Patent Application
20170320427
The invention pertains to the technical field of methods and systems for securing heavy loads in a container.
Cargo stowed in ocean shipping containers must be secured to prevent shifting in any direction, particularly towards the doors. Voids between individual cargo units and/or container walls must be filled and/or cargo can be secured against falling, tipping and sliding by using multiple lashing and anchor points provided on the top and bottom side rails and on the corner posts. These lashing points generally comprise of rings (e.g. D-rings) which allow the passage of straps or ropes used for securing the load. Most ocean shipping containers, except for refrigerated containers (“reefers”) provide multiple lashing and anchor points. U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,635 describes an example of a load securement method for cargo making use of b-rings or other lashing points. U.S. Pat. No. 7,841,815 also describes a cargo restraint system comprising conventional tie down rings. During securing of cargo prior to transport, problems arise if the condition of the lashing points is compromised due to rust, wear and tear or deformation. Their strength restricts the weight of the cargo that can be secured: as per the ISO 1496-1:1990, the rated maximum Safe Working Load (SWL) or Lashing Capacity (LC) is only between 500 and 1,000 daN per lashing point (“Each anchor point shall be designed and installed to provide a minimum rated load of 1000 kg applied in any direction, and each lashing point shall be designed and installed to provide a minimum rated load of 500 kg applied in any direction”). Exceeding the rated strength of the lashing points, either through forces of cargo in transit or using lashing materials with a higher strength rating may lead to regulatory authorities rejecting the container for (ocean) transportation, resulting in lost time and additional cost of re-loading and securing. The latter implies a considerable loss in time and money for the cargo companies and/or the principal for the transport, not to mention the negative impact it has on the companies offering securing services to these cargo companies.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,020,948 describes a belt fitting engagement rail mounted to the side of a container for securing a belt fitting attached at the end of a belt. The system of US '948 is not suitable for securing heavy loads.
Containers should be packed and cargo secured in accordance with the IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines for packing of cargo transport units (CTUs). These CTU packing guidelines are published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Labor Organization (ILO).
Finally, securing cargo by use of lashing points is cumbersome. In general, cargo will be secured by straps which extend in vertical and horizontal directions. This may lead to a very complicated strapping situation with use of a substantial amount of material, which is preferably to be avoided.
There remains a need in the art for an alternative system to the currently known securing methods making use of these lashing and anchor points. By preference, such alternative should be time and money saving, easy to use and have the potential to be generally accepted by International Regulatory Authorities. The present invention aims to provide a method and system for securing goods which will resolve at least some of the problems mentioned above.
According to the current invention, a non-limiting method and device for securing a load in a container are disclosed. The method makes use of a device that may be positioned in a corner profile of a container. The device is provided with apertures for receiving securing means and which aid in adequate securing. The method allows easy and accurate securing of a load, and provides for a better alternative than the methods and device currently used for securing loads in containers.
According to an aspect of the invention, a method is provided for securing a cargo load in a container whereby the container comprises three side walls, a door (or door leaf), a roof, a floor and four corner posts. The method comprises: providing a securement (or wall securement) device comprising two or more apertures allowing the passage of securing means such as straps, which securement device is attached to an inner rigid structure of the wall; lashing the cargo load with securing means by use of the securement device; characterized in that the securement device is located at the corner post of the container.
The method is characterized in that: the securing means may run substantially perpendicular to said posts; the securement device may be fixedly attached to the wall; the securement device may be removably attached to the wall; the securement device may be adjustable in position, more specifically adjustable in height; one securement device may be provided; two securement devices may be provided per corner post; three or more securement devices may be provided per corner post; during lashing of the load, the securing means may be passed through a first aperture of the wall securement device and subsequently through a second aperture of the same wall securement device in a direction that may be opposite to the first path of the securing means; the securement device may be located at the front wall of the container, opposite to the doors of the container; and/or the container may be located on transport means.
According to another aspect of the invention, a securement device is provided for securing a cargo load in a container, attachable to an inner rigid structure of the container. The securement device has two or more apertures allowing the passage of securing means such as straps, characterized in that the apertures may be separated by an intersection for supporting the securing means when passed through the apertures, whereby the intersection may be placed in a plane reverse to the direction of strain of the securing means.
The securement device is characterized in that: the apertures may comprise between about 10 and 80%, preferably between about 25 and 60% of the total surface of the securement device; the securement device may have two apertures; each aperture may be located in a plane of the securement device, whereby the planes may form an inner angle of between about 45° and about 180°, and preferably between about 90° and about 180°, and more preferably between about 100° and about 110°; the securement device may be provided with a peripheral roughening; the peripheral roughening may be located at the intersection; the securement device may be provided by means for attaching the device to a load surface such as a container; and/or the securement device may be implanted for securing a cargo load in a container.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a container is provided with one or more wall securement devices, constructed according to the principles of the invention.
According to a still further aspect of the invention, a kit is provided that comprises a securement device according to the invention, and a securing means such as straps and a buckle for joining the securing means. As understood by those skilled in the art, the securing means may include any type of mechanism that may be attached to the securing device according to the principles of the invention. The kit is characterized in that: the securing means may include straps comprising polyester yarns; the strap(s) may comprise woven polyester yarns; the strap(s) may comprise composite polyester yarns that may be embedded in a polymer coating, wherein the polymer coating may include polypropylene; the buckle may comprise a body having two side walls and bars extending between these side walls; the bars of the buckle may be provided with a peripheral roughening; at least one of the bars may be provided with a peripheral roughening comprising a serration that may be oriented opposite the strap's direction of strain; and/or the kit may comprise a tensioner for applying a tension on the securing means.
According to a still further aspect, a wall securement device is provided that is attachable to an inner rigid structure of a container that comprises a sidewall and a corner post to secure a load in the container. The wall securement device comprises a leaf having front and rear main surfaces; and a contact surface extending between the front and rear main surfaces, the contact surface being formed at a tip end of the wall securement device to contact a profile of the corner post; and an aperture that extends between the front and rear main surfaces to receive a strap, wherein the rear main surface of the leaf comprises a slope-hook portion. The slope-hook portion may comprise a slope portion. The slope-hook portion may comprise a hook portion. The hook portion may comprise a bump.
According to a still further aspect of the invention, a wall securement device is provided that comprises: front and rear main surfaces; an aperture that extends between the front and rear main surfaces; and a contact surface extending between the front and rear main surfaces and located at a tip end of the wall securement device, wherein the rear main surface comprises a slope-hook portion. The slope-hook portion may comprise a slope portion and a hook portion. The hook portion may comprise a bump.
The present invention concerns a method for securing cargo load in a container as well as a wall securement device capable to be used in this method. The latter enables an easy and time-saving way to securing goods to a container, thereby ensuring that the latter are adequately secured. Moreover, it is the purpose of the current invention to provide an easy-to-use and performant alternative for the well-known lashing and anchor points of the prior art, such as D-rings. It is the aim of the current invention to provide a system which is thus reliable that it will pass all regulatory requirements and hence may be used for a variety of loads which are currently excluded by the prior art lashing points. Moreover, it is also the object of the current invention to provide a method and system which is cost-saving for the client.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.
As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings:
“A”, “an”, and “the” as used herein refers to both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By way of example, “a compartment” refers to one or more than one compartment.
“About” as used herein referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of +/−20% or less, preferably +/−10% or less, more preferably +/−5% or less, even more preferably +/−1% or less, and still more preferably +/−0.1% or less of and from the specified value, in so far such variations are appropriate to perform in the disclosed invention. However, it is to be understood that the value to which the modifier “about” refers is itself also specifically disclosed.
“Comprise,” “comprising,” and “comprises” and “comprised of” as used herein are synonymous with “include”, “including”, “includes” or “contain”, “containing”, “contains” and are inclusive or open-ended terms that specifies the presence of what follows e.g. component and do not exclude or preclude the presence of additional, non-recited components, features, element, members, steps, known in the art or disclosed therein.
The term “wall” may include a wall and a corner post.
The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within that range, as well as the recited endpoints.
The expression “% by weight” (weight percent), here and throughout the description unless otherwise defined, refers to the relative weight of the respective component based on the overall weight of the formulation.
The terms “wall securement device” and “securement device” as used herein, can be interchanged,
In a first aspect, the current invention provides for a method for securing cargo load in a container. In an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the following steps:
The method and device are specifically suited for lashing loads in heavy freight in containers which are located on transport means. By preference such transport means may be a waterborne vessel such as a container ship, ground vehicle such as truck or railcar, or an airborne vessel such as an airplane.
These wall securement devices are to be attached to the inner structure, being the inner wall of the container, preferably a corner post comprised by the inner wall of the container, and will serve as anchoring or passage points for securing means used for lashing the cargo load. In a preferred embodiment, said wall securement device is attached to the corner posts of the container. By preference, said device is attached to the corner profile of such corner posts. Such containers comprise a steel framework, consisting of four corner posts. These corner posts serve as the load-carrying elements of containers. The steel framework furthermore comprises two bottom side rails, two top side rails, two bottom cross members, a front top end rail and a door header. The side and end walls and the roof are the components of a standard box container which are capable of bearing the least load. The corner posts provide enough strength for allowing the attachment of the wall securement device according to the current invention, thereby equally providing sufficient sturdy points to allow the anchorage of securing means and bearing the load. Attachment may be physical or mechanical. Attachment may include the physical clamping of the device to the corner profile of the corner post. This ensures also that the device does not hinder or interfere with the cargo within the container. In an embodiment of the current invention, the wall securement device may be removably attached to the container. With the term “removably attached” is meant the device is connected to the wall by means which allow easy attachment or detachment, without the use of tools such as screwdrivers, nails, screws and the like. Such removable attachment may comprise one or more attachment aids such as adhesive strips, foam elements, spring-type elements, glue or glue-like material or make use of magnetic force. In a preferred embodiment, said attachment aid comprises a clamp, a spring or a foam element, which is positioned between the wall of the corner post and the device. Most preferably, said attachment aid is a foam element, connected to the rear of said device. Said foam element comprises preferably compressible foam.
Alternatively, said wall securement device may be permanently fixed to the container by conventional means such as welding.
The wall securement device may be adjustable in position, meaning that the position of the device may be adjusted in view of the top and bottom of the container, e.g. lowered or increased. For the latter purpose, a rail system may be provided at the corner posts, with fastening means for the device onto the rail which allows altering the position of the device with respect to top of bottom of the container.
In a preferred embodiment, the securement devices are located in one vertical plane in view of the roof or floor wall of the container, meaning that they are all provided at one side of the container. By preference, they are provided at the corner posts at the end wall of the container opposite to the door(s). For instance, a strap is used for securing the load, said strap being looped through at least one aperture of at least one load securement device at a corner post at the bulkhead (or end wall) of the container, its strap ends going around the load towards the back end of the container, along either side of the load, whereby these strap ends are closed using a buckle at the back end of the container (e.g., at the doors). Quite conveniently, the buckle can be reached via the back side opening. Preferably, each securement device comprises at least two apertures, through which apertures the strap is looped. In the most preferred configuration, each corner post of this end wall will be provided by at least one wall securement device. By preference, 2 devices are provided at each corner post, whereby one of the devices is preferably located towards the top of the container and one located towards the floor of the container.
During lashing of the load, securing means are passed through an aperture of the wall securement device. The wall securement device can comprise one or more apertures. In an embodiment of the invention, the wall securement device comprises one or more leaves, at least one of those leafs, and preferably each leaf defining an aperture, which aperture extends between its front and rear main surfaces. In a further embodiment, the device comprises two leaves, each of both leaves comprising such an aperture. Securing means such as straps can be passed through a first aperture of the wall securement device and subsequently through a second aperture of said same wall securement device in a direction opposite to the first path of said securing means. Such securing means are by preference straps, such as steel straps, polypropylene straps or polyester straps with or without a polymer coating. By preference, the system and method is used in conjunction with polyester straps, comprising polyester yarns, either woven or composite yarns. Straps produced of composite yarns will by preference be coated in a polymer coating such as polypropylene or polyethylene. The loose ends of the securing means are joined by means of a buckle. By preference, such a buckle is manufactured from high quality steel and is provided by measures that avoid or entirely prevent slipping.
Throughout this document, the term “strap” will be employed when referring to securing means of any kind. Obviously, the skilled person is more than qualified to select a suitable alternative securing means, for use in conjunction with the wall securement device.
In a preferred embodiment, said wall securement device can bear a load of at least 6 ton (absolute value) when provided with securing means. The applied force on the securing means will run opposite to the direction of the first path of the securing means and parallel to the second path.
The wall securement device is specifically designed to be attached to a corner post and to fit in the corner profile of said post. The wall securement device may be manufactured from metals such as high quality steel, stainless steel, aluminum or plastic. In a preferred embodiment, the wall securement device has two or more apertures allowing the passage of securing means such as straps. These apertures are separated by an intersection, used as support for the straps when passed through these apertures. Said apertures are part of separate leafs of the device. Said intersection may comprise a flat, a rounded or rugged element. In a preferred embodiment, said intersection comprises a cylindrical element such as a bar or rod. In an embodiment, this intersection is located in a plane reverse to the direction of strain of said securing means. As such, the device provides both for an anchorage point for the strap as well as for a load bearing point. The position of the intersection in view of the strain direction is chosen such that the straps are given an adequate support by the intersection during lashing.
The device and preferably the region of the intersection may be provided by a peripheral roughening. Such peripheral roughening or abrasive surface may comprise for instance a specific pattern (e.g. grid), embossed in the material of the intersection or by coating the intersection or entire device by a grit material coating. Such peripheral roughening will prevent slipping of the strap. The device may furthermore also be provided by means for attachment to a load surface. Attachment to the container may be removable or permanent. In a preferred embodiment, said peripheral roughening may be located on the intersection of the leaf and said another leaf. The peripheral roughening may have the form seen, for example, in
As pointed out, the wall securement device is provided by apertures for passage of the straps. By preference, each wall securement device has two apertures. In one embodiment, the apertures comprise between 10 and 80%, of the total surface of said wall securement device. By preference, said apertures comprise between 25 and 60% of the total surface of the device. The latter ensures easy passage and even multiple passages of the straps through the apertures, meanwhile ensuring that the device still withstands the forces applied onto the device when cargo is secured by aid of the devices.
In a further embodiment, each aperture is located in a plane of said wall securement device, said planes are virtual planes, preferably tangent planes, formed by the separate leafs of the device, whereby said planes form an inner angle α of between 45° and 180°, preferably between 90 and 180°, more preferably between 100° and 180°, more preferably between 100° and 150°, more preferably between 100° and 120°, even more preferably between 100° and 110°. Hence, the latter allows for a specific configuration of the device allowing attachment of the device to the wall of the corner posts of the container.
The “inner angle” may be the smallest angle that is spanned between imaginary tangent planes to the respective front main surfaces of the leaves, the tangents taken at near the tip portions of said leafs. Similarly, the “outer angle” may be the largest angle that is spanned between imaginary tangent planes to the respective rear main surfaces of the leafs. An advantage is that the device, when arranged to a corner post, provides a lashing point within the enclosure of the typical container corner profile, without bulging out towards the main, substantially beam-shaped storage space of the container. In other words, the device does not extend beyond an inner zone of the corner post. As such, the wall securement devices pose no restrictions to efficiently stacking a load of (beam-shaped) goods within said storage space, especially near the corner posts.
By preference, said device comprises two leafs, which are connected to each other at the level of the intersection. Said leafs preferably form an angle of between 45° and 180°, preferably between 90 and 180°, more preferably between 100° and 180°, more preferably between 100° and 150°, more preferably between 100° and 120°, even more preferably between 100° and 110°. In a most preferred embodiment, said angle comprises between 100° and 105°, such as 100°, 101°, 102°, 103°, 104° or 105°. It was found by the inventors that an angle in this range allows adequate positioning of the device to the corner post, as well as ensures passing of the securing means through the apertures.
In an embodiment, said leaf of the device comprises a substantially rectangular form. In another embodiment, said leaf comprises a polygon form. In a preferred embodiment, said leaf comprises at least two sides, which intersect and form an obtuse angle at the intersection. As a consequence, said leafs comprise a beveled edge. Said obtuse angle comprises between 91° and 178°, preferably between 95° and 150°, more preferably between 100° and 130°, most preferably between 105° and 120°, such as 118°. By preference, one of said sides forming the angle will run parallel to the intersection of said device. The latter has been found advantageous for the positioning of the device to the corner profile.
A second side, equally forming an intersection with said side running parallel to said intersection, will be positioned substantially perpendicular to said parallel side.
Said device will be provided with two leafs, whereby said obtuse angles are placed crosswise or opposite of a virtual symmetric axis formed by the intersection.
When arranging the device to the corner profile, the device may in a first instance be inserted in the corner profile, after which it can be correctly positioned by means of a quarter of a turn or more.
Thickness of the leafs is preferably between 5 and 15 mm, preferably between 8 and 12 mm, more preferably 10 mm. The length of the leaf will preferably be between 100 and 130 mm, more preferably between 105 and 125 mm. Said length of the leafs of the device may vary. This can be necessary in view of the dimensions of a corner profile of a container.
Preferably the intersection will be thicker than said leafs. In a preferred embodiment, said ratio between the thickness of the intersection and the thickness of the leafs will be between 3:1 and 2:1. Said Thickness of the intersection lies preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
According to a further or alternative embodiment of the device, said device may comprise attachment aids for assisting the attachment of said device to the corner post. Preferably said attachment aids are present on the rear of both leafs. Such attachment aids provide additional assistance for attachment of the device to the corner profile and may comprise a spring or clamping element, a foam element, magnets or magnetic strips, glue elements. In another embodiment, said attachment aid is a foam element. Said foam element will cover at least partially the rear of said leaf. By preference said, foam element will cover at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably 20% of said rear. In another embodiment, said element covers between 1 to 100% of said rear, between 5 to 90%, more preferably between 10 to 90%. Said element may have any conventional shape, such as round, rectangular, square, polygonal . . . .
In a preferred embodiment, said foam element comprises of a closed cell foam, preferably said closed cell foam has ellipsoid or round cells, most preferably round cells. In a further preferred embodiment, said foam element is a cross-linked polyolefin, such as LDPE or PP. Preferred density of the foam will be between 50 and 100 kg/m3. Said thickness of the foam lies preferably between 10 and 30 mm, more preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
Use of foam as attachment aid was found to be particularly useful because of the compressible nature of said foam. This is important, as the space between the device when positioned and the container wall will vary from point to point. Especially the use of foam with round or substantially round cells was found to be extremely advantageous, as these provide sufficient back pressure, even after considerable time of use. Due to its specific nature, said foam element will also resist dimensional changes due to e.g. temperature differences. Said foam element may be attached to the device by conventional methods, such as gluing, or may simply be placed behind said device when being positioned in the corner post.
In a preferred embodiment, said wall securement device can bear a load of at least 6 ton (absolute value) when provided with securing means.
In another aspect, the current invention provides for a container provided by one or more wall securement devices according above-mentioned embodiments.
In another aspect, the current invention equally provides a kit for securing load in a container. By preference, such kit comprises a wall securement device according to the current invention, securing means such as straps and a buckle for securing said securing means. As outlined above, the straps will by preference comprise polyester yarns, which may be woven polyester yarns or composite polyester yarns embedded in a polymer coating, whereby the polymer coating is polypropylene; polyolefins such as LDPE, HDPE, PP, EVA, EMA, EBA, EEA, etc. Preferably said coating is polypropylene. Other possible straps that can be used in accordance with the current invention comprise polyaramid fibers; nylon; natural fibers such as sisal; flax; and metal fibers.
In general, said straps used in accordance with the current invention are preferably comprised of a material such as polymers with a Young's Modulus lower than 1400 MPa, preferably lower than 1000 MPa, even more preferably lower than 500 MPa.
The kit provides for a buckle for securing the loose ends of the strap, thereby equally securing the load. By preference, such buckle comprises a body having two side walls and bars extending between these side walls. In a preferred embodiment, the bars of the buckle are provided with a peripheral roughening. The buckle is characterized in that at least at one tensioning side of the body the bar or bars are provided with a profile which allows the strap to pass through, and that the least strain on the strap causes the profile to bite into the strap. Due to the two side walls in the body of the buckle the strap is prevented from pulling out of alignment, which may also prevent slipping.
The sought functionality and effectiveness of the buckle according to the invention is in particular facilitated by the fact that at the tensioning side of the buckle, the profile of the bar or bars comprise a serration, and in particular a serration that is oriented opposite to the strap's direction of strain. Advantageously therefore the profile comprises a serration extending over substantially the entire length of the bar or bars.
In a further embodiment, the kit may further comprise a tensioner for applying a tension on said securing means.
The aspects of the current invention will further be elucidated by means of examples and figures, without being limited to these examples or figures.
Referring to
As shown in
In another embodiment, as shown in
In the embodiments shown in
As shown in
Each of said leafs (14, 14′) is provided with a beveled edge (16), whereby the two intersecting sides A and B (or A′ and B′) form an angle β (or β′). Said angle 13 is preferably an obtuse angle. Said angles of each leafs are on opposite sides seen from the intersection (3).
As shown in
As seen in
In the embodiment of
Referring to
Referring to
As seen in
In order to ensure adequate attaching to the corner post, the device according to the current invention may be provided by attaching aids. As shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
Referring to
The buckle (5) shown in
The buckle is embodied in that the bar or bars are provided at least at the tensioning side of the body, which are provided with a profile such as to allow the strap to pass through, and in particular, such that the least strain on the strap causes the profile of these bars to bite into the strap.
The figures, and especially
The roughening on the bars is a positive roughening with respect to the one that is (or may be) provided on the bars, meaning that the profile comprises a serration that is oriented opposite to the strap's direction of strain.
As clearly shown in
The serration (11) provided on the bars and, as explained above, extending substantially over the entire length of the bar or bars, achieves that the least strain on the strap causes the serration to be pressed into the material of the strap, which prevents the strap from slipping back when a relief moment occurs, as is possible during the transport of a dynamic load.
At the same time, the serration is of such a nature that the strap is simple to fit and easy to pass through the buckle according to the invention without, however, losing the feature of this serration, which engages the strap at the least strain during transport of a load.
The present invention is not restricted to any form of realization described previously and that some modifications can be added to the presented example of fabrication without reappraisal of the appended embodiments.
Feasibility was confirmed during a stability test in accordance with ISO 1496-1:2013. During this test the corner profiles of a container were loaded with
Furthermore an additional load at the corner profile was supplied via 2 securing devices according to an embodiment of the current invention.
A maximal force of 6 ton per device was applied without damaging the container corner profile.
Securing of 18 ton of load (18 filled IBC containers in a setup similar to what is shown in
A tilting test up to 43° was performed, which corresponds to a force of 0.8 g. The test showed that the cargo was secured properly.
Although process steps, method steps, or the like, may be described in a sequential order, such processes or methods may be configured to work in alternate orders. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be described does not necessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. The steps of the processes or methods described herein may be performed in any order practical. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneously.
When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device or article may be used in place of a single device or article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that a single device or article may be used in place of the more than one device or article. The functionality or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having such functionality or features.
While the invention has been described in terms of exemplary embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure can be practiced with modifications in the spirit and scope of the appended claims. These examples are merely illustrative and are not meant to be an exhaustive list of all possible designs, embodiments, applications, or modifications of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1040133 | Mar 2013 | NL | national |
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/446,896, filed Mar. 1, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/866,135, issued Apr. 11, 2017 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,616,800, which is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/EP2014/056102, filed on Mar. 26, 2014, designating the United States of America, which is based on and claims priority of Netherlands Patent Application No. 1040133, filed Mar. 28, 2013. The entire disclosures of all of the foregoing patent applications, including the specifications, drawings, and claims, are fully incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14866135 | Sep 2015 | US |
| Child | 15446896 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15446896 | Mar 2017 | US |
| Child | 15657940 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/EP2014/056102 | Mar 2014 | US |
| Child | 14866135 | US |
