Patent Application
20110163614
The invention relates to the field of power transmission, and more particularly to a method and system for rearranging sound conductors in parallel lines in power transmission, to form a reconstructed line for resuming power transmission of one line in the parallel lines.
For parallel lines, cross-line fault often happens. Generally, both lines have to be tripped if a cross-line permanent fault happens. Subsequently, the connection and power transmission are interrupted. This will have a significant impact on grid stability because parallel lines generally connect two important sub-grids or zones. Nowadays, grid is more and more complex and grid stability is crucial to utilities. It is desirable for utilities to resume grid connection and power transmission as soon as possible after a fault trip. Therefore, quick resume time and high adaptive solution are highly focused and appreciated by utilities.
A solution which is so-called ‘like 3-phase operation’ has been proposed for years. In this solution, if a permanent cross-line fault occurs, 3-phase operation can be resumed as long as there are 3 sound phases including a phase A, a phase B, and a phase C. Zhang Baohui et al. provide such a ‘like 3-phase operation’ in their thesis “Study on a New Type of Auto-Reclosing” on 9th The Chinese Conference on Power System Protection, October, 2003. However, if the number of the sound phases is less than 3, this solution is invalid. For example, for a fault IA (phase A of a line I)-IIA (phase A of a line II), there are only 2 sound phases, i.e. phase B and phase C, the ‘like 3-phase operation’ solution can not be used, although there are actually 4 sound conductors left, i.e. IB (phase B of the line I), IC (phase C of the line I), IIB (phase B of the line II) and BC (phase C of the line II).
Nowadays, though the proportion of parallel lines is very small compared with the entire transmission line, the proportion will be increased rapidly in the future due to a shortage of transmission line corridor. So, the protection of parallel lines will become more and more important for the utilities in the future.
The invention is to provide a re-arranged one line operation solution of parallel lines, i.e. a method and a system for rearranging sound conductors included in parallel lines in power transmission, so as to resume power transmission in one line of the parallel lines by using a reconstructed line.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a method for rearranging sound conductors included in parallel lines in power transmission is provided. The parallel lines comprise at least a first line and a second line each of which includes N conductors, N is an integer number greater than or equal to 3. The method may include: selecting any N sound conductors which are not included in one line, among the 2N conductors comprised in the two lines; and connecting each of one or more unselected conductors included in the first line to a corresponding one of one or more selected sound conductors included in the second line while keeping the second line tripped, so that a reconstructed line is formed by using the N selected sound conductors to resume power transmission of the first line.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a system for rearranging sound conductors included in parallel lines in power transmission is provided. The parallel lines comprise at least a first line and a second line each of which includes N conductors, N is an integer number greater than or equal to 3. The system may include: a first outgoing switch, arranged on the first line, each pole of the first outgoing switch corresponds to a conductor of the first line; a second outgoing switch, arranged on the second line, each pole of the second outgoing switch corresponds to a conductor of the second line; a first link switch, arranged between the first outgoing switch and a breaker/current transformer of the first line; and a second link switch, arranged between the second outgoing switch and a breaker/current transformer of the second line. Each of poles of the first line switch corresponds to a conductor of the first line, and each of poles of the second line switch corresponds to a conductor of the second line, each of the poles of the first line switch corresponds to a corresponding one of the poles of the second line switch.
According to the statistic data from Japan, more than 3 conductors are sound under more than 40% of cross line faults. If three conductors can be selected from sound conductors of the parallel lines to re-arrange a sound 3 phase line, more than half of power transmission capability can be resumed, which will be highly beneficial for system stability.
An embodiment of the invention brings forward a method for rearranging sound conductors included in parallel lines in power transmission, to form a reconstructed line so as to resume power transmission of one line in the parallel lines, for example, in the case of a permanent cross-line fault. In the embodiment, the parallel lines are supposed to comprise two lines.
Though the parallel line is shown to include two lines in the above embodiment, a person skilled in the art shall appreciate that the invention should not be limited to this. In another embodiment of the invention, the parallel lines may include more than two lines, to which case, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the invention may also be applied.
In addition, though three conductors are shown to be included in one line, a person skilled in the art shall appreciate that the invention should not be limited to this. In fact, N conductors (N is an integer number, N≧3) may be included in one line in the case that there are more than three phases.
In an embodiment, an outgoing switch may be arranged on each of the two lines, to control the line to be opened or not. A link switch may be arranged between the outgoing switch and a breaker/current transformer of each of the two lines, to achieve the connection between the two lines as shown in
Taking as an example, a Post-Fault solution to keep the one of two connection and power transmission capacity by re-arranging sound conductors to One Line Operation (Abbreviated as PFOLO) will be described below.
In the PFOLO, two link disconnectors (LDs) are included. Each of the LDs is arranged between an outgoing disconnector (OD) and a breaker or a current transformer (CT) if any. The two LDs share a common connecting point, and are utilized to pick out sound conductors and re-arrange the phase order to construct a sound line.
It should be noted that though disconnectors (e.g. LD1-LD2 and OD1-OD2) are shown to be included in the example, a person skilled in the art shall appreciate that the invention should not be thus limited, instead, other types of switches may be utilized.
In another embodiment, the switches, e.g. the disconnectors LD1-LD2 and OD1-OD2 in the above example, are single-pole. Furthermore, the switches may be remote controllable.
The LD and OD of each line may be controlled by a control device of the line. For example, the control device may be a control Intelligent Electronic Device (IED).
In an embodiment, a mechanical lock may be installed in order to prevent mal-operation. The mechanical lock may guarantee only one pole of LD can be closed at any time.
Hereinafter, the control IED is taken as an example of the control device of each line. Each line's control IED is required to know both its protection output and the other line's protection and control data firstly. After getting these data, a control IED can make a decision that whether PFOLO should start or not. The data and messages may be exchanged through the communication between the control IED and a protection IED of each line, as well as between two bays. Because the amount of data to be exchanged is little; there are many available communication solutions. The hardware wiring (I/O) is a general solution which is supported by most types of IEDs. Others communication solutions, which depend on the capacity of IED, are also available, such as serial/parallel communication and TCP/IP. In the example, IEC61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) communication is illustrated. In the example, the IED embodies the communication solution by IEC61850 GOOSE.
Table 1 lists the dataset member of GOOSE communication C1, in which each line's protection IED is a publisher and control IED is a subscriber.
Table 2 lists the dataset member of the GOOSE communication C2, in which when one line's control IED is a publisher, the other line's control IED is a subscriber. That is, each of the control IEDs is not only a publisher, but also a subscriber.
A startup and control logic is embedded in each control IEDs of the parallel lines. Here, a master and slave definition is introduced. Supposing the number of remaining sound conductors after a failure occurs is three, the line which has two sound conductors may be defined as a master line and its control IED is defined as a master control IED. Another line and its control IED are slave. If there are four sound conductors left, a preset parameter will decide which line and its control IED is master. A line's local and remote control IEDs should have a same setting. The master control IED will take charge of whole PFOLO process at each side. The main operation of control process is to open or close special phase's poles of an LD and OD.
It should be noted that though the line with more sound conductors is defined as the master line, a person skilled in the art shall appreciate that the other line having less sound conductors may also be defined as a master line as required.
The startup and control logic is executed by both of the control IEDs. If the number of the sound conductors is less than three, the logic is disabled and a PFOLO indicator is set to disable. If the received data by GOOSE shows the number of sound conductors is greater or equal to three after a fault trip, the startup and control logic start the PFOLO. After the PFOLO is started, the master control IED sends a startup command to the slave control IED. The slave control IED starts a local disconnector control process. At the same time, the master control IED also starts a local disconnectors control process. The main operation of the control processes is to open or close special phase's poles of an LD and OD. After these operations are finished, the master line's breaker is closed and the PFOLO is put into operation.
The startup and control logic is in operation in only a certain period for reliability. The trigger signal for the logic is the general protection startup signals of the two lines. An additional condition is that there is no further re-closing and no potential overload. Here, grid security is also taken into account in the startup logic by master control IED. In an embodiment, a mechanism is introduced to check whether the re-constructed line is overloaded if PFOLO is put into operation. If a line load before fault is below a settable percentage, for example, 55%-60%, of rating load, the logic will output TRUE. Otherwise, the logic will be blocked.
Then, the PFOLO is started by a series of automatic sequential disconnector close & open orders, in order to resume operation of one line of the parallel lines. Each of the control IEDs is adapted to execute all close or open commands related to its own OD and LD.
For simplicity, we suppose the number of sound conductors in the parallel lines is four, Phase A (1A) of line 1, i.e. L1, is a fault phase and phase B (2B) of line 2, i.e. L2, is a fault phase. For example, Line 1 is defined as the master line.
S602, the maser control IED sets a PFOLO indicator as startup, sends the indicator to the slave control IED, and waits the indicator return ready.
At the same time, the master control IED starts a local disconnector control to open the phase A pole of OD1, and close the phase A pole of LD1. Then, a local PFOLO indicator will be set as ready.
S604, when receiving a startup order, the slave control IED sets a local PFOLO indicator as ongoing and sends the indicator back to the master control IED.
S606, the slave control IED opens the phase A and phase B poles of OD2 while keeping the phase C pole of OD2 closed, and closes the phase C pole of LD2, sends a ready indicator to the master control IED. Here, the phase C sound conductor of L2 is selected among the phase A and phase C sound conductors of L2. Of course, the phase A sound conductor of L2 may also be chosen to reconstruct a sound line alternatively. If there are only three, instead of four, sound conductors in the two lines L1 and L2, there is no the second choice, and the three sound conductors will be used to reconstruct a sound line.
S608, when both of the control IEDs' PFOLO indicator are ready, the master control IED closes the breaker of L1, and sets the local PFOLO indicator as running, and sends a running order to the slave control IED.
In an embodiment, all the disconnector operations can be done at the same time, so as to shorten the operation time. The Control IED may send out orders while verifying the disconnectors' status. In another embodiment, to ensure the grid security, the disconnector operations can be done sequentially. The status of the disconnectors (switches) may be verified whenever an operation is finished. If the verification shows that the operation is correct, the next operation is performed; otherwise, the status of the disconnectors will return to their initial status.
The process to resume the parallel lines operation when the faults are eliminated is similar to the above process but the step order is reversal.
In an embodiment, an interlocking logic about the breaker, LD and OD of one line, as well as the OD of another line, may be utilized. The interlocking logic includes a series interlocking rules which can prevent mal-operations, such as two poles of LD closed at same side, from happening. The interlocking logic may be embedded in each of the control IEDs. Due to the extra disconnectors (e.g. LD1 and LD2) added, the original interlocking logic may be updated and the new interlocking rules may be added. Alternatively, the interlocking logic may be implemented in a separate device.
The additional interlocking rules include:
1) at any time, only one pole of an LD can be closed at each side;
2) before operating an LD and an OD, the breaker must be opened first;
3) if an LD is closed and the line corresponding to the LD is slave, the breaker of the line is not allowed to be closed;
4) if a line is a master line, the same phase pole of the OD and LD of the master line cannot be closed simultaneously at any time.
With the method according to the embodiments of the invention, the power transmission of one line in parallel lines may be resumed in the case of a permanent line fault, as long as there are three or more sound conductors remained in the parallel lines, which is very simple to implement.
In some embodiments, two extra disconnectors are introduced, which are behind the breaker/CT. Therefore, the method may be utilized based on the existing protection, and the impact on the existing protection algorithm and setting may be minimized So, this is just like a one line operation for protection.
In some embodiments, the Intelligent electric device (IED) is utilized, which provides automatic sequential control. In this way, the whole process can be finished automatically rapidly, for example, in several seconds, without any manual intervention.
In some embodiments, the high speed communication IEC61850 GOOSE is utilized, which implement communication between two bays without any hardware wiring.
In the embodiments of the invention, the communication between two substations is unnecessary. Here, the supposed precondition is that both ends of the parallel lines use current differential protection and no error trip happens. Based on this supposition, the solutions of the invention can be adapted to both sides of the parallel lines without any extra work.
In some embodiments the method is shown to be applied when a line fault occurs, in fact, the method may find wider applications. For example, it may also be applied to normal line maintenance application.
In some embodiments, the method takes into account the grid security.
In some embodiments as described above, the method is implemented automatically, for example, by using control IEDs which support GOOSE communication and have the programmable logic functions. In some other embodiments, the method can be done manually. For example, the above described switches (e.g. disconnectors) may be operated manually. Alternatively, the connection may be implemented by use of any appropriate wires instead of link switches (e.g. link disconnectors).
The solutions according to the embodiments are high market-driven solutions, and may be put in use in a variety of target markets, for example, 220 kV and higher voltage level transmission line in China.
Though the present invention has been described on the basis of some preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should appreciate that those embodiments should by no way limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention, any variations and modifications to the embodiments should be within the apprehension of those with ordinary knowledge and skills in the art, and therefore fall in the scope of the present invention which is defined by the accompanied claims.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2008/071564 | 7/7/2008 | WO | 00 | 1/31/2011 |
