strength of the longitudinal tension bar; and
c): if the beam does not fail, increasing n, and repeating steps a) and b) until a material fails, where the current fatigue cycles n is the fatigue life of the structure.
A load effect of a key cross-section is obtained based on the vehicle load information, and the stresses of the strand, the longitudinal tension bar and the concrete under the coupled effect of corrosion and actual load are cyclically calculated. The corrosion fatigue life of the structure is assessed based on the failure criteria of materials.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows. For a prestressed concrete bridge structure with insufficient grouting, the peak stress of the strand and the longitudinal tension bar are respectively divided into three sections considering the factors such as corrosion of the strand, stress concentration, degeneration of elastic modulus of the concrete, a residual strain, etc. and stress growth models of the strand and the longitudinal tension bar are proposed; and a vehicle load is incorporated, so that a set of methods for analyzing the fatigue life of the prestressed concrete bridge subjected to corrosive environment and vehicle load are formed. The method is proper, high adaptable, and closer to actual damage evolution of a bridge, and can be used to provide effective support for the fatigue life assessment of an in-service prestressed concrete bridge.
(1). An elastic strain of concrete in compression zone under fatigue load is determined. First, the elastic strain εcen of a top of the concrete compression zone is calculated as:
where Ecn-1 and M0n-1 are elastic modulus of concrete and the bending moment effect caused by an effective tension force of the strand after (n−1) times of fatigue load, respectively, and Mpn, xn and Icrn are the cross-section bending moment, the height of the compression zone, and the inertia moment of the cracked cross-section caused by vehicle load after n times of fatigue cycles, respectively. For xm refer to the method for calculating the height of the compression zone in partially prestressed concrete-bending member.
The inertia moment of the cracked cross-section can be expressed as:
I
cr
n=⅓byn3+αEPnAp,en(hp−yn)2+αESnAs,en(hs−yn)2+αESnAs,en(yn−as′)2 (2),
where b is a width of the cross-section, yn is a distance between the neutral axis of the cracked cross-section and an edge of the concrete compression zone after n times of fatigue load, hs, hp, and as′ are distances from the center of longitudinal tension bar, the center of strand, and the center of compression steel bars to the edge of the compression zone of concrete respectively, (if longitudinal tension bar and strand have the same cross-section loss, hs, hp, and as′ are constant values in the fatigue period); αEPn, and αESn are the ratio of an elastic modulus of the strand to the elastic modulus of the concrete Ecn-1, and the ratio of an elastic modulus of the longitudinal tension bar to the elastic modulus of the concrete Ecn-1 after n times of fatigue load, respectively; Ap,en, As,en, and As,en are the effective residual cross-sectional areas of strands, tension longitudinal bars, and the steel bars in the compression zone, respectively.
A stress correlation coefficient αr,n of the concrete in the compression zone after n times of fatigue load is calculated as follows:
where σc,max,nf and σc,min,nf are maximum and minimum elastic stress of the edge of the compression zone after n times of fatigue load, respectively, σc,max,nf=Ecn-1εce,maxn and σc,min,nf−Ecn-1εce,minn.
An irrecoverable plastic strain εc, of the edge of the concrete compression zone is:
where fc0 is an initial compressive strength of concrete; Ec0 is an initial elastic modulus of concrete; ni is the number of the ith fatigue load (n is related to a vehicle load and is a function of t).
Then, the elastic modulus of the concrete after n times of fatigue load is obtained as follows:
where Ecn is the elastic modulus of the concrete after n times of fatigue load; correction coefficient β is a statistical result (for C20-050, β=0.61, and for C60-C70, β=0.875).
When the irrecoverable plastic strain of the concrete meets the following formula, it is determined that the concrete collapses and the structure cannot bear a load any more:
εcpn≥0.4εc0n (6),
where εc0 is an ultimate compressive strain of the concrete under static load.
(2). A residual effective tension force after strand corrosion is determined.
The strand forms a weak corrosion current under a corrosive environment. A corrosion rate of the strand is represented using a corrosion current as:
where icor is a corrosion current density; L is a corrosion length; R is a corrosion variation coefficient for different types of steel bars in the structure. For the strand, R=1.
An area loss of the strand leads to a decrease of a prestress. A residual effective prestressed value Tρm,t at the time t is:
T
ρ
=E
PεP(1−ρm,p,t)AP≈(1−ρm,p,t)·T0 (8),
where EP and εP are an elastic modulus and a strain of an uncorroded strand, and T0 is an initial tension force, respectively.
(3). A residual effective area of the strand under fatigue load is determined.
A fatigue crack generally appears at the corrosion pit location of strand under fatigue load, and the fatigue crack continuously grows until the strand fractures. If the strand fractures after N times of fatigue load, a residual effective cross-sectional area of the strand is Ap,eN, a total loss area of the strand is (Ap−Ap,eN). A maximum stress of the strand under the nth time of load is denoted as σp,min,n, and therefore the residual effective cross-sectional area of the strand after fatigue fracture under the characteristic load is:
where fu is the ultimate tensile strength of strand.
It is assumed that an area of the strand decreases linearly with the fatigue load. After n times of fatigue load, the residual cross-sectional area Ap,en of the strand is:
where Nk-1 is a life value corresponding to the S-N curve of the strand under a stress amplitude after (k−1)th time of fatigue load.
(4) Three items of the peak stress value of the strand are determined.
The peak stress value of the strand includes three items: a tensile stress σp0n caused by the residual effective tension force Tρm,t at the time t, an elastic stress σp1n caused by fatigue load and pitting corrosion-induced stress concentration, and a stress σp2n caused by plastic deformation of the concrete in the compression zone.
At the time t, the tensile stress σp,0n of the strand caused by the residual effective tension force Tρ
σp0n=Tρ
A decrease of the residual effective area of the strand and the degeneration of the elastic modulus of concrete in the compression zone lead to stress redistribution, and the height of the compression zone, the stress-strain relationships between strand and longitudinal tension bar change accordingly.
The elasticity of the strand σp1n caused by fatigue load is:
where kt is a stress concentration coefficient caused by pitting corrosion.
After n times of fatigue load, the plastic strain of concrete at the edge of the compression zone εcpn, and the height of the compression zone is xn. The plastic strain of the strand caused by ϵcpn can can be obtained according to the plane section assumption and the deformation coordination condition between concrete and strand:
The stress σp2n, of the strand caused by plastic deformation of the concrete in the compression zone is:
σp2n=Ep·εppn (14).
The stress of the strand σp,maxn can be expressed as:
σp,maxn=σp0n+σp1n+σp2n (15).
A failure criterion for the strand is as follows:
σp,maxn>fu (16).
(5). Three peak stress values of a longitudinal tension bar are determined.
The peak stress value of the longitudinal tension bar includes three items: a compressive stress σs,0 of the longitudinal tension bar caused by the residual effective tension force of the strand Tρ
Because the action of the effective tension force of the strand (that is, M0n1) has been considered during the calculation of the elastic strain of concrete, σs0n is denoted as 0 to avoid repetition.
The elastic stress σs1n of the longitudinal tension bar caused by fatigue load is:
The plastic strain of the longitudinal tension bar caused by εcpn, can be obtained according to the plane section assumption and the deformation coordination condition between concrete and steel bars.
The stress σs2n of the longitudinal tension bar caused by plastic deformation of the concrete in the compression zone is:
σs2n=ES·εspn (19).
The stress σs,maxn of the longitudinal tension bar is as follows:
σs,maxn=−σs0n+σs1n+σs2n (20).
A failure criterion for the longitudinal tension bar is as follows:
σs,maxn≥fy (21).
where fy is the yield strength of longitudinal tension bar.
(6). A failure mode of a structure is determined to predict a fatigue life.
A process of calculating the fatigue life of prestressed concrete bridge is as follows. First, for given n, the stress calculation formulas (5), (15) and (20) of the concrete, the strand, and the longitudinal tension bar are substituted into an equilibrium equation (an internal force equilibrium equation and a moment equilibrium equation) to obtain corresponding stress values; and then it is determined whether the structure encounters a fatigue failure based on the failure determining criteria of materials in the formulas (6), (16) and (21); if the structure does not fail, increasing n and repeating the above steps, and so on, to perform cyclic iterative calculation until one of the three types of materials fails. In this case, the structure fails. Current fatigue cyclic n is the fatigue the structure can bear, and a time t corresponding to n is the fatigue life of the structure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201810977815.3 | Aug 2018 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2019/096061 | 7/16/2019 | WO | 00 |
