Patent Application
20140137580
The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to the field of refrigeration, and more particularly to methods and systems of defrosting a transport container refrigeration system and avoiding compressor slugging.
Generally, in direct drive transport refrigeration, a road compressor is directly coupled to a vehicle. The associated refrigerating system is relatively simple with few valves that do not protect the compressor against liquid flow back. Because these systems use hot gas defrost technology with a shunted condenser and expansion valve, the compressor may systematically suck liquid from the evaporator during and after the hot gas defrost. Accordingly, compressor damage and premature failure is possible. Furthermore, in direct drive applications subsequent defrost-timings are non-optimal. Thus, the art would well receive improvements in defrosting transport container refrigeration systems and avoiding compressor slugging in transport container refrigeration systems
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a method of refrigeration control through a refrigeration system of a refrigerated transport container includes performing a defrost cycle on the refrigeration system by activating a heat source; and restarting the refrigeration system after the defrost cycle has completed, wherein restarting the refrigeration system includes performing a liquid slugging avoidance process including: initiating a compressor of the refrigeration system at a speed; opening a pressure equalization valve in parallel with the compressor in response to the initiating; opening a liquid valve in series between a condenser and an evaporator after opening of the pressure equalization valve; and closing the pressure equalization valve after a period of time.
According to another example embodiment of the present invention is a refrigeration system, comprising: a condenser; a compressor in serial communication with the condenser; an evaporator in serial communication with the condenser and the compressor; a heat source for thawing an evaporator coil during a defrost cycle; a pressure equalization valve arranged in parallel with the compressor; a liquid valve in series between the condenser and the evaporator; a controller for controlling the pressure equalization valve and the liquid valve to implement a liquid slugging avoidance process upon restart of the compressor after a defrost cycle.
Other aspects, features, and techniques of the invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES:
Embodiments of methods and systems of transport container refrigeration control and defrost operations are described herein in detail. Technical effects and benefits of such methods include limiting compressor liquid flow through novel starting sequences.
Turning to
The system 100 includes inverter 105 in communication with the power medium 107. The inverter 105 may convert power supplied through power medium 107 into power usable by the system 100.
The system 100 further includes evaporator 102 in communication with the inverter 105, and heater 120 in communication with the inverter 105 and the evaporator 102. The heater 120 may be arranged or mechanically mounted within/upon the evaporator 102 for relatively efficient defrosting and heating operations. Heater 120 may be a resistive heater, or other known form of heater.
The system 100 further includes sensor 101 in communication with the evaporator 102. The sensor 101 may be a temperature sensor coupled to the evaporator 102, also referred to as a defrost temperature thermistor (DTT). The sensor 101 may signal the start and/or cessation of defrosting operations.
The system 100 further includes sensor 103 in communication with the evaporator 102. The sensor 103 may be a Return Air Temperature (RAT) sensor, which may determine a temperature of a transport container being refrigerated. According to some example embodiments, the sensor 103 may also be a Supplied Air Temperature sensor. Further, a plurality of sensors may be used as sensor 103, including any combination of applicable or desirable sensors configured to determine temperature of a container or unit to be refrigerated.
The system 100 further includes compressor 104 in communication with the inverter 105. If compressor 104 is a variable speed compressor, the inverter 105 and controller 110 control the speed of the compressor 104. Alternatively, the compressor 104 may be a fixed speed compressor in exemplary embodiments. The system 100 further includes condensing unit 106 and condenser fan 160 in communication with the inverter 105.
Additionally, the system 100 includes a controller 110 in communication with one or more components of the system 100 to facilitate operation and control of the system 100. For example, the controller 110 may include any appropriate processing means including a general-purpose computer processor, microcontroller, ASIC, FPGA, discrete electrical control loops, or any combination thereof; and further comprise any appropriate memory or storage means to enable storage of computer executable instructions that, when executed by the controller 110, direct the controller 100 to perform any or all of the methods described herein.
Turning now to
The system further includes expansion valve 207 upstream of the evaporator 102. The expansion valve 207 is configured to allow expansion of refrigerant utilized in the system 100. The system 100 further includes liquid valve (LV) 206 arranged in series with and between the condenser 106 and the expansion vale 207. The system 100 further includes air cooled after cooler (ACC) 204, or a liquid accumulator, in series between the condenser 106 and the liquid valve 206. As described in further detail herein, the controller 110 controls the PEV 201 and liquid valve 206 during compressor restart to avoid liquid slugging.
Turning to
An appropriate or predetermined temperature range denoted as the range between temperature limit values T1 and T2 is also illustrated. This temperature range between T1 and T2 may be the appropriate temperature range for items contained in a refrigerated unit or container, limits of temperature of the unit or container, limits determined through an international or local standard, or any combination thereof. As further illustrated, as the detected temperature is relatively close to or below the lower temperature limit T2, denoted at time value 301, defrost operations are enabled.
The defrost cycle involves using a heater 120 (e.g., a resistor heater) to thaw ice from the evaporator coil. During the defrost cycle, defrost energy consumption of the system 100 is measured. The calculation of defrost energy consumption generally may be represented by power consumed (e.g., watts) by the heater 120 times the time to complete the defrost cycle (e.g., seconds).
Upon calculation of the defrost energy consumption, a next appropriate time delay between defrost cycles may be determined by controller 110.
Referring back to
The start-up sequence of refrigeration system 100 may be facilitated by the controller 110 through the methods described below.
As illustrated, upon refrigeration restart the compressor 104 is activated at a low frequency or low power as shown at plot 501. If the compressor 104 is fixed speed, the compressor will stay at the same speed throughout the process. Furthermore, upon refrigeration commencement, the PEV 201 is fully opened as shown in plot 503. In response to the compressor operating at low frequency and the PEV 201 being opened for a predetermined or desired time V1, the liquid valve 206 is also opened as shown in plot 504 and the evaporator fan motor is driven to a higher speed as shown in plot 502.
Upon expiration of a second predetermined time threshold V2, the PEV 201 is closed. Upon expiration of a third predetermined time threshold V3, compressor 104 speed is ramped up to about 75% or less of available speed (depending upon cooling demand) over the course of a fourth predetermined time threshold V4. Speed is maintained for a fifth predetermined time threshold V5 at which point compressor 104 speed is driven to a maximum available or steady state operational speed. Alternatively, if the compressor is a fixed speed compressor, the compressor will stay at the same speed throughout the restart.
The predetermined time thresholds V1-V5 are established based upon desired reduction in liquid slugging of the refrigeration circuit of the system 100. For example, as the compressor superheat becomes positive and the compressor mass flow remaining low, threshold V1 expires and liquid valve 206 is opened. In response to pressure equalization, the compressor 104 speed is ramped as noted by the ramp in plot 501.
Upon reaching a desired percentage (e.g., 75%) or less (depending upon cooling demand) of available compressor speed, a short time delay V5 is introduced to stabilize the refrigeration cycle before bringing compressor 104 to steady state operating speed. Again, if the compressor is a fixed speed unit, the compressor will stay at the same speed throughout the restart with valves 201 and 206 being controlled as described above.
Turning now to
The method 600 further includes enabling refrigeration using the liquid slugging avoidance method of
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. While the description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, it is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications, variations, alterations, substitutions, or equivalent arrangement not hereto described will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Additionally, while various embodiment of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2011/043137 | 7/7/2011 | WO | 00 | 1/6/2014 |
