Patent Application
20230133072
This technology generally relates to methods and systems for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate assessments for making business decisions.
For a large financial institution, many business decisions, such as decisions regarding whether to extend credit to applicants, are made by many different groups on a daily basis. Such decisions are based in part on news information that is continuously generated by a large number of global news sources. However, the volume of news is so great that it is also important to make determinations regarding relevancy, accuracy, and timeliness in the course of distributing the news information.
Accordingly, there is a need for systems and methods that are designed to identify, organize, categorize, prioritize, and summarize relevant news articles from hundreds of global news sources and to distribute the news to appropriate recipients, in order to optimize the quality of risk assessment for purposes of supporting business decisions, such as determining whether to extend credit to particular applicants.
The present disclosure, through one or more of its various aspects, embodiments, and/or specific features or sub-components, provides, inter alia, various systems, servers, devices, methods, media, programs, and platforms for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate assessments for making business decisions.
According to an exemplary embodiment, a method for assessing relevance with respect to an entity is provided. The method includes: receiving, by the at least one processor from at least one source from among a plurality of sources, a news article that relates to the entity; assigning, by the at least one processor, the received news article to a category from among a predetermined list of categories; generating, by the at least one processor, structured information that corresponds to a result of analyzing a content of the received news article; and transmitting, by the at least one processor to a destination, information that corresponds to the received news article such that a user interface associated with the destination is caused to display the transmitted information.
The user interface may be caused to display a first clickable icon that corresponds to a user-selectable date range for the news article.
The user interface may be caused to display a second clickable icon that corresponds to a user selectability for displaying a full-text entirety of the news article.
The user interface may be caused to display a third clickable icon that corresponds to a user selectablity for accessing at least one additional news article that relates to the entity.
The user interface may be caused to display a list of clickable news categories that corresponds to a user selectability for accessing at least one additional news article that corresponds to a selected news category.
The plurality of sources may include at least one from among Dow Jones, Lexis Nexis, Bloomberg, Twitter, JPMorgan Markets, and Refinitiv.
The predetermined list of categories may include at least one from among first category that corresponds to an analyst commentary, a second category that corresponds to debt financing, a third category that corresponds to bankruptcy and financial distress, a fourth category that corresponds to dividends and buybacks, and a fifth category that corresponds to credit ratings.
The generating of the structured information may include applying a first algorithm that uses a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique to perform the analyzing of the content of the received news article.
The applying of the first algorithm may include obtaining a result that includes at least one from among a first set of identifiers that corresponds to names of entities referred to in the news article; a respective role that is assigned to each identifier that corresponds to one from among a focal role within the news article, a material role within the news article, and an incidental role within the news article; and a respective sentiment that is assigned to each identifier that corresponds to one from among a degree of positivity, a degree of negativity, and a degree of neutrality.
According to another exemplary embodiment, a computing apparatus for facilitating an assessment with respect to an entity is provided. The computing apparatus includes a processor; a memory; and a communication interface coupled to each of the processor and the memory. The processor is configured to: receive, via the communication interface from at least one source from among a plurality of sources, a news article that relates to the entity; assign the received news article to a category from among a predetermined list of categories; generate textual information that corresponds to a result of analyzing a content of the received news article; and transmit, via the communication interface to a destination, information that corresponds to the received news article such that a user interface associated with the destination is caused to display the transmitted information.
The processor may be further configured to cause the user interface to display a first clickable icon that corresponds to a user-selectable date range for the news article.
The processor may be further configured to cause the user interface to display a second clickable icon that corresponds to a user selectability for displaying a full-text entirety of the news article.
The processor may be further configured to cause the user interface to display a third clickable icon that corresponds to a user selectablity for accessing at least one additional news article that relates to the entity.
The processor may be further configured to cause the user interface to display a list of clickable news categories that corresponds to a user selectability for accessing at least one additional news article that corresponds to a selected news category.
The plurality of sources may include at least one from among Dow Jones, Lexis Nexis, Bloomberg, Twitter, JPMorgan Markets, and Refinitiv.
The predetermined list of categories may include at least one from among first category that corresponds to an analyst commentary, a second category that corresponds to debt financing, a third category that corresponds to bankruptcy and financial distress, a fourth category that corresponds to dividends and buybacks, and a fifth category that corresponds to credit ratings.
The processor may be further configured to generate the structured information by applying a first algorithm that uses a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique to perform the analyzing of the content of the received news article.
The processor may be further configured to obtain a result of the applying of the first algorithm that includes at least one from among a first set of identifiers that corresponds to names of entities referred to in the news article; a respective role that is assigned to each identifier that corresponds to one from among a focal role within the news article, a material role within the news article, and an incidental role within the news article; and a respective sentiment that is assigned to each identifier that corresponds to one from among a degree of positivity, a degree of negativity, and a degree of neutrality.
According to yet another exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions for facilitating a credit risk assessment with respect to an entity is provided. The storage medium includes executable code which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: receive, from at least one source from among a plurality of sources, a news article that relates to the entity; assign the received news article to a category from among a predetermined list of categories; generate textual information that corresponds to a result of analyzing a content of the received news article; and transmit, to a destination, information that corresponds to the received news article such that a user interface associated with the destination is caused to display the transmitted information.
The executable code may be further configured to cause the processor to generate the textual information by applying a first algorithm that uses a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique to perform the analyzing of the content of the received news article.
The present disclosure is further described in the detailed description which follows, in reference to the noted plurality of drawings, by way of non-limiting examples of preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, in which like characters represent like elements throughout the several views of the drawings.
Through one or more of its various aspects, embodiments and/or specific features or sub-components of the present disclosure, are intended to bring out one or more of the advantages as specifically described above and noted below.
The examples may also be embodied as one or more non-transitory computer readable media having instructions stored thereon for one or more aspects of the present technology as described and illustrated by way of the examples herein. The instructions in some examples include executable code that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to carry out steps necessary to implement the methods of the examples of this technology that are described and illustrated herein.
The computer system 102 may include a set of instructions that can be executed to cause the computer system 102 to perform any one or more of the methods or computer based functions disclosed herein, either alone or in combination with the other described devices. The computer system 102 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected to other systems or peripheral devices. For example, the computer system 102 may include, or be included within, any one or more computers, servers, systems, communication networks or cloud environment. Even further, the instructions may be operative in such cloud-based computing environment.
In a networked deployment, the computer system 102 may operate in the capacity of a server or as a client user computer in a server-client user network environment, a client user computer in a cloud computing environment, or as a peer computer system in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The computer system 102, or portions thereof, may be implemented as, or incorporated into, various devices, such as a personal computer, a tablet computer, a set-top box, a personal digital assistant, a mobile device, a palmtop computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a communications device, a wireless smart phone, a personal trusted device, a wearable device, a global positioning satellite (GPS) device, a web appliance, or any other machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while a single computer system 102 is illustrated, additional embodiments may include any collection of systems or sub-systems that individually or jointly execute instructions or perform functions. The term “system” shall be taken throughout the present disclosure to include any collection of systems or sub-systems that individually or jointly execute a set, or multiple sets, of instructions to perform one or more computer functions.
As illustrated in
The computer system 102 may also include a computer memory 106. The computer memory 106 may include a static memory, a dynamic memory, or both in communication. Memories described herein are tangible storage mediums that can store data and executable instructions, and are non-transitory during the time instructions are stored therein. Again, as used herein, the term “non-transitory” is to be interpreted not as an eternal characteristic of a state, but as a characteristic of a state that will last for a period of time. The term “non-transitory” specifically disavows fleeting characteristics such as characteristics of a particular carrier wave or signal or other forms that exist only transitorily in any place at any time. The memories are an article of manufacture and/or machine component. Memories described herein are computer-readable mediums from which data and executable instructions can be read by a computer. Memories as described herein may be random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, a hard disk, a cache, a removable disk, tape, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, blu-ray disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Memories may be volatile or non-volatile, secure and/or encrypted, unsecure and/or unencrypted. Of course, the computer memory 106 may comprise any combination of memories or a single storage.
The computer system 102 may further include a display 108, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a flat panel display, a solid state display, a cathode ray tube (CRT), a plasma display, or any other type of display, examples of which are well known to skilled persons.
The computer system 102 may also include at least one input device 110, such as a keyboard, a touch-sensitive input screen or pad, a speech input, a mouse, a remote control device having a wireless keypad, a microphone coupled to a speech recognition engine, a camera such as a video camera or still camera, a cursor control device, a global positioning system (GPS) device, an altimeter, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, or any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art appreciate that various embodiments of the computer system 102 may include multiple input devices 110. Moreover, those skilled in the art further appreciate that the above-listed, exemplary input devices 110 are not meant to be exhaustive and that the computer system 102 may include any additional, or alternative, input devices 110.
The computer system 102 may also include a medium reader 112 which is configured to read any one or more sets of instructions, e.g. software, from any of the memories described herein. The instructions, when executed by a processor, can be used to perform one or more of the methods and processes as described herein. In a particular embodiment, the instructions may reside completely, or at least partially, within the memory 106, the medium reader 112, and/or the processor 110 during execution by the computer system 102.
Furthermore, the computer system 102 may include any additional devices, components, parts, peripherals, hardware, software or any combination thereof which are commonly known and understood as being included with or within a computer system, such as, but not limited to, a network interface 114 and an output device 116. The output device 116 may be, but is not limited to, a speaker, an audio out, a video out, a remote control output, a printer, or any combination thereof.
Each of the components of the computer system 102 may be interconnected and communicate via a bus 118 or other communication link. As shown in
The computer system 102 may be in communication with one or more additional computer devices 120 via a network 122. The network 122 may be, but is not limited to, a local area network, a wide area network, the Internet, a telephony network, a short-range network, or any other network commonly known and understood in the art. The short-range network may include, for example, Bluetooth, Zigbee, infrared, near field communication, ultraband, or any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art appreciate that additional networks 122 which are known and understood may additionally or alternatively be used and that the exemplary networks 122 are not limiting or exhaustive. Also, while the network 122 is shown in
The additional computer device 120 is shown in
Of course, those skilled in the art appreciate that the above-listed components of the computer system 102 are merely meant to be exemplary and are not intended to be exhaustive and/or inclusive. Furthermore, the examples of the components listed above are also meant to be exemplary and similarly are not meant to be exhaustive and/or inclusive.
In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, the methods described herein may be implemented using a hardware computer system that executes software programs. Further, in an exemplary, non-limited embodiment, implementations can include distributed processing, component/object distributed processing, and parallel processing. Virtual computer system processing can be constructed to implement one or more of the methods or functionality as described herein, and a processor described herein may be used to support a virtual processing environment.
As described herein, various embodiments provide optimized methods and systems for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate an assessment for making a business decision, such as, for example, a credit risk assessment for determining whether to extend credit to an applicant.
Referring to
The method for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate an assessment for making a business decision may be implemented by a News and Data Analytics for Business Decision Assessment (NDABDA) device 202. The NDABDA device 202 may be the same or similar to the computer system 102 as described with respect to
Even further, the application(s) may be operative in a cloud-based computing environment. The application(s) may be executed within or as virtual machine(s) or virtual server(s) that may be managed in a cloud-based computing environment. Also, the application(s), and even the NDABDA device 202 itself, may be located in virtual server(s) running in a cloud-based computing environment rather than being tied to one or more specific physical network computing devices. Also, the application(s) may be running in one or more virtual machines (VMs) executing on the NDABDA device 202. Additionally, in one or more embodiments of this technology, virtual machine(s) running on the NDABDA device 202 may be managed or supervised by a hypervisor.
In the network environment 200 of
The communication network(s) 210 may be the same or similar to the network 122 as described with respect to
By way of example only, the communication network(s) 210 may include local area network(s) (LAN(s)) or wide area network(s) (WAN(s)), and can use TCP/IP over Ethernet and industry-standard protocols, although other types and/or numbers of protocols and/or communication networks may be used. The communication network(s) 210 in this example may employ any suitable interface mechanisms and network communication technologies including, for example, teletraffic in any suitable form (e.g., voice, modem, and the like), Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTNs), Ethernet-based Packet Data Networks (PDNs), combinations thereof, and the like.
The NDABDA device 202 may be a standalone device or integrated with one or more other devices or apparatuses, such as one or more of the server devices 204(1)-204(n), for example. In one particular example, the NDABDA device 202 may include or be hosted by one of the server devices 204(1)-204(n), and other arrangements are also possible. Moreover, one or more of the devices of the NDABDA device 202 may be in a same or a different communication network including one or more public, private, or cloud networks, for example.
The plurality of server devices 204(1)-204(n) may be the same or similar to the computer system 102 or the computer device 120 as described with respect to
The server devices 204(1)-204(n) may be hardware or software or may represent a system with multiple servers in a pool, which may include internal or external networks. The server devices 204(1)-204(n) hosts the databases 206(1)-206(n) that are configured to store raw news data, entity-specific data, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) model information that is usable for identifying, organizing, categorizing, prioritizing, and summarizing credit-relevant news articles.
Although the server devices 204(1)-204(n) are illustrated as single devices, one or more actions of each of the server devices 204(1)-204(n) may be distributed across one or more distinct network computing devices that together comprise one or more of the server devices 204(1)-204(n). Moreover, the server devices 204(1)-204(n) are not limited to a particular configuration. Thus, the server devices 204(1)-204(n) may contain a plurality of network computing devices that operate using a master/slave approach, whereby one of the network computing devices of the server devices 204(1)-204(n) operates to manage and/or otherwise coordinate operations of the other network computing devices.
The server devices 204(1)-204(n) may operate as a plurality of network computing devices within a cluster architecture, a peer-to peer architecture, virtual machines, or within a cloud architecture, for example. Thus, the technology disclosed herein is not to be construed as being limited to a single environment and other configurations and architectures are also envisaged.
The plurality of client devices 208(1)-208(n) may also be the same or similar to the computer system 102 or the computer device 120 as described with respect to
The client devices 208(1)-208(n) may run interface applications, such as standard web browsers or standalone client applications, which may provide an interface to communicate with the NDABDA device 202 via the communication network(s) 210 in order to communicate user requests and information. The client devices 208(1)-208(n) may further include, among other features, a display device, such as a display screen or touchscreen, and/or an input device, such as a keyboard, for example.
Although the exemplary network environment 200 with the NDABDA device 202, the server devices 204(1)-204(n), the client devices 208(1)-208(n), and the communication network(s) 210 are described and illustrated herein, other types and/or numbers of systems, devices, components, and/or elements in other topologies may be used. It is to be understood that the systems of the examples described herein are for exemplary purposes, as many variations of the specific hardware and software used to implement the examples are possible, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art(s).
One or more of the devices depicted in the network environment 200, such as the NDABDA device 202, the server devices 204(1)-204(n), or the client devices 208(1)-208(n), for example, may be configured to operate as virtual instances on the same physical machine. In other words, one or more of the NDABDA device 202, the server devices 204(1)-204(n), or the client devices 208(1)-208(n) may operate on the same physical device rather than as separate devices communicating through communication network(s) 210. Additionally, there may be more or fewer NDABDA devices 202, server devices 204(1)-204(n), or client devices 208(1)-208(n) than illustrated in
In addition, two or more computing systems or devices may be substituted for any one of the systems or devices in any example. Accordingly, principles and advantages of distributed processing, such as redundancy and replication also may be implemented, as desired, to increase the robustness and performance of the devices and systems of the examples. The examples may also be implemented on computer system(s) that extend across any suitable network using any suitable interface mechanisms and traffic technologies, including by way of example only teletraffic in any suitable form (e.g., voice and modem), wireless traffic networks, cellular traffic networks, Packet Data Networks (PDNs), the Internet, intranets, and combinations thereof.
The NDABDA device 202 is described and shown in
An exemplary process 300 for implementing a method for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate an assessment for making a business decision by utilizing the network environment of
Further, NDABDA device 202 is illustrated as being able to access a raw news data repository 206(1) and an entity-specific information database 206(2). The voice signal and audio stream processing module 302 may be configured to access these databases for implementing a method for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate an assessment for making a business decision.
The first client device 208(1) may be, for example, a smart phone. Of course, the first client device 208(1) may be any additional device described herein. The second client device 208(2) may be, for example, a personal computer (PC). Of course, the second client device 208(2) may also be any additional device described herein.
The process may be executed via the communication network(s) 210, which may comprise plural networks as described above. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, either or both of the first client device 208(1) and the second client device 208(2) may communicate with the NDABDA device 202 via broadband or cellular communication. Of course, these embodiments are merely exemplary and are not limiting or exhaustive.
Upon being started, the news and data analytics processing module 302 executes a process for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate an assessment for making a business decision. An exemplary process for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate an assessment for making a business decision is generally indicated at flowchart 400 in
In the process 400 of
Referring to
At step S404, the news and data analytics processing module 302 receives a news article. In an exemplary embodiment, news articles are received from a plurality of sources that may include commercial aggregators, publishers, social media networks and/or internal sources, such as, for example, any one or more of Dow Jones, Lexis Nexis, Bloomberg, Refinitiv, Twitter, JPMorgan Markets, and/or any other suitable news source. In an exemplary embodiment, the received news article may be formatted into a standardized/conforming representation format for news and metadata, in order to provide a degree of independence from other entities.
At step S406, the news and data analytics processing module 302 assigns the received news article to a category from among a predetermined list of categories. In an exemplary embodiment, the list of categories includes any one or more of an analyst commentary category, a debt financing category, a bankruptcy and financial distress category, a dividends and buyback category, a credit ratings category, and/or any other suitable category. In an exemplary embodiment, a particular news article may be assigned to more than one category, i.e., two categories, three categories, or any number of categories to which the article is determined as belonging thereto.
At step S408, the news and data analytics processing module 302 analyzes the content and the functionality of the received news article. In an exemplary embodiment, the analysis is implemented by applying an algorithm that uses a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique to perform the analyzing. Alternatively, a pluggable analytic model that is provided by a specific group to support a specific use case may be used for the analysis.
A second question to be answered relates to determining, for each respective company, organization, or entity, a corresponding role that indicates how the company, organization, or entity relates to the news article. In an exemplary embodiment, the role may be classified as being either a focal role, a material role, or an incidental role. In this aspect, if a particular company is the main subject of a news article, then the particular company may be deemed as having a focal role in the news article; and if a particular organization is not the main subject but is still significant with respect to the news article, then the particular organization may be deemed as having a material role in the news article. By contrast, if a particular entity is mentioned but does not have any special significance to the news article, then it may be deemed as having an incidental role.
A third question to be answered relates to sentiment, i.e., how the author of the news article wants a reader to feel about each company, organization, or entity mentioned in the article. In an exemplary embodiment, the sentiment may be expressed as a degree of positivity (i.e., “very positive,” “positive,” or “slightly positive”), a degree of negativity (i.e., “very negative,” “negative,” or “slightly negative”), or a degree of neutrality (i.e., “neutral”).
A fourth question to be answered relates to which other stories and/or news articles provide similar coverage as the particular news article being analyzed, i.e., a duplication analytic. In an exemplary embodiment, an event cluster may be generated by assigning a cluster identification number that is formatted so as to group similar stories across different sources, i.e., a related cluster analytic.
At step S410, the news and data analytics processing module 302 generates a summary of the news article and/or feedback that relates to the article based on a result of the analysis performed in step S408. In an exemplary embodiment, the summary may include one or two sentences or a short paragraph that provides a brief explanation about the content of the news article. The feedback may provide a comment or a characterization of the news article, such as whether the article is about a client or whether the content of the article has any relevance with respect to a particular reader.
Then, at step S412, the news and data analytics processing module 302 transmits information about the news article to be displayed on the user interface provided in step S402.
In an exemplary embodiment, as a result of executing the process 400, real time market intelligence is deliverable to a large number of wholesale credit officers through personalized email digests, a web application, and/or an integrated dashboard user interface. In an exemplary embodiment, the process 400 leverages the algorithms that are based on NLP models to identify, organize, categorize, prioritize, and summarize credit relevant news articles from over 1,100 global news sources. In addition, the results provided to the recipients provide an ability for downstream analytics to leverage these results for other purposes that may be especially useful to their organizations. Further, there is an ability to scale the analytics for any particular individual recipient either upward or downward in order to satisfy a demand.
Accordingly, with this technology, an optimized process for distributing news, data, and data analytics to various recipients in order to facilitate an assessment for making a business decision is provided.
Although the invention has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the words that have been used are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made within the purview of the appended claims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure in its aspects. Although the invention has been described with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed; rather the invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods, and uses such as are within the scope of the appended claims.
For example, while the computer-readable medium may be described as a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” includes a single medium or multiple media, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein.
The computer-readable medium may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium or media and/or comprise a transitory computer-readable medium or media. In a particular non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable medium can include a solid-state memory such as a memory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatile read-only memories. Further, the computer-readable medium can be a random access memory or other volatile re-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readable medium can include a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a disk or tapes or other storage device to capture carrier wave signals such as a signal communicated over a transmission medium. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any computer-readable medium or other equivalents and successor media, in which data or instructions may be stored.
Although the present application describes specific embodiments which may be implemented as computer programs or code segments in computer-readable media, it is to be understood that dedicated hardware implementations, such as application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices, can be constructed to implement one or more of the embodiments described herein. Applications that may include the various embodiments set forth herein may broadly include a variety of electronic and computer systems. Accordingly, the present application may encompass software, firmware, and hardware implementations, or combinations thereof. Nothing in the present application should be interpreted as being implemented or implementable solely with software and not hardware.
Although the present specification describes components and functions that may be implemented in particular embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the disclosure is not limited to such standards and protocols. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentially the same functions. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same or similar functions are considered equivalents thereof.
The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, the illustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized. Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the description.
The Abstract of the Disclosure is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together or described in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed to less than all of the features of any of the disclosed embodiments. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as defining separately claimed subject matter.
The above disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present disclosure is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.
