Patent Application
20080060608
Rape seed oil fatty acid (ROFA) (50.0 g, 173 mmoles) was added to a beaker with stirring. Di-n-butylamine (22.36 g, 173 mmoles) was then added to the beaker. An exotherm of was measured indicating that the two components reacted. FTIR analysis of the reaction product showed a reduction in the strong carboxylic acid peak at 1710 cm−1 compared to the starting acid, and a corresponding appearance of carboxylate antisymmetric and symmetric stretches at 1553 and 1399 cm−1 as well as the appearance of a broad range of peaks 2300-2600 cm−1 assignable to ammonium species. This was a clear indication of the formation of a salt.
Test Protocol
The protocol used is described by Graupner et al. “Injector deposit test for modern diesel engines”, Technische Akademie Esslingen, 5th International Colloquium, 12-13 Jan. 2005, 3.10, p157, Edited by Wilfried J Bartz. Briefly, the protocol aims to replicate the operating conditions in a modern diesel engine with an emphasis on the fuel injector tip. The test is split into five stages:
For the data presented herein, the five stages above were used however, stages b), c) and d) can be repeated any number of times to suit the testing programme being undertaken. Also, stages a) and e) may be omitted but are useful to improve understanding of the results. Results are reported as the difference between the average torque at the start of the test during stage a) and the average torque at the end of the test during stage e). Alternatively, if the isospeed procedure is not run, the measured difference between starting torque at full load/full speed and final load/speed can be used. Differences in smoke production are also noted. The formation of injector deposits will have a negative influence on the final power output and will increase the amount of smoke observed. The injectors used had the physical characteristics (i)-(v) described above.
To replicate the conditions expected in a modern diesel engine, a small amount of metal contamination in the form of zinc neodecanoate is added to the fuel used to ran the engine.
The fuel used was a low-sulphur content diesel fuel with the characteristics shown in Table 1 below.
The species were tested using the test protocol described above. Results are given in Table 2 below. A conventional PIBS-PAM detergent was also tested by way of comparison 0.3 ppm of Zn in the form of zinc neodecanoate was added to the fuel for all tests (except for the untreated fuel alone).
The results show that the addition of zinc to the untreated fuel gives rise to a large increase in torque loss. The commercial PIBSA-PAM detergent only gave a marginal improvement at a treat rate of 100 ppm. The PIBSA-PAM detergent was effective at high treat rate. The salt provided a greater improvement than the commercial detergent, and importantly at a lower treat rate.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06120323.8 | Sep 2006 | EP | regional |
