Control lines, such as individual or combined hydraulic, electric, or fiber control lines, are used in oil and gas wellbores to control downhole tools or to carry data related to measuring wellbore or environmental parameters. However, many obstacles to the deployment of a control line along the length of the wellbore exist. For example, packers are commonly deployed in wellbores and block the path down a wellbore. Moreover, if the control line is exposed on its exterior, the control line can be damaged as it is inserted and removed from the wellbore.
Thus, there is a continuing need to address one or more of the problems stated above.
The present invention relates to a system and method to deploy control lines in wellbores. The control lines are deployed in a protected manner and, in some embodiments, serve to provide control line functionality through packers or other components.
Advantages and other features of the invention will become apparent from the following drawing, description and claims.
The present invention generally relates to completions utilized in a well environment. The completions comprise one or more control lines.
As used herein and unless otherwise noted, the term “control line” shall include all types of control lines, including hydraulic control lines, electric lines, wirelines, slicklines, optical fibers, and any cables that house or bundle such lines or fibers. Control lines may be used to control downhole device (such as any downhole tool—packers, flow control valves, etc), transmit information, or measure parameters.
A lower completion 18 is deployed in the wellbore 12. The lower completion 18 includes a packer 20, which seals and anchors the lower completion 18 to a surrounding wall, such as casing 14 (or wellbore wall if the wellbore is not cased). The surrounding wall/casing 14 also can comprise other components, such as an expandable tubing or sand screen. The lower completion 18 also includes a fluid communication component 22 providing fluid communication between the exterior of the lower completion 18 and the interior bore 24 of the lower completion 18. In the embodiment illustrated in
An upper completion 30 is deployed into the wellbore 12 and is inserted into the lower completion 18. The upper completion 30 comprises a packer 32, a stinger 34, a control line 36, and at least one flow port 39. After the upper completion 30 is run into the well, the packer 32 is set against the casing 14 (or the wellbore wall if no casing 14 is present). The packer 32 seals and anchors the upper completion 30 to the casing 14. An engagement section 38 is inserted into the bore 21 of the lower completion packer 20. The stinger 34 extends into the lower completion bore 24 and may extend across the fluid communication component 22. As shown in
The control line 36 extends along at least part of the length of the stinger 34. In one embodiment, the control line 36 extends along the length of the stinger 34 and across the fluid communication component 22. The control line 36 typically extends upwards along the upper completion 30 and to the surface and is functionally connected to an acquisition unit 37.
In one embodiment as shown in
In another embodiment as shown in
In another embodiment illustrated in
In another embodiment as shown in
The embodiment of
In another embodiment as shown in
In one embodiment in which the control line 36 includes an optical fiber, the optical fiber 36 and acquisition unit 37 comprise a distributed temperature sensor system, such as the Sensa DTS systems sold by Sensor Highway Limited, Southampton, UK. Generally, pulses of light at a fixed wavelength are transmitted from the acquisition unit 37 through the fiber optic line 36. At every measurement point in the line 36, light is back-scattered and returns to the acquisition unit 37. Knowing the speed of light and the moment of arrival of the return signal enables its point of origin along the optical fiber 36 to be determined. Temperature stimulates the energy levels of the silica molecules in the fiber line 36. The back-scattered light contains upshifted and downshifted wavebands (such as the Stokes Raman and Anti-Stokes Raman portions of the back-scattered spectrum) which can be analyzed to determine the temperature at origin. In this way the temperature of each of the responding measurement points in the fiber line 36 can be calculated by the unit 37, providing a complete temperature profile along the length of the fiber line 36. This general fiber optic distributed temperature system and technique is known in the prior art.
In another embodiment, control line 36 is connected to a sensor (not shown), which transmits its measurements to the acquisition unit 37 via the control line 36. The sensor can be a hydraulic, mechanical, chemical, electrical, or optical sensor and can measure any downhole characteristic, including physical and chemical parameters of the well fluid and environment. For instance, the sensor can comprise a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain sensor, a flow sensor, or phase sensor. In another embodiment, fiber optic line 36 may be used to take a distributed strain measurement along the length of the fiber optic line(s) 36.
In one embodiment in which an optical fiber is included, the control line 36 comprises a conduit 42 and an optical fiber 39. Instead of deploying the optical fiber 39 by itself or bundled in a cable and attaching it to the upper completion 30, the optical fiber 39 can be deployed within a conduit 42 (see
In one embodiment, conduit 42 is deployed with fiber optic line 39 already disposed therein. However, in another embodiment, conduit 42 is first deployed with the upper completion 30, and fiber optic line 39 is thereafter installed in the conduit 42. In this technique, fiber optic line 39 is pumped down conduit 42. Essentially, the fiber optic line 39 is dragged along the conduit 42 by the injection of a fluid at the surface, such as injection of fluid (gas or liquid) by a pump. The fluid and induced injection pressure work to drag the fiber optic line 39 along the conduit 42. This installation technique can be specially useful when a fiber optic line 39 requires replacement during an operation.
The control line 36 may have a “J-shape”, wherein the control line 36 returns from the bottom of its extension along the stinger 34 and extends back at least partially to the surface, or a “U-shape”, wherein the control line 36 returns from the bottom of its extension along the stinger 34 and extends back completely to the surface. Either of these shapes is beneficial when the control line 36 includes an optical fiber 39 and the optical fiber 39 is used as part of a distributed temperature sensor system. Additionally, although one control line 36 is shown as being used in relation to the embodiment of
In operation, the lower completion 18 is deployed in the wellbore 12 and the packer 20 is set sealingly anchoring the lower completion 18 to the wellbore 12. The upper completion 30 is then deployed and the packer 32 is set once the upper completion 30 is in the appropriate position (in an alternative embodiment, the stinger 34 is deployed subsequent to the packer 20 and engagement section 38). If the wellbore 12 is a producing wellbore, fluid flows from the formation 13, into the wellbore 12, through the fluid communication component 22, into the lower completion interior bore 24, through the at least one flow port 39, and through the upper completion 30 to the surface. If the wellbore is an injection wellbore, fluid flows in the opposite direction from the surface and into the formation 13. If the control line 36 and unit 37 comprise a distributed temperature sensor system, distributed temperature traces are taken along the length of the control line to provide the required information for the operator. If the control line 36 is used to control downhole devices, an operator may then activate such control. If the control line 36 transmits information to the surface, such information may then be transmitted.
A lower completion 118 is deployed in the wellbore 112. The lower completion 118 includes at least two packers 120, 121. Packer 120 seals and anchors the lower completion 118 to the casing 114 (or wellbore wall if the wellbore is not cased) above the upper formation 113, and packer 121 seals and anchors the lower completion 118 to the casing 114 (or wellbore wall if the wellbore is not cased) between the upper formation 113 and the lower formation 115. A third and bottommost packer 123 may also be used to seal and anchor the lower completion 118 below the lower formation 115. Proximate each of the packers 120, 121, the lower completion 118 also includes a fluid communication component 122, 125 providing fluid communication between the exterior of the lower completion 118 and the interior bore 124 of the lower completion 118. In the embodiment illustrated in
An upper completion 130 is deployed into the wellbore 112 and is inserted into the lower completion 118. The upper completion 130 comprises a packer 132, a stinger 134, a control line 136, two flow control components 139, 141, and a sealing sleeve 143. After the upper completion 130 is run into the well, the packer 132 is set against the casing 114 (or the wellbore wall if no casing 114 is present). The packer 132 seals and anchors the upper completion 130 to the casing 114. The sealing sleeve 143 of the stinger 134 is inserted into the bore 145 of the lower completion packer 121 and provides a seal between the upper completion 130 and the lower completion 118. The stinger 134 extends into the lower completion bore 124 and across upper fluid communication component 122 and may extend across the bottom fluid communication component 125.
The control line 136 extends along at least part of the length of the stinger 134. In one embodiment, the control line 136 extends along the length of the stinger 134 and across the fluid communication components 122, 125 and flow control components 139, 141. The control line 136 typically extends upwards along the upper completion 130 and to the surface and is functionally connected to an acquisition unit 137.
In this embodiment, the control line 136 extends along the exterior of the stinger 134. The sealing sleeve 143, which is shown in cross-section in
In the embodiment in which control line 136 includes an optical fiber, instead of deploying the optical fiber by itself and attaching it to the upper completion 130, the optical fiber can be deployed within a conduit as previously described in relation to the embodiment of
In operation, the lower completion 118 is deployed in the wellbore 112 and the packers 120, 121, 123 are set to sealingly anchor the lower completion 118 to the wellbore 112, providing zonal isolation between formations 113, 115. The upper completion 130 is then deployed and the packer 132 is set once the sealing sleeve 143 is sealingly engaged to the packer bore 145. If the wellbore 112 is a producing wellbore, fluid flows from the formation 113, into the wellbore 112, through the fluid communication component 122, into the lower completion interior bore 124, through the flow control component 139, and into and through the upper completion 30 to the surface. Similarly, fluid flows from the formation 115, into the wellbore 112, through the fluid communication component 125, into the lower completion interior bore 124, through the flow control component 141, and into and through the upper completion 30 to the surface. If the wellbore is an injection wellbore, fluid flows in the opposite direction from the surface and into the formations 113, 115.
The flow control components 139, 141 may comprise any downhole valve, such as sleeve valves, ball valves, or disc valves. The components 139, 141 may be remotely controlled (actuated) by additional control lines (hydraulic, electric, or fiber optic—also deployed through the by-pass ports of the sealing sleeve 143 and packer 132) or by wireless signals (pressure pulses, acoustic signals, electromagnetic signals, or seismic signals). Having a flow control component 139, 141 associated with each formation 113, 115 provides an operator with the ability to independently control flow to or from each formation.
If the control line 136 and unit 137 comprise a distributed temperature sensor system, distributed temperature traces can be taken along the length of the control line to provide the required information for the operator, including information relevant to both formations 113, 115. If the control line 136 is used to control downhole devices, an operator may then activate such control. If the control line 136 transmits information to the surface, such information may then be transmitted.
Completion 210 may be a gravel pack completion including a sand screen 216, perforated base pipe 218, and packer 220. The packer 220 seals and anchors the completion 210 against the casing 214.
A control line 222, such as a hydraulic control line or conduit, extends from the surface along the completion 210 towards the packer 220. At a point above the packer 220, the control line 222 extends to a port 224. Port 224 extends through completion 210. On the interior of the completion 210, port 224 is located in a groove 226 that extends longitudinally along a portion of the completion interior. As shown in
At some point during the life of the wellbore 12, the operator may wish to obtain a temperature trace of the wellbore 12, such as by using the distributed temperature sensor system previously described in relation to the embodiments of
Running tool 240 includes a profile 242 that matches a profile 244 on the interior of sleeve 228. Thus, when the two profiles 242, 244 come in contact, they mate and the running tool 240 moves sleeve 228 downwardly, thereby exposing the port 224. The downward movement of sleeve 228 stops at the end of the groove 226 at which point the port 224 is fully exposed, and the port 224 is disposed between two seals 246 on the exterior of running tool 240. At this position, a hydraulic control line 248 of running tool 240 is connected to and is in fluid communication with the port 224 and the control line 222.
At this location, a common path is formed between and including the hydraulic control lines 222, 248. An optical fiber 250 may be pumped into the common path and through the port 224 as previously described in relation to the embodiment of
Thus, with this embodiment, temperature traces can be taken in the wellbore 212 at different times during the life of the well. Although a gravel pack/sand control completion was described and illustrated, it is understood that this embodiment may be used with other types of completions in which intermittent use of temperature traces are desired. The completion need only include the groove, sleeve, and port (or similar mechanisms) as indicated. For instance, the releasable assembly of
In the illustrated embodiment, the stinger 334 is adjustable so the control line 336 may be turned to a desired orientation, such as toward the bottom of the completion 310. This is particularly useful when the control line 336 includes an optical fiber serving as part of a distributed temperature sensor system (as previously described). In this case, the bottom orientation of the optical fiber 336 serves to shield it from the production flow and thereby improve the temperature data. The present invention is particularly useful when the lower completion 318 includes expandable screens because placing a fiber 336 on the exterior of an expandable screen 336 is very difficult and often can lead to the fiber 336 being destroyed during the expansion process. One problem in utilizing a stinger 334 deployed control line 336 is that the data read by the fiber 336 inside the completion 310 may be clouded by the production flow moving past. Orienting the fiber 336 to the bottom of the completion 310 (assuming a deviated completion) can minimize the temperature error by shielding the fiber 336 from production flow.
With the use of either the embodiment of
While the present invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of this present invention.
The following is also based upon and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/521,692, filed Jun. 18, 2004.
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