In many situations, it is desirable (but not necessary) for lighting to be activated as soon as a person/object of interest enters a particular area of interest. This can be accomplished by using occupancy and/or motion sensors to monitor the area of interest. When a sensor detects occupancy and/or motion, e.g., based on radiation or a change in radiation emitted in the area of interest, it sends a signal to a lighting fixture that causes the lighting fixture to illuminate the area of interest. The lighting fixture illuminates the area for as long as the sensor detects an occupant. As soon as the sensor stops detecting the occupant, a timer in the lighting fixture begins counting down a predetermined timeout or delay period during which the light remains on. The lighting fixture turns off when the delay period ends (unless the occupancy sensor detects another occupant, in which case the timer stops counting down). Consider, for example, a sensor whose timeout period is 60 seconds: if a person enters the sensor's field-of-view at 11:27:03 and stays in the field-of-view until 11:31:18, the light remains on until 11:32:18 provided that nobody else enters the field-of-view. If the predetermined timeout or delay period is too long, then the light remains on unnecessarily, wasting energy and running down its useful life. If the predetermined amount of time is too short, then the light turns off prematurely, which may be annoying and possibly dangerous as well.
Occupancy sensors sense radiation at different wavelengths, including infrared, ultrasonic, visible, and/or radio-frequency wavelengths, to detect the presence or absence of people in a space. Passive infrared (PIR) sensors sense the difference in heat emitted by humans in motion from that of the background space. These sensors detect motion within a field of view that generally requires a clear line of sight; they cannot “see” through obstacles and have limited sensitivity to minor (hand) movement at distances greater than about 15 feet. PIR sensors tend to be most sensitive to movement laterally across their respective fields of view, which can be adjusted when the sensor is installed.
PIR sensors generally are most suitable for smaller, enclosed spaces (wall switch sensors), spaces where the sensor has a view of the activity (ceiling- and wall-mounted sensors), and outdoor areas and warehouse aisles. Potentially incompatible application characteristics include low motion levels by occupants, obstacles blocking the sensor's view, mounting on sources of vibration, or mounting within six feet to eight feet of HVAC air diffusers.
Ultrasonic sensors use the Doppler principle to detect occupancy by emitting an ultrasonic high-frequency signal (e.g., 32-40 kHz) throughout a space, sensing the frequency of a signal reflected by a moving object, and interpreting a change in frequency as motion. The magnitude and sign of the change in frequency represent the speed and direction, respectively, of the object with respect to the sensor. Ultrasonic sensors do not require a direct line of sight and instead can “see” around corners and objects, although they may need a direct line of sight if fabric partition walls are prevalent. In addition, ceiling-mounted sensor effective range declines proportionally to partition height. Ultrasonic sensors are more effective for low motion activity, with high sensitivity to minor (e.g., hand) movement, typically up to 25 feet. Ultrasonic sensors tend to be most sensitive to movement towards and away from the sensor. Ultrasonic sensors typically have larger coverage areas than PIR sensors.
Ultrasonic sensors are most suitable for open spaces, spaces with obstacles, restrooms, and spaces with hard surfaces. Potentially incompatible application characteristics include high ceilings (greater than 14 feet), high levels of vibration or air flow (which can cause nuisance switching), and open spaces that require selective coverage (such as control of lighting in individual warehouse aisles).
Dual-technology sensors employ both PIR and ultrasonic technologies, activating the lights only when both technologies detect the presence of people, which virtually eliminates the possibility of false-on. Dual-technology sensors keep the lights on so long as they continue to detect the presence of people using at least one of the two sensing technologies, which significantly reduces the possibility of false-off. Appropriate applications include classrooms, conference rooms, and other spaces where a higher degree of detection may be desirable.
For effective occupancy sensing, generally required coverage area and required sensitivity are coordinated by a lighting designer/engineer. Generally the designer must determine range and coverage area for the sensor based on the desired level of sensitivity. Manufacturers of sensors publish range and coverage area for sensors in their product literature, which may be different for minor (e.g., hand) motion and major (e.g., full-body) motion. Various coverage sizes and shapes are available for each sensor type. In a small space, one sensor may easily provide sufficient coverage. In a large space, it may be desirable to partition the lighting load into zones, with each zone controlled by one sensor.
The lighting designer/engineer must also decide how long each light should remain on after the associated occupancy and/or motion sensor no longer detects motion. This timeout parameter is controlled typically in hardware, so the designer may have only a few discrete options, e.g., 30 seconds, one minute, two minutes, five minutes, etc., for a particular type of lighting fixture. The operating characteristics and requirements of the lighting fixtures often determine the minimum timeouts. For example, fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) fixtures have relatively long warm-up times, so they may have minimum timeouts of about 10-15 minutes to minimize wear and tear that would otherwise reduce the fixture life.
The timeout parameter is controlled typically by setting a switch (e.g., dual in-line package (DIP) switches), dial, or other interface on the lighting fixture itself. Once the lighting fixture is installed, it may become difficult to change the timeout settings (if they can be changed at all). For example, industrial lighting fixtures, such as the high-bay lighting fixtures that illuminate aisles in a warehouse, are often too high to be reached without a lift. Even if the fixture is relatively easy to reach, it may be impractical to change the timeout parameter because the people who own, maintain, and/or use the facility have no way to determine the appropriate or optimum timeout setting.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0273307 to Westrick et al. discloses an automated lighting system that performs adaptive scheduling based on overrides from users. More specifically, Westrick's system follows a predetermined schedule to switch a lighting fixture from an “ON” mode (in which the fixture turns on in response to a signal from an occupancy sensor) to an “OFF” mode (in which the fixture does not respond to signals from the occupancy sensor). Firmware adjusts the amount of time the system spends in “ON” mode based on how often users override the lighting controls by actuating an override switch, such as an on/off paddle switch. If the system detects a high number of overrides immediately after a period in “ON” mode, the system increases the amount of time that the system is “ON” (and decreases the amount of time that the system is “OFF”). Although Westrick's system adjusts how long a light is enabled to respond to occupancy signals, it does not change how long the light remains on in response to an occupancy signal. It also requires direct user intervention. Westrick's system does not log or record any occupancy sensor data, so it is incapable of detecting, analyzing, and responding to more complicated occupancy behavior, such changes in occupancy patterns based on the hour of the day or the day of the week.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,035,320 to Sibert discloses an illumination control network formed of luminaires whose behaviors are governed by a set of parameters, which may be selected from templates or set by direct user intervention. Sibert's luminaire has an occupancy response behavior that depends in part on a high threshold, a low threshold, and a decaying average, or running average, that represents the average output level from an occupancy sensor over a recent time interval. When the luminaire receives a signal from the occupancy sensor, it updates the running average, then compares the updated running average to the high and low thresholds. If the updated running average is lower than the low threshold, the luminaire remains off (or turns off). If the updated running average is higher than the high threshold, the luminaire turns on (or remains on) for a predetermined timeout period. If the updated running average is between the high and low thresholds, the luminaire remains in its current state until it receives another signal from the occupancy sensor or, if the luminaire is already on, until the timeout period elapses. The luminaire does not adjust the length of the timeout period in response to an occupancy signal. Like Westrick's system, Sibert's luminaires do not log or record any occupancy sensor data, so they are cannot detect, analyze, or respond to more complicated occupancy behavior, such changes in occupancy patterns based on the hour of the day or the day of the week.
One embodiment of the invention includes an occupancy sensing unit to monitor an environment illuminated by a lighting fixture and associated methods of sensing occupancy in an illuminated environment. An example occupancy sensing unit comprises an occupancy sensor, a memory operatively coupled to the occupancy sensor, and a processor operatively coupled to the memory. The sensor detects radiation indicative of an occupancy event in the environment illuminated by the lighting fixture according to sensing parameters, including but not limited to gain, threshold, offset, polling frequency, and duty cycle, and provides data representing the occupancy event. The memory logs sensor data, possibly at the direction of the processor, which performs an analysis of the sensor data logged in the memory and adjusts the sensing parameters of the occupancy sensor based on the analysis of the sensor data logged in the memory.
In a further embodiment, the occupancy sensor provides an analog signal representative of the occupancy event. An analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to the occupancy sensor provides a digital representation of the analog signal at one of a plurality of digital levels. The different levels in the plurality of digital levels represent different types of occupancy events.
The occupancy sensor may also comprise two or more sensing elements to provide one or more signals indicative of a velocity and/or a trajectory associated with the occupancy event. These signals can be used to provide sensor data that represents the velocity associated with the occupancy event. The processor may determine of a frequency with which a particular velocity and/or a particular trajectory appears in the sensor data and adjust the sensing parameters, sensor timeout, lighting fixture timeout, and/or lighting levels accordingly.
The processor may also perform other types of analysis, such as creating an n-dimensional array of the sensor data logged in the memory, wherein each dimension of the array corresponds to a parameter associated with the occupancy event. Suitable parameters include, but are not limited to: frequency, amplitude, duration, rate of change, duty cycle, time of day, day of the week, month of the year, ambient light level, and/or ambient temperature associated with the sensor data logged in the memory. The processor can partition the n-dimensional array into clusters corresponding to different types of occupancy events and adjust the sensing parameters, which include, but are not limited to sensor timeout, gain, threshold, offset, and/or sensitivity, based on the partitioning. Alternatively, or in addition, the processor can determine a distribution of a frequency (e.g., a histogram) with which the occupancy sensor detects occupancy events and, optionally, adjust the sensing parameters based on the frequency distribution.
The processor may also place the LED in an inactive state after elapsation of a sensor delay following an end of the at least one occupancy event (as shown, for example, by a change in state of an output from the occupancy sensor). In addition, the processor can vary the length of the sensor delay based on its analysis of the logged sensor data.
Another exemplary occupancy sensing unit can include a communications interface to provide sensor data and/or a signal indicative of the occupancy event to a controller of a lighting fixture, a lighting management system, and/or another occupancy sensing unit. Such an occupancy sensing unit may be combined with or coupled to a light-emitting diode (LED) lighting fixture that includes one or more LEDs to illuminate the environment and a controller, operatively coupled to the LEDs and to the occupancy sensing unit, to actuate the LEDs in response to a signal indicative of an occupancy event. The controller can set the LEDs to a first lighting level in response to a signal indicative of a first type of occupancy event, and to a second lighting level in response to a signal indicative of a second type of occupancy event. Alternatively, or in addition, the controller can change a light level of the LEDs after a first elapsed time in response to a signal indicative of a first type of occupancy event, and change the light level of the LEDs after a second elapsed time in response to a signal indicative of a second type of occupancy event.
Yet another embodiment includes a lighting system to provide variable occupancy-based illumination of an environment. Such a lighting system comprises a plurality of lighting fixtures, each of which includes a light source to illuminate the environment, an occupancy sensor to respond to an occupancy event, a communications interface, a memory, and a controller. The occupancy sensor provides a first occupancy signal representing the occupancy event, which is logged to memory and transmitted to other lighting fixture in the plurality of lighting fixtures via the communications interface. The communications interface also receives a second occupancy signal from another lighting fixture in the plurality of lighting fixtures, and the memory stores sensor data representing the second occupancy signal as well. The controller, which is operatively coupled to the light source, the communications interface, and the memory, places the light source in an inactive state after elapsation of a delay period following an end of the at least one occupancy event (as shown, for example, by a change in state of the first and/or second occupancy signals). The controller performs an analysis of the sensor data logged in the memory, adjusts the delay period based on the analysis of the sensor data logged in the memory, and may optionally control a light level of the light source based at least in part on the first and second occupancy signals. In some cases, at least two of the plurality of lighting fixtures are configured to provide respective signals indicative of a velocity and/or a trajectory associated with an occupancy event.
As referred to herein, an “occupancy event” is any type of detectable incursion by or presence of a person or object into a space monitored by an occupancy sensor. Occupancy events include, but are not limited to: entry of a person or vehicle into a space monitored by an occupancy sensor and the presence of a person or object in a space monitored by an occupancy sensor. Detectable signatures of occupancy events include, but are not limited to: thermal radiation (i.e., heat) emitted by persons or objects, images of persons or objects, radiation reflected by persons objects, and Doppler shifts of radiation reflected by moving persons or moving objects.
As referred to herein, “sensor timeout” or “sensor delay” is the time elapsed between the end of an occupancy event (i.e., when the occupancy sensor stops seeing activity) and the moment that the lighting fixture goes into an “inactive” state. Similarly, a “lighting fixture timeout” or “lighting fixture delay” is the time between when the sensor output indicates the end of an occupancy event and the moment that the lighting fixture goes into an “inactive” state. In one example, the occupancy sensor has a sensor timeout (e.g., 30 seconds) that is fixed in hardware, and the processor implements a lighting fixture timeout that can be varied from about zero seconds to over four hours (e.g., 16,384 seconds) in increments of one second. The processor uses the variable lighting fixture timeout to provide an adjustable amount of time between the end of occupancy event and the moment that the lighting fixture goes into an “inactive” state. In other examples, the sensor timeout and lighting fixture timeout may coincident, in which case they are referred to collectively as a “timeout” or “delay.”
The following U.S. published applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference: U.S. publication no. 2009-0267540-A1, published Oct. 29, 2009, filed Apr. 14, 2009, and entitled “Modular Lighting Systems”; U.S. publication no. 2010-0296285-A1, published Nov. 25, 2010, filed Jun. 17, 2010, and entitled “Fixture with Rotatable Light Modules”; U.S. publication no. 2010-0301773-A1, published Dec. 2, 2010, filed Jun. 24, 2010, and entitled “Fixture with Individual Light Module Dimming;” U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/510,173, filed on Jul. 21, 2011, and entitled “Lighting Fixture”; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/555,075, filed on Nov. 3, 2011, and entitled “Methods, Apparatus, and Systems for Intelligent Lighting.”
It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. It should also be appreciated that terminology explicitly employed herein that also may appear in any disclosure incorporated by reference should be accorded a meaning most consistent with the particular concepts disclosed herein.
The skilled artisan will understand that the drawings primarily are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive subject matter described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; in some instances, various aspects of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein may be shown exaggerated or enlarged in the drawings to facilitate an understanding of different features. In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to like features (e.g., functionally similar and/or structurally similar elements).
Following below are more detailed descriptions of various concepts related to, and embodiments of, inventive systems, methods, and apparatus for occupancy sensing. Inventive aspects include tailoring an occupancy sensor system to provide increased performance for industrial facilities, warehouses, cold storage facilities, etc. The inventive occupancy sensor methods, apparatus, and systems described herein also facilitate accurately sensing occupancy as well as harvesting occupancy data, e.g., for use in various lighting and energy conservation purposes. Inventive occupancy sensing units may report the harvested data back to an integral processor and/or external management system that use the harvested data to change lighting fixture behaviors, such as light levels and timeout parameters, so as to reduce energy consumption and increase safety based on actual occupancy patterns. It should be appreciated that various concepts introduced above and discussed in greater detail below may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts are not limited to any particular manner of implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.
Inventive aspects of the occupancy sensing units include, but are not limited to: tunable occupancy sensing, self-learning occupancy sensing, cooperative occupancy sensing, and dual-function sensing that facilitate mapping and other functionality. Tunable occupancy sensing units may employ software-based tuning of the occupancy sensor gain and cutoff characteristics for improving the precision of occupancy event detection and classification. In some cases, a sensor may be tuned to enhance detection of and discrimination among multiple object types (e.g., a person on foot, a moving forklift, etc.). Tuning can be used in conjunction with self-learning to set timeouts, active light levels, and inactive light levels based on patterns in past occupancy data. Past occupancy data can also be used to determine signatures associated with particular types of occupant activities. Some occupancy sensing units may even include cameras, radio-frequency antennas (e.g., Bluetooth sniffers), and other sensors to capture additional historical data for analysis. Inventive occupancy sensing units may also share both real-time and historical occupancy sensing data with each other to increase detection reliability, to identify malfunctioning sensors, and to provide more flexible lighting responses.
More specifically, upon detection of an occupancy event, the processor 130 may send a signal to one or more light-emitting diode (LED) drivers 140, which respond to the signal by changing the amount of light emitted by one or more LED light bars 142. The processor 130 may continue transmitting the signal to the LED drivers 140 for as long as the occupancy sensor 110 detects occupancy, or it may send a second signal to the LED drivers 140 as soon as the occupancy 110 stops detecting occupancy (i.e., when the occupancy event ends). At this point, the lighting fixture 100 enters a delay or timeout period during which the LED light bars 142 remain in the active state (or possibly transition to a state of intermediate activity, e.g., 50% illumination). Once the delay period has elapsed, as indicated by the change in state of a signal from the processor 130 and/or the LED driver 142, the LED light bars 142 enter an inactive state (e.g., they turn off or emit light at a very low level). As described below, the processor 130 may adjust the delay period and/or the light levels based on its analysis of logged sensor data.
The lighting fixture 100 also includes a temperature sensor 180, which can optionally be integrated into the occupancy sensing unit 102, along with other sensors, including but not limited to ambient light sensors (e.g., photocells), sensors for tracking radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, cameras, and even other types of occupancy sensors. These additional sensors (not shown) may be coupled to the processor 130 via one or more digital input/output ports 164 and/or one or more analog input ports 166.
A communications interface 160 coupled to the processor 130 may, optionally, be incorporated into the occupancy sensing unit 102 if desired. The communications interface 160, which is coupled to an antenna 162, provides the occupancy sensing unit 102 with access to a wireless communications network, such as a local area network or the Internet. The occupancy sensing unit 102 may transmit raw or processed occupancy data to other a database, other lighting fixtures, or other occupancy sensing units via the communications interface 160. It may also receive occupancy data, firmware or software updates, predicted environmental data (e.g., temperature and ambient light level data), commissioning information, or any other suitable information from other sources, e.g., other lighting fixtures, occupancy sensing units, or external controllers.
The lighting fixture 100 also includes a real-time clock 170 that can also, optionally, be incorporated into the occupancy sensing unit 102 if desired. The real-time clock 170 provides time-stamp information on as needed or periodic basis to the memory 120 and the processor 130, which may store or tag the occupancy data with time stamps to indicate when the data was collected. The real-time clock 170 may also be used to time or coordinate the sensor/lighting fixture delay period and to synchronize the occupancy sensing unit 102 to other devices, systems, or communications networks.
A hardware power meter 150 coupled to the processor 102 meters alternating-current (AC) power (e.g., 120 VAC at 60 Hz) from an AC power input 156. The hardware power meter 150 provides the processor 130 with metering data representing the amount and rates of power consumption as a function of time. A low-voltage power supply 152 coupled to the power meter 150 transforms the AC power into low-voltage (e.g., 5 V) direct-current (DC) power suitable for running the processor 130 and/or other low-voltage electrical components in the lighting fixture. A high-voltage power supply 154 coupled to the power meter 150 transforms the AC power into high-voltage DC power suitable for running the LED driver 140 and the LED light bars 142. The low-voltage power supply 152 and/or the high-voltage power supply 154 may filter and/or otherwise condition the AC power as desired.
Alternatively, the lighting fixture 100 (and occupancy sensing unit 102) may draw power from an external DC power supply, such as a rechargeable battery. Such an embodiment may include one or more DC-DC power converters coupled to a DC power input and configured to step up or step down the DC power as desired or necessary for proper operation of the electronic components in the lighting fixture 100 (and occupancy sensing unit 102). For instance, the DC-DC power converter(s) may supply DC voltages suitable for logic operations (e.g., 5 VDC) and for powering electronic components (e.g., 12 VDC).
Occupancy Sensors and Sensor Configurations
While the configuration of the facilities in which the occupancy sensor system may be used can be quite varied, there are certain attributes of the functionality of occupancy sensing in warehouses and distribution centers that are based on mounting heights, positions, and angles. Therefore, an occupancy sensor as described herein may work for a variety of installation locations in a warehouse or distribution center including without limitation: racked aisles, ends of aisles, cross-aisles, and open spaces. The occupancy sensor design overcomes limitations found in existing designs which are typically either 360 degrees for open areas, or a long lobe of sensitivity for aisle applications.
To provide 360-degree monitoring and/or enhanced monitoring in certain directions, an occupancy sensor design may include multiple sensors and/or multiple sensing elements, which may be configured in various ways. One example is to align and overlap two or more sensing elements along one axis (e.g., for use in aisles). Another example is to position two or more sensing elements to provide angled fields of view, e.g., fields of view whose optical axes are offset from each other and/or oriented with respect to each other at an angle of about 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, or any other desired or suitable angle. Various combinations of angled and offset sensing regions, when combined with processing and optimization capabilities provided by an inventive occupancy sensing unit, may provide a desired degree of sensitivity and configurability. An exemplary occupancy sensor design may fulfill the needs of multiple applications with a single embodiment by supporting occupancy sensing within two or more long lobes (e.g., for aisles in a warehouse) and in a 360-degree zone for open environments or where the sensor is approached from multiple directions. Networked control of lights may benefit from the improved sensing resolution of the inventive occupancy sensor to further facilitate operation based on “local control” that facilitates control of multiple lights or lighting fixtures (e.g., in a predetermined zone) by a single occupancy sensing unit (e.g., on a single lighting fixture or disposed remotely).
The lighting fixture 100 or occupancy sensing unit 102 may also include an accelerometer (not shown) coupled to the processor 130 to provide a signal representative of swaying, vibration, or other movement of the occupancy sensor 110. Because the occupancy sensor 110 detects relative motion, swaying or other movement of the occupancy sensor 110 may result in “false positive” detections. The processor 130 may use the signal from the accelerometer to determine the velocity of the occupancy sensor 130 and to compensate for the occupancy sensor's motion when determining and classifying signals from the occupancy sensor 110. If the processor 130 detects that the occupancy sensor's velocity varies periodically, for example, the processor 130 may determine that the occupancy sensor 110 is swaying and subtract the sensor's velocity from the detected velocity of the moving objects in the sensor's field of view. (Alternatively, or in addition, the occupancy sensor mounting may be made more rigid to reduce or prevent swaying.)
Suitable occupancy sensors may provide adjustable sensing areas with one or more sensing elements, including but not limited to passive infrared (PIR) sensing elements, a visible or infrared camera, ultrasonic sensing elements, radio-frequency antennas (e.g., for radar), or combinations thereof (e.g., as in hybrid PIR/ultrasonic devices). The occupancy sensor 110 shown in
The sensing elements 112 and lenses 114 can be selected and/or adjusted to ensure that the occupancy sensor's aggregate field of view (i.e., the combination of individual fields of view 116) encompasses certain portions of the illuminated environment. In some cases, the fields of view 116 may be arranged such that the occupancy sensor 100 detects a moving object, such as a person or vehicle (e.g., a forklift), before the moving object enters the illuminated environment. (In these cases, one or more of the fields of view 116 may extend beyond the area illuminated by the lighting fixture 100.) The processor 130 estimates the moving object's velocity and predicts the moving object's trajectory from the occupancy sensor data; if the processor 130 determines the that moving object is going to enter the illuminated area, it turns on the lighting fixture 100 soon enough to provide sufficient illumination for safety purposes. For example, the processor 130 may estimate that the object is a forklift moving at about 25 mph based on the amplitude and variation(s) in occupancy sensor data and turn on the lights about 40-50 seconds before the forklift enters the illuminated area to ensure that the forklift operator can see a distance equal to or greater than the stopping distance of the forklift. If the processor 130 estimates that the object is a person walking at about 5 mph, it may turn the lights on only about 20-30 seconds before the person enters the illuminated area. The processor 130 may also determine how long the lighting fixture 100 remains on based on the object's estimated velocity, e.g., it may reduce the sensor delay for objects moving at higher speeds and increase the sensor delay for objects moving at lower speeds.
In other cases, the sensing elements 112 and lenses 114 may also be arranged to ensure that other portions of the illuminated environment or vicinity do not fall within the aggregate field of view. For instance, fields of view 116 may be arranged during or after installation to prevent a person or vehicle at edge of the illuminated environment or outside the illuminated environment from triggering the occupancy sensor 110 prematurely or inadvertently. Similarly, predictable, consistent occupancy sensing may facilitate reporting of energy usage to a utility provider (e.g., for measurement and verification, or demand response actions, and the like), such as in the case of remotely mounted sensors, or sensors controlling more than one fixture (e.g., through a network). The fields of view 116 may also be adjusted (on a regular basis, if desired) based on traffic patterns, occupancy patterns, energy consumption, and other factors derived from analysis of the occupancy sensor data logged by the occupancy sensing unit 102.
Referring again to
The occupancy sensor 110 can be mounted a height of about seven meters to about fourteen meters (e.g., eight meters, ten meters, twelve meters, or any other suitable height) to provide varying amounts of floor coverage. At a mounting height of fourteen meters, for example, the occupancy sensor 110 may have a detection radius of about nine meters; reducing the mounting height to about ten meters reduces the floor detection radius to about seven meters, and at a mounting height of about seven meters, the floor detection radius may be about five meters. Alternatively, the occupancy sensor 110 may have lenses 114 selected and mounted such that the floor detection radius varies more or less gradually with mounting height.
The occupancy sensing unit 102 may be an integral part of a lighting fixture, as shown in
The occupancy sensing unit 102 may be configured to detect (and identify) objects moving at speeds of anywhere from walking speed (about 0.6 m/s) to the driving speed of a forklift or similar vehicle (about 10 mph). The occupancy sensor(s) 110 in the occupancy sensing unit 102 may be rotatable, e.g., through at least about 90 degrees and up to about 180 degrees, either by hand, via a remote-controlled actuator, or both by hand or by remote control. The occupancy sensing unit 102 may have an operating temperature of about −40° C. to about +40° C. (or even +50° C.) and a storage temperature of about −40° C. to about +60° C. It may also operate in conditions of about 20% to about 90% humidity.
Processing and Storing Occupancy Sensor Data
As well understood by those of skill in the art, each sensing element 112 in the occupancy sensor 110 produces an analog signal 201, such as a photocurrent, whose magnitude is directly proportional to the strength of detected radiation. Depending on the sensor design, the analog signals 201 from the sensing elements 112 are either processed separately or multiplexed together to form a single analog output. Alternatively, the signals may be multiplexed together after they have been digitized.
In the example shown in
The processor 130 can also measure how long the amplitude of the digital signal 300 exceeds any one of the thresholds and use this measurement as a classification criterion. For instance, if the digital signal 300 exceeds a given threshold only briefly (i.e., for less than a minimum duration 310), the processor 130 may discard the data point as spurious. The processor 130 may also compute the average signal amplitude over a given window and/or the rate of change in signal strength (i.e., the derivative of the signal amplitude with respect to time); if the signal amplitude changes too quickly or too slowly to represent an occupancy event, then the processor 130 may discard or ignore the data.
The processor 130 may also learn and identify patterns in the digital signals 300 that represent particular types of occupancy events. For example, in cases where each sensing element 112 provides a separate digital signal 300, the digital signals 300 from each sensing element may successively increase, then decrease, as a moving object passes through the fields of view 116. The processor 130 determines the object's direction of movement from the order in which the digital signals 300 change; it determines the object's speed from how quickly the digital signals 300 change, either by taking the derivative of each signal individually, by estimating the object's change in position over time from the peaks in the different signals, or both. The processor 130 uses its estimate of object velocity to turn on lights in the object's predicted path and to turn off lights shortly after the object's predicted departure from the illuminated area (rather than simply turning off the lights after a fixed timeout period).
The processor 130 may also set or vary the light levels for different types of occupancy events. For instance, the processor 130 may turn on all the lights to 100% illumination when it detects a moving vehicle. It may also turn on these lights gradually, especially at night, to avoid blinding the vehicle's driver. In other examples, the processor 130 may turn on lights to relatively low levels (e.g., 30%) at night to preserve a person's night vision.
The processor 130 also logs representations of the digital signals 300 in the memory 120. These representations, or historical occupancy sensor data, may be stored in a raw format, as processed data (e.g., with time stamps from the real-time clock 170 or other timing device), or both. The processor 130 may also log representations of its responses to occupancy signals 300 (e.g., data representing commands such as “turn on light bars 1 and 2 at 50% of maximum amplitude for five minutes”) as well as data about the occupancy sensing unit 102 and lighting fixture 100 including, but not limited to: gain, offset, and threshold values of the occupancy sensor 110; the age, operating status, power consumption rates, of the system components and the system itself; etc. The memory 120 may store data from other sensors, including, but not limited to data concerning temperature, time (including hour, day, and month), ambient light levels, humidity, etc.
Analyzing Logged Occupancy Sensor Data
As stated above, the memory 120 in the occupancy sensing unit 102 may store a variety of data, including the two types of raw data shown in
Even the simple, binary case illustrated in
Placing the raw data plotted in
The raw data also show that the status of the illuminated environment is never “off and occupied,” which indicates that the occupancy sensing unit 102 is not experiencing “false negatives,” i.e., the occupancy sensing unit 102 has not detected every occupancy event that occurred in the twenty-four-hour period under examination. If the status of the illuminated space is ever “off and occupied,” indicating that the occupancy sensing unit 102 had failed to detect or respond to an occupancy event (or had been overridden), then the processor 130 may adjust the occupancy sensor settings to lower detection thresholds (e.g., decrease threshold 302 in
Analyzing an extended data as a function of time and/or frequency yields a more complete picture of the occupancy patterns associated with a particular illuminated environment. For instance,
The processor 130 may use the occupancy pattern(s) revealed by a frequency distribution of occupancy events, such as the histogram shown in
The processor 130 in the occupancy sensing unit 102 may identify and use patterns shown in the histograms of
Adjusting Sensor Detection Parameters Based on Stored Occupancy Sensor Data
Illustrative occupancy sensing units may further benefit warehouse and other LED light applications by learning occupancy patterns so as to adjust the occupancy sensors and/or light fixtures. For example, learned occupancy patterns based on detected occupancy events (e.g., coming and going) may provide some indication of a behavioral signature for certain individuals or objects entering an occupancy sensing area. Certain times of the work day may be found to have higher occupancy activity in certain areas of the facility. Lights in those areas, and perhaps leading up to those areas, may be kept on longer once an occupancy event has been detected during more active times of day.
When mixed occupancy events (e.g., a moving electric forklift and a walking human) are detected in adjacent or nearby areas, the processor 130 may apply certain operational rules, such as safety rules, when processing occupancy sensor data so that additional or key safety areas (e.g., ends of aisles) are well lit. In addition, different types of warehouse activities may benefit from different lighting. Occupancy detection may provide an indication as to the type of activity based on the dwell time of an occupant in a region. Someone performing an audit or inventory count may tend to stay in a particular area of the inventory aisles for longer periods of time than for someone simply picking a part.
The occupancy sensing unit 102 may include hardware, firmware, and/or software that controls the gain, offset, threshold, polling frequency, and/or polling duty cycle of each sensing element 112 in the occupancy sensor 110. For instance, each sensing element 112 may be coupled to an individually tunable occupancy sensor circuit that controls the operating mode (on, off, standby, etc.), gain, sensitivity, delay, hysteresis, etc., of the sensing element 112. Such a circuit may be tuned locally by the processor 130 or over a network for different illuminated environments. For instance, the sensor 110 or individual sensing elements 112 may be tuned for the differences between humans and fork trucks based on temperature signatures, velocities, field of view orientations, ambient light levels (e.g., due to proximity to a window), etc. mined from stored sensor data.
The occupancy sensing unit 102 may include hardware, firmware, and/or software that controls the sensing parameters (e.g., gain, offset, threshold, polling frequency, and/or polling duty cycle) of each sensing element 112 in the occupancy sensor 110. For instance, each sensing element 112 may be coupled to an individually tunable occupancy sensor circuit that controls the operating mode (on, off, standby, etc.), gain, sensitivity, delay, hysteresis, etc., of the sensing element 112. Such a circuit may be tuned locally by the processor 130 or over a network for different illuminated environments. For instance, the sensor 110 or individual sensing elements 112 may be tuned for the differences between humans and fork trucks based on temperature signatures, velocities, field of view orientations, ambient light levels (e.g., due to proximity to a window), etc. mined from stored sensor data.
Conversely, the sensor operation illustrated in
In some embodiments, the automated data classification techniques performed by the processor may include “cluster analysis,” which is the assignment of a set of objects into groups (called clusters) based on common characteristics. Objects in a particular cluster tend to be more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to objects in other clusters. One example of basic cluster analysis involves creating a scatter plot of detected occupancy events versus two mutually exclusive parameters, such as time of day and estimated object velocity, then dividing the points on the scatter plot into clusters. For instance, the points can be grouped based on their mean distance from each other or from a “centroid,” or central vector. Alternatively, points can be grouped into clusters using distribution models, density models, or subspace models as understood in the art. The processor may infer occupancy patterns and behaviors from the size, location (with respect to the parameters), and number of elements in a particular cluster. Other suitable automated data classification techniques include, but are not limited to: machine learning, pattern recognition, image analysis, information retrieval, and data mining.
After the processor 130 (or a user) has classified each cluster, the processor 130 (or user) may estimate the mean, median, and range of parameters associated with each particular class of object. For instance, the processor 130 may determine that people move at a rates of 0.1 m/s to 0.6 m/s with a mean speed of 0.4 m/s. Given knowledge of the size of the illuminated area, the processor 130 may adjust the sensor timeout or the lighting fixture timeout to match or exceed a person's mean (or maximum) travel time through the illuminated environment.
Adding additional parameters to the parameter space further enhances the processor's ability to tailor the lighting and to reduce energy consumption. For instance, the processor 130 may also infer the most common trajectory through the illuminated area by computing which occupancy sensor(s) detected the plotted occupancy events. It may also determine that different types of objects take different paths. For instance, a multidimensional parameter map with the parameters direction, speed, and size may show that vehicles may travel down a central aisle, whereas people may travel along narrower aisles branching off the central aisle. All of the classifications can be used to tune the sensor detection and response parameters, including timeout, gain, offset, and threshold.
Adjusting Sensor Delay Based on Analysis of Stored Occupancy Sensor Data
Inventive occupancy sensing units are also capable of determining an optimal value of the sensor delay and adjusting the sensor delay accordingly. If the sensor delay is too long, then the lighting fixture remains on unnecessarily, wasting energy; if the sensor delay is too short, then the lighting fixture turns off too soon (i.e., when the illuminated environment is still occupied), which impairs safety, productivity, and comfort. In a conventional occupancy sensor, the sensor delay parameter is hard-coded into the sensor via a DIP switch, button, or other manual interface. Changing the sensor delay of a conventional sensor requires manually actuating the switch on sensor, which can be difficult, dangerous, and time-consuming for a sensor mounted on a high-bay lighting fixture fourteen feet above the ground. In addition, even if the sensor delay can be changed, there is no way to determine an “optimal” sensor delay setting for a conventional sensor because the conventional sensor does not record or analyze historical data.
In one example, an inventive occupancy sensing unit has an adjustable sensor delay (“timeouts”) that can be adjusted by the processor in the occupancy sensing unit according to the processes 900 and 950 shown in
Next, the processor adjusts the sensor parameters based on the histograms created or updated in block 904. In process 900, shown in
Cooperative Occupancy Sensing
The lighting engine 1100 includes a harvesting engine 1002, which may be implemented in a general-purpose computer processor or as an application-specific processor, that is communicatively coupled to each occupancy sensing unit 102 via a communications network, such as a radio-frequency wireless communications network, an infrared communications network, or a wire- or optical fiber-based communications network. The harvesting engine 1002 retrieves time-stamped occupancy sensing data 104 from the local memory 120 in each occupancy sensing unit 102 on a periodic or as-needed basis as in block 1054 of
The lighting engine 1100 also includes an event processor 1006 coupled to the event database 1004. Like the harvesting engine 1002, the event processor 1006 can be implemented in a general-purpose computer processor or as an application-specific processor. The event processor 1006 transforms the time-stamped data in the aggregated event database 1004 into an interval-based form display as in block 1058 of
The lighting engine 1100 and lighting fixtures 100 (and possibly separate occupancy sensing units 102) are commissioned and connected to each other to form a wireless network (i.e., the lighting system 1000). In one example, occupancy sensing units 102 are installed on existing high-bay lighting fixtures 102 in a cold-storage facility and connected to a power supply, such as an AC power line. An installer commissions the occupancy sensing units 102 with a wireless device, such as a laptop computer, smart phone, or personal digital assistant, by sending a commissioning signal to each occupancy sensing unit 102 from the wireless device while walking through the cold-storage facility (as opposed to commissioning each sensing unit 102 by hand).
Once installed, the occupancy sensing units 102 can communicate with each other directly via their respective communications interfaces 160 or indirectly via a central controller, such as the event processor 1006 in the lighting engine 1100. The occupancy sensing units 102 may be coupled to each other (and to the event processor 1000) via a wireless network (e.g., a Zigbee® network) or a wired network (e.g., an Ethernet network). The occupancy sensing units 102 may exchange signals, such as “heartbeat” signals representing current operating status, on a periodic basis. They may also distribute raw or processed occupancy sensing information. For instance, an occupancy sensing unit 102 at the head of a warehouse aisle may detect an occupancy event, then broadcast an indication of the occupancy event to every occupancy sensing unit 102 in the vicinity. Alternatively, the occupancy sensing unit 102 at the head of the warehouse aisle may detect and identify a moving object, predict the object's trajectory, and send indications of the object's predicted trajectory to those occupancy sensing units 102 along the object's predicted trajectory. The notified occupancy sensing units 102 may then activate their respective lighting fixtures 100 to illuminate the predicted trajectory.
In addition to exchanging occupancy information, the occupancy sensing units 102 may identify and compensate for malfunctioning occupancy sensing units 102. Consider an aisle monitored by three occupancy sensing units 102 and illuminated by three lighting fixtures 100 arranged along the aisle. A person must enter the aisle either from one end or from the other, so the middle occupancy sensing units 102 may not be able to detect an occupancy event without one of the other occupancy sensing units 102 seeing occupancy first. If the occupancy sensing units 102 on the ends detect objects moving along the aisle (e.g., they detect occupancy sensing events at an interval about equal to the time it takes to walk from one end of the aisle to the other), they may determine that the middle occupancy sensing unit 102 is broken and activate the middle lighting fixture 100. Similarly, if the middle occupancy sensing unit 102 detects an occupancy event but the occupancy sensing units 102 on the ends of the aisle do not detect anything, the middle occupancy sensing unit 102 may be broken. In some instances, these indications may be used to tune or re-calibrate the gain, offset, and threshold settings of the malfunctioning occupancy sensing unit 102.
While various inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.
The above-described embodiments can be implemented in any of numerous ways. For example, the embodiments may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, the software code can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers.
Further, it should be appreciated that a computer may be embodied in any of a number of forms, such as a rack-mounted computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer. Additionally, a computer may be embedded in a device not generally regarded as a computer but with suitable processing capabilities, including a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a smart phone or any other suitable portable or fixed electronic device.
Also, a computer may have one or more input and output devices. These devices can be used, among other things, to present a user interface. Examples of output devices that can be used to provide a user interface include printers or display screens for visual presentation of output and speakers or other sound generating devices for audible presentation of output. Examples of input devices that can be used for a user interface include keyboards, and pointing devices, such as mice, touch pads, and digitizing tablets. As another example, a computer may receive input information through speech recognition or in other audible format.
Such computers may be interconnected by one or more networks in any suitable form, including a local area network or a wide area network, such as an enterprise network, and intelligent network (IN) or the Internet. Such networks may be based on any suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol and may include wireless networks, wired networks or fiber optic networks.
The various methods or processes outlined herein may be coded as software that is executable on one or more processors that employ any one of a variety of operating systems or platforms. Additionally, such software may be written using any of a number of suitable programming languages and/or programming or scripting tools, and also may be compiled as executable machine language code or intermediate code that is executed on a framework or virtual machine.
In this respect, various inventive concepts may be embodied as a computer readable storage medium (or multiple computer readable storage media) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compact discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, circuit configurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductor devices, or other non-transitory medium or tangible computer storage medium) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more computers or other processors, perform methods that implement the various embodiments of the invention discussed above. The computer readable medium or media can be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon can be loaded onto one or more different computers or other processors to implement various aspects of the present invention as discussed above.
The terms “program” or “software” are used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions that can be employed to program a computer or other processor to implement various aspects of embodiments as discussed above. Additionally, it should be appreciated that according to one aspect, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of the present invention need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modular fashion amongst a number of different computers or processors to implement various aspects of the present invention.
Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in any suitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may be shown to have fields that are related through location in the data structure. Such relationships may likewise be achieved by assigning storage for the fields with locations in a computer-readable medium that convey relationship between the fields. However, any suitable mechanism may be used to establish a relationship between information in fields of a data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or other mechanisms that establish relationship between data elements.
Also, various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.
All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.
The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”
The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.
In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the eighth edition as revised in July 2010 of the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures, Section 2111.03.
This application claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 120, as a continuation application of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 13/289,492, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,014,829, filed on Nov. 4, 2011, and entitled “Method, Apparatus, and System for Occupancy Sensing,” which in turn claims the priority benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/409,991, filed on Nov. 4, 2010, and entitled “Occupancy Sensor,” which applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2899541 | De Mauro | Aug 1957 | A |
D185410 | Bodian | Jun 1959 | S |
D191530 | Zurawski | Oct 1961 | S |
D200548 | Reeves | Mar 1965 | S |
4194181 | Brundage | Mar 1980 | A |
4217646 | Caltagirone et al. | Aug 1980 | A |
4277691 | Lunn | Jul 1981 | A |
4298922 | Hardwick | Nov 1981 | A |
4558275 | Borowy et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
4755920 | Tinley | Jul 1988 | A |
4772825 | Tabor et al. | Sep 1988 | A |
4780731 | Creutzmann et al. | Oct 1988 | A |
D300471 | Szymanek | Mar 1989 | S |
4873469 | Young et al. | Oct 1989 | A |
5055985 | Fabbri | Oct 1991 | A |
5144222 | Herbert | Sep 1992 | A |
5323334 | Meyers et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5430356 | Ference et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
5455487 | Mix et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5521852 | Hibbs et al. | May 1996 | A |
5521853 | Hibbs et al. | May 1996 | A |
D374301 | Kleffman | Oct 1996 | S |
5566084 | Cmar | Oct 1996 | A |
5572237 | Crooks et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
5572239 | Jaegar | Nov 1996 | A |
5640792 | Smith et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5655833 | Raczynski | Aug 1997 | A |
5668446 | Baker | Sep 1997 | A |
5739639 | Johnson | Apr 1998 | A |
5753983 | Dickie et al. | May 1998 | A |
5764146 | Baldwin et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5895986 | Walters et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5914865 | Barbehenn et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5945993 | Fleischmann | Aug 1999 | A |
5971597 | Baldwin et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
6016038 | Mueller et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6025679 | Harper et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6028396 | Morrissey, Jr. et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6028597 | Ryan et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6035266 | Williams et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6092913 | Edwards, Jr. | Jul 2000 | A |
6097419 | Morris et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6113137 | Mizutani et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6118230 | Fleischmann | Sep 2000 | A |
6150774 | Mueller et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6151529 | Batko | Nov 2000 | A |
6160359 | Fleischmann | Dec 2000 | A |
6166496 | Lys et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6211626 | Lys et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6257735 | Baar | Jul 2001 | B1 |
D447266 | Verfuerth | Aug 2001 | S |
6292901 | Lys et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6340868 | Lys et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6359555 | Williams | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6370489 | Williams et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
D457667 | Piepgras et al. | May 2002 | S |
D457669 | Piepgras et al. | May 2002 | S |
D457974 | Piepgras et al. | May 2002 | S |
6384722 | Williams | May 2002 | B1 |
6388399 | Eckel et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6393381 | Williams et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
D458395 | Piepgras et al. | Jun 2002 | S |
D460735 | Verfuerth | Jul 2002 | S |
6415205 | Myron et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6415245 | Williams et al. | Jul 2002 | B2 |
6428183 | McAlpin | Aug 2002 | B1 |
D463059 | Verfuerth | Sep 2002 | S |
D463610 | Piepgras et al. | Sep 2002 | S |
6452339 | Morrissey et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6452340 | Morrissey, Jr. et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6456960 | Williams et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6459919 | Lys et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6466190 | Evoy | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6467933 | Baar | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6486790 | Perlo et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
D468035 | Blanc et al. | Dec 2002 | S |
6491412 | Bowman et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6517218 | Hochstein | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6528954 | Lys et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6548967 | Dowling et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6577080 | Lys et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6585396 | Verfuerth | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6604062 | Williams et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6608453 | Morgan et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
D479826 | Verfuerth et al. | Sep 2003 | S |
6624597 | Dowling et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6641284 | Stopa et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6652119 | Barton | Nov 2003 | B1 |
D483332 | Verfuerth | Dec 2003 | S |
6710588 | Verfuerth et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6714895 | Williams et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6717376 | Lys et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6720745 | Lys et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6724180 | Verfuerth et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
D491678 | Piepgras | Jun 2004 | S |
D492042 | Piepgras | Jun 2004 | S |
6746274 | Verfuerth | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6748299 | Motoyama | Jun 2004 | B1 |
6758580 | Verfuerth | Jul 2004 | B1 |
D494700 | Hartman et al. | Aug 2004 | S |
6774584 | Lys et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6774619 | Verfuerth et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6777891 | Lys et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6781329 | Mueller et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6788011 | Mueller et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6791458 | Baldwin | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6798341 | Eckel et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6801003 | Schanberger et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6806659 | Mueller et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6807516 | Williams et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6841944 | Morrissey et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6869204 | Morgan et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6883929 | Dowling | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6888322 | Dowling et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6892168 | Williams et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6909921 | Bilger | Jun 2005 | B1 |
6933627 | Wilhelm | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6936978 | Morgan et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6964502 | Verfuerth | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6965205 | Piepgras et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6967448 | Morgan et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6969954 | Lys | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6975079 | Lys et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
7002546 | Stuppi et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
D518218 | Roberge et al. | Mar 2006 | S |
7014336 | Ducharme et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
7019276 | Cloutier et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7031920 | Dowling et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7038398 | Lys et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
7038399 | Lys et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7042172 | Dowling et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7062360 | Fairlie et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7064498 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7093952 | Ono et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7113541 | Lys et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
7132635 | Dowling | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7132785 | Ducharme | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7132804 | Lys et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7135824 | Lys et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7139617 | Morgan et al. | Nov 2006 | B1 |
7160140 | Mrakovich et al. | Jan 2007 | B1 |
7161311 | Mueller et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7161313 | Piepgras et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7161556 | Morgan et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7178941 | Roberge et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7180252 | Lys et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
D538462 | Verfuerth et al. | Mar 2007 | S |
7186003 | Dowling et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7187141 | Mueller et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7190121 | Rose et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7199531 | Loughrey | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7202613 | Morgan et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7204622 | Dowling et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
7220015 | Dowling | May 2007 | B2 |
7220018 | Crabb et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7221104 | Lys et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7228190 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7231060 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7233115 | Lys | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7233831 | Blackwell | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7236366 | Chen | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7242152 | Dowling et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7248239 | Dowling et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
D548868 | Roberge et al. | Aug 2007 | S |
7253566 | Lys et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7255457 | Ducharme et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7256554 | Lys | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7256556 | Lane et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7274160 | Mueller et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7274975 | Miller | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7300192 | Mueller et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
D557817 | Verfuerth | Dec 2007 | S |
7303300 | Dowling et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7308296 | Lys et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7309965 | Dowling et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7311423 | Frecska et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
D560469 | Bartol et al. | Jan 2008 | S |
D562494 | Piepgras Colin | Feb 2008 | S |
7333903 | Walters et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7344279 | Mueller et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7344296 | Matsui et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7348736 | Piepgras et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
D566323 | Piepgras et al. | Apr 2008 | S |
7350936 | Ducharme et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7352138 | Lys et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7352339 | Morgan et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7353071 | Blackwell et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7354172 | Chemel et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7358679 | Lys et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7358929 | Mueller et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7385359 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7387405 | Ducharme et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7391335 | Mubaslat et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7401942 | Verfuerth et al. | Jul 2008 | B1 |
7411489 | Elwell et al. | Aug 2008 | B1 |
7427840 | Morgan et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7445354 | Aoki et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7453217 | Lys et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7470055 | Hacker et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7482565 | Morgan et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7482764 | Morgan et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7495671 | Chemel et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7501768 | Lane et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7502034 | Chemel et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7506993 | Kain et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7507001 | Kit | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7518319 | Konno et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7520634 | Ducharme et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
D592786 | Bisberg et al. | May 2009 | S |
7529594 | Walters et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
D593697 | Liu et al. | Jun 2009 | S |
7543956 | Piepgras et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7546167 | Walters et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7546168 | Walters et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7550931 | Lys et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7550935 | Lys et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
D595894 | Verfuerth et al. | Jul 2009 | S |
7563006 | Verfuerth et al. | Jul 2009 | B1 |
7571063 | Howell et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7572028 | Mueller et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7575338 | Verfuerth | Aug 2009 | B1 |
7598681 | Lys et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7598684 | Lys et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7598686 | Lys et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7603184 | Walters et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7619370 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
D606697 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2009 | S |
D606698 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2009 | S |
7628506 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7638743 | Bartol et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7642730 | Dowling et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7646029 | Mueller et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7659674 | Mueller et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7660892 | Choong et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7703951 | Piepgras et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
D617028 | Verfuerth et al. | Jun 2010 | S |
D617029 | Verfuerth et al. | Jun 2010 | S |
7744251 | Liu et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7746003 | Verfuerth et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7753568 | Hu et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7761260 | Walters et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7762861 | Verfuerth et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
D621410 | Verfuerth et al. | Aug 2010 | S |
D621411 | Verfuerth et al. | Aug 2010 | S |
7766518 | Piepgras et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7777427 | Stalker, III | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7780310 | Verfuerth et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7783390 | Miller | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7784966 | Verfuerth et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
D623340 | Verfuerth et al. | Sep 2010 | S |
7792956 | Choong et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7809448 | Lys et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7824065 | Maxik | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7828465 | Roberge et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7839017 | Huizenga et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7839295 | Ries, II | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7845823 | Mueller et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7852017 | Melanson | Dec 2010 | B1 |
7866847 | Zheng | Jan 2011 | B2 |
D632006 | Verfuerth et al. | Feb 2011 | S |
D632418 | Bisberg et al. | Feb 2011 | S |
7878683 | Logan et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7911359 | Walters et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7924155 | Soccoli et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7925384 | Huizenga et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7926974 | Wung et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7936561 | Lin | May 2011 | B1 |
7938558 | Wilcox et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7959320 | Mueller et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7962606 | Barron et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7976188 | Peng | Jul 2011 | B2 |
7988335 | Liu et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
7988341 | Chen | Aug 2011 | B2 |
7997762 | Wang et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8010319 | Walters et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8013281 | Morgan et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8025426 | Mundle et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8033686 | Recker et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8035320 | Sibert | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8042968 | Boyer et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8052301 | Zhou et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8061865 | Piepgras et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8066403 | Sanfilippo et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8067906 | Null | Nov 2011 | B2 |
D650225 | Bartol et al. | Dec 2011 | S |
8070312 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8079731 | Lynch et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8080819 | Mueller et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8096679 | Chen et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8101434 | Guillien et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8136958 | Verfuerth et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8138690 | Chemel et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8147267 | Oster | Apr 2012 | B2 |
RE43456 | Verfuerth et al. | Jun 2012 | E |
8214061 | Westrick, Jr. et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8232745 | Chemel et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8237581 | Ries, II | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8237582 | Ries, II | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8242927 | Ries, II | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8260575 | Walters et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8265674 | Choong et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8275471 | Huizenga et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8337043 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8339069 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8344660 | Mohan et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8344665 | Verfuerth et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8364325 | Huizenga et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8368321 | Chemel et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8370483 | Choong et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8373362 | Chemel et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8376583 | Wang et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8376600 | Bartol et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8406937 | Verfuerth et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8415897 | Choong et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8422401 | Choong et al. | Apr 2013 | B1 |
8445826 | Verfuerth | May 2013 | B2 |
8450670 | Verfuerth et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
8466626 | Null et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8476565 | Verfuerth | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8531134 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8536802 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8543249 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
8552664 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8586902 | Verfuerth | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8593135 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8604701 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8610376 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8610377 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8729833 | Chemel et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
8754589 | Chemel et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8755039 | Ramer et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8805550 | Chemel et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8823277 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8841859 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8866408 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
8954170 | Chemel et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
9014829 | Chemel et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
9072133 | Chemel et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
9125254 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
9241392 | Chemel et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9519426 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
20010028227 | Lys et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010055965 | Delp et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
20020032535 | Alexander et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020036430 | Welches et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020038157 | Dowling et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020047628 | Morgan et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20020048169 | Dowling et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20020070688 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020074559 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020078221 | Blackwell et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020101197 | Lys et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020113555 | Lys et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020130627 | Morgan et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020133270 | Hung et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020134849 | Disser | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020145394 | Morgan et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020152045 | Dowling et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020153851 | Morgan et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020163316 | Lys et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020171365 | Morgan et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020171377 | Mueller et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020171378 | Morgan et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020175642 | von Kannewurff et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20030011538 | Lys et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030057886 | Lys et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030057887 | Dowling et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030057888 | Archenhold et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030057890 | Lys et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030063462 | Shimizu et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030076056 | Schuurmans | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030076281 | Morgan et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030097309 | Gibler et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030100837 | Lys et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030100998 | Brunner et al. | May 2003 | A2 |
20030102675 | Noethlichs | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030123705 | Stam et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030123706 | Stam et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030133292 | Mueller et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030137258 | Piepgras et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030206411 | Dowling et al. | Nov 2003 | A9 |
20030214259 | Dowling et al. | Nov 2003 | A9 |
20030216971 | Sick et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030222587 | Dowling et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030222603 | Mogilner et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040002792 | Hoffknecht | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040036006 | Dowling | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040052076 | Mueller et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040090191 | Mueller et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040090787 | Dowling et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040105261 | Ducharme et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040105264 | Spero | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040111638 | Yadav et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040113044 | Ishiguchi | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040113568 | Dowling et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040119415 | Lansing et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040130909 | Mueller et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040141321 | Dowling et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040155609 | Lys et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040160199 | Morgan et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040178751 | Mueller et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040212320 | Dowling et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040212321 | Lys et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040212993 | Morgan et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040240890 | Lys et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040252501 | Moriyama et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040257007 | Lys et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050030744 | Ducharme et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050035728 | Schanberger et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050036300 | Dowling et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050040774 | Mueller et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050041161 | Dowling et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050041424 | Ducharme | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050044617 | Mueller et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050047132 | Dowling et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050047134 | Mueller et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050062440 | Lys et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050063194 | Lys et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050099796 | Magee | May 2005 | A1 |
20050099824 | Dowling et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050116667 | Mueller et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050125083 | Kiko | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050128751 | Roberge et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050151489 | Lys et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050162101 | Leong et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050174473 | Morgan et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050213352 | Lys | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050213353 | Lys | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050218838 | Lys | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050218870 | Lys | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050219872 | Lys | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050231133 | Lys | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050236029 | Dowling | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050236998 | Mueller et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050248299 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050253533 | Lys et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050258765 | Rodriguez et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050275626 | Mueller et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050276053 | Nortrup et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050285547 | Piepgras et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060002110 | Dowling et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060012987 | Ducharme et al. | Jan 2006 | A9 |
20060022214 | Morgan et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060038511 | Tagawa | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060050509 | Dowling et al. | Mar 2006 | A9 |
20060076908 | Morgan et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060087843 | Setomoto et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060098077 | Dowling | May 2006 | A1 |
20060104058 | Chemel et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060106762 | Caracas et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060108935 | Stevn | May 2006 | A1 |
20060109649 | Ducharme et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060125426 | Veskovic et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060132061 | McCormick et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060146531 | Reo et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060152172 | Mueller et al. | Jul 2006 | A9 |
20060158881 | Dowling | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060160199 | DiCosimo et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060170376 | Piepgras et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060181878 | Burkholder | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060198128 | Piepgras et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060208667 | Lys et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060221606 | Dowling | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060245174 | Ashdown et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060262516 | Dowling et al. | Nov 2006 | A9 |
20060262521 | Piepgras et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060262544 | Piepgras et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060262545 | Piepgras et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060273741 | Stalker | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060276938 | Miller | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060285325 | Ducharme et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070021946 | Williams et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070030716 | Manolescu | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070032990 | Williams et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070040513 | Cleland et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070045407 | Paul | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070047227 | Ducharme | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070064425 | Frecska et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070086754 | Lys et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070086912 | Dowling et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070115658 | Mueller et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070115665 | Mueller et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070143046 | Budike, Jr. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070145915 | Roberge et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070152797 | Chemel et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070153514 | Dowling et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070188114 | Lys et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070188427 | Lys et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070189026 | Chemel et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070195526 | Dowling et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070206375 | Piepgras et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070211463 | Chevalier et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070217196 | Shaner | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070228999 | Kit | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070229250 | Recker et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070236156 | Lys et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070237284 | Lys et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070258231 | Koerner et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070258240 | Ducharme et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070263379 | Dowling | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070267978 | Shteynberg et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070273307 | Westrick et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070291483 | Lys | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080001071 | Lee et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080007943 | Verfuerth et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080007944 | Verfuerth et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080012502 | Lys | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080012506 | Mueller et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080030149 | Callahan | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080074059 | Ahmed | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080079568 | Primous et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080089060 | Kondo et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080140231 | Blackwell et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080158878 | Van Laanen et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080164826 | Lys | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080164827 | Lys | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080164854 | Lys | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080170371 | Lai | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080180015 | Wu et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080183081 | Lys et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080183307 | Clayton et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080183316 | Clayton | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080195561 | Herzig | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080204268 | Dowling et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080208651 | Johnston et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080215391 | Dowling et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080246415 | Chitta et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080265799 | Sibert | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080272934 | Wang et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080275802 | Verfuerth et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080278941 | Logan et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080310850 | Pederson et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090000217 | Verfuerth et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090009989 | Verfuerth et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090014625 | Bartol et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090018673 | Dushane et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090021955 | Kuang et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090027932 | Haines et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090034263 | Stenback et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090050908 | Yuan et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090051506 | Hicksted et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090059603 | Recker et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090059915 | Baker | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090066266 | Jungwirth et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090076790 | Fein et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090085494 | Summerland | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090085500 | Zampini et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090122571 | Simmons et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090147507 | Verfuerth et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090160364 | Ackermann et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090189535 | Verfuerth et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090193217 | Korecki et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090243517 | Verfuerth et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090248217 | Verfuerth et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090267540 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090278472 | Mills et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090278479 | Platner et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090284184 | Valois et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090299527 | Huizenga et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090299811 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090303722 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090315485 | Verfuerth et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090323347 | Zhang et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100026479 | Tran | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100034386 | Choong et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100052574 | Blakeley | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100061088 | Bartol et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100109536 | Jung et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100124376 | Thind | May 2010 | A1 |
20100127634 | Dowling et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100134051 | Huizenga et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100135186 | Choong et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100148689 | Morgan et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100169249 | Jhala et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100171145 | Morgan et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100171442 | Draper et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100185339 | Huizenga et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100201267 | Bourquin et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100204841 | Chemel et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100207534 | Dowling et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100211443 | Carrel et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100246168 | Verfuerth et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100246172 | Liu | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100253499 | Haab et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100259931 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100262313 | Chambers et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100264834 | Gaines et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100264846 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100270933 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100283605 | Nevins | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100295473 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100295474 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100295475 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100295482 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100296285 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100301768 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100301769 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100301770 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100301771 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100301773 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100301774 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100301834 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100302779 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100307075 | Zampini et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100308736 | Hung et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100327766 | Recker et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110001436 | Chemel et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110001438 | Chemel et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110033632 | Vance et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110035404 | Morgan et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110038148 | Pyle | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110043124 | Johnston et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110057581 | Ashar et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110060701 | Verfuerth et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110068702 | Van De Ven et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110084608 | Lin et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110090684 | Logan et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110102052 | Billingsley et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110118890 | Parsons | May 2011 | A1 |
20110133655 | Recker et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110140611 | Elek et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110140612 | Mohan et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110146669 | Bartol et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110172844 | Choong et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110198977 | VanderSluis | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110204820 | Tikkanen et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110215736 | Horbst et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110216538 | Logan et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110235317 | Verfuerth et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110248171 | Rueger et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110254466 | Jackson et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110279063 | Wang et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110279248 | Ogawa | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20120007511 | Choong et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120032599 | Mohan et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120037725 | Verfuerth | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120038281 | Verfuerth | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120038490 | Verfuerth | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120040606 | Verfuerth | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120044350 | Verfuerth | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120044670 | Piepgras et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120058663 | Oster | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120062125 | Mohan et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120080944 | Recker et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120081906 | Verfuerth et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120086363 | Golding | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120098439 | Recker et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120112654 | Choong et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120112667 | Mohan et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120130544 | Mohan et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
20120143357 | Chemel et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120153844 | Chobot | Jun 2012 | A1 |
20120167957 | Verfuerth et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120182729 | Verfuerth et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120203601 | Verfuerth et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120209755 | Verfuerth et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120229049 | Mohan et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120233045 | Verfuerth et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120235579 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120262074 | Wang-Wei-Cheng | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20120274222 | Verfuerth et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120286673 | Holland et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120299485 | Mohan et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120326608 | Mohan et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130006437 | Verfuerth et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130020949 | Mohan et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130033183 | Verfuerth et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130063042 | Bora et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130069542 | Curasi et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130069543 | Mohan et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130088168 | Mohan et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130093323 | Radermacher | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130094230 | Verfuerth et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130131882 | Verfuerth et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130141904 | Verfuerth et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130169185 | Dai et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
20130176401 | Monari et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
20130193857 | Tlachac et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130229795 | Wang et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
20130257292 | Verfuerth et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130293117 | Verfuerth | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20130293877 | Ramer et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20130308325 | Verfuerth et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20140028199 | Chemel et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140117852 | Zhai et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140252961 | Ramer et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140285090 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140285095 | Chemel et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140292208 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20140293605 | Chemel et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20140333222 | Chemel et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140375206 | Holland et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
20150008827 | Carrigan et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150008828 | Carrigan et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150061511 | Chemel et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20160014856 | Wacheux | Jan 2016 | A1 |
20160050725 | Johnston et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20160360594 | Chemel et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20160374166 | Chen et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20170019970 | Chemel et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
20170027045 | Chemel et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
20170042001 | Chemel et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
20170086279 | Chemel et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1873908 | Dec 2006 | CN |
2005-073133 | Mar 1993 | JP |
2006-106762 | Apr 2006 | JP |
2007-045407 | Feb 2007 | JP |
WO 9620369 | Jul 1996 | WO |
WO 9834206 | Aug 1998 | WO |
WO 2007003038 | Jan 2007 | WO |
WO 2007116332 | Oct 2007 | WO |
WO 2009003279 | Jan 2009 | WO |
WO 2010116283 | Oct 2010 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/245,196, dated Sep. 9, 2015, 8 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Sep. 17, 2015, 9 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/245,196, dated Sep. 23, 2015, 2 pages. |
Extended European Report and Opinion for European Appln No. EP 12844864.4, dated Nov. 3, 2015, 8 pages. |
Extended European Report and Opinion for European Patent Application No. EP 13763788.0, dated Dec. 17, 2015, 7 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/267,368 dated Dec. 31, 2015, 32 pages. |
Notice of Acceptance for Australian Patent Application No. 2012332206, dated Jan. 21, 2016, 2 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/425,295, dated Mar. 7, 2016, 16 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,081, dated Mar. 14, 2016, 16 pages. |
Patent Examination Report No. 1 for Australian Patent Application No. 2013235436, dated Jan. 18, 2016, 3 pages. |
Search Report and Office Action in Chinese Patent Application No. 201380026132.5 dated Sep. 12, 2015, 36 pages (original Chinese and English translation). |
“Enlightened Energy Management System,” ETCC Open Forum, 13 pp. (Jul. 24, 2012). |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Mar. 23, 2016, 9 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/425,295, dated Mar. 7, 2016, 18 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,081, dated Mar. 14, 2016, 20 pages. |
Examination Report in European Patent Application No. 09732558.3, dated Apr. 19, 2016, 5 pages. |
Second Office Action in Chinese Patent Application No. 201380026132.5, dated Apr. 20, 2016, 6 pages (w/English translation). |
Examination Report in Australian Patent Application No. 2015255250, dated Jun. 1, 2016, 3 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/960,105, dated Aug. 30, 2016, 50 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,081 dated Oct. 5, 2016, 20 pages. |
Examination Report No. 1 dated Oct. 14, 2016 in Australian Patent Application No. 2015203026, 2 pages. |
Supplementary European Search Report dated Nov. 28, 2016 in European Application No. EP 14 79 1232, 6 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Oct. 14, 2016 in International Application No. PCT/US2016/043893, 14 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425 dated Dec. 15, 2016, 10 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,831 dated Dec. 30, 2016, 51 pp. |
Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) EPC, issued by the European Patent Office for Application No. 12761180.4, dated Jan. 27, 2017, 5 pages. |
Office Action issued by the Canadian Patent Office for Application No. 2721486, dated Oct. 14, 2016, 4 pages. |
Notice of Acceptance issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2014218445, dated Jul. 15, 2016, 2 pages. |
Notice of Acceptance issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2015255250, dated Jan. 24, 2017, 3 pages. |
Notification of Fulfilling of Registration Formality issued by the Patent Office of the People's Republic of China for Application No. 201380026132.5, dated Aug. 3, 2016 (English Translation), 2 pages. |
Notice of Acceptance issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2013235436, dated Nov. 16, 2016, 2 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,081 dated Jun. 10, 2015, 13 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/425,295 dated Jun. 29, 2015, 17 pages. |
Office Action in Canadian Application No. 2,721,486 dated Jul. 14, 2015, 4 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/267,386 dated Aug. 10, 2015, 27 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/289,601, dated Apr. 1, 2015, 9 pages. |
Notice of Acceptance in Australian Patent Application No. 2011323165, dated Apr. 10, 2015, 2 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/267,386, dated Apr. 17, 2015, 30 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,082, dated May 19, 2015, 8 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/289,601, dated Jun. 4 2015, 2 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/245,196, dated May 27, 2015, 6 pages. |
Garg, Visha et al., “Smart occupancy sensors to reduce energy consumption, Energy and Buildings,” vol. 32, Issue 1, Jun. 2000, pp. 81-87. ISSN 0378-7788, 10.1 016/S0378-7788(99)00040-7. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037877889. |
Progress Report: Reducing Barriers to Use of High Efficiency Lighting Systems; Oct. 2001, (http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/researchAreas/reducingBarriers/pdf/year1FinalReport.pdf), 108 pages. |
ZigBee Alliance “Wireless Sensors and Control Networks: Enabling New Opportunities with ZigBee”, Bob Heile, Chairman, ZigBee Alliance, Dec. 2006 Powerpoint Presentation, 53 pages. |
ZigBee Specification Document 053474r17, Notice of Use and Disclosure; Jan. 17, 2008 11:09 A.M., Sponsored by: ZibEe Alliance; Copyright © 2007 ZigBee Standards Organizat. All rights reserved, 602 pages. |
Vainio, A.-M. et al., Learning and adaptive fuzzy control system for smart home, Mar. 2008, http://www.springerlink.com/content/ll72k32006l4qx81/fulltext.pdf, 10 pages. |
ZigBee Alliance Document No. 08006r03, Jun. 2008, ZigBee-200y Layer Pics and Stack Profile, Copyright © 1996-2008 by the ZigBee Alliance. 2400 Camino Ramon, Suite 375, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA; http://www.zigbee.org, 119 pages. |
International Search Report in International Application No. PCT/US2009/040514 dated Jun. 26, 2009, 4 pages. |
Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/US2009/040514, dated Jun. 26, 2009, 3 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability of PCT/US2009/040514, dated Oct. 19, 2010, 4 pages. |
Albeo Technologies, C Series, http://www.albeotech.com/?site—id=1500&item—id=161711, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Albeo Technologies, C3 Series, http://www.albeotech.com/?site—id=1500&item—id=173338, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Albeo Technologies, S Series, http://www.albeotech.com/?site—id=1500&item—id=161722, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Albeo Technologies, Surface Mounts, http://www.albeotech.com/?site—id=1500&item—id=161724, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Beta LED, 227 Series LED Canopy, http://www.betaled.com/us-en/TechnicalLibrary/TechnicalDocuments/227-series-canopy.aspx, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Beta LED, 227 Series LED Sofit, http://www.betaled.com/us-en/TechnicalLibrary/TechnicalDocuments/227-series-soffit.aspx, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Beta LED, 304 Series LED Interior, http://www.betaled.com/us-en/TechnicalLibrary/TechnicalDocuments/304-series-canopy.aspx, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Beta LED, 304 Series LED Parking Structure, http://www.betaled.com/us- en/TechnicalLibrary/TechnicalDocuments/304-series-parking.aspx, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Beta LED, 304 Series LED Sofit, http://www.betaled.com/us-en/TechnicalLibrary/TechnicalDocuments/304-series-soffit.aspx, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Beta LED, The Edge Canopy, http://www.betaled.com/us- en/TechnicalLibrary/TechnicalDocuments/TheEdgeCanopy.aspx, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Beta LED, The Edge LED Parking Structure, http://www.betaled.com/us- en/TechnicalLibrary/TechnicalDocuments/TheEdgeParking.aspx, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Color Kinetics, eW Cove EC Powercore line, http://www.colorkinetics.com/support/datasheets/eW—Cove—EC—Powercore—2700K—12in—SpecSheet.pdf, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Color Kinetics, eW Cove MX Powercore line, http://www.colorkinetics.com/support/datasheets/eW—Cove—MX—Powercore—2700K—Wide—Beam—Angle—SpecSheet.pdf, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Color Kinetics, eW Cove QLX Powercore line, http://www.colorkinetics.com/support/datasheets/eW—Cove—QLX—Powercore—6in—110degreex110degree.pdf, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Color Kinetics, eW Fuse Powercore line, http://www.colorkinetics.com/support/datasheets/eW—Fuse—Powercore—2700K—10degree—x—60degree.pdf, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Color Kinetics, eW Graze Powercore line, http://www.colorkinetics.com/support/datasheets/eW—Graze—Powercore—SpecSheet—2700K—10x60.pdf, retrieved May 18, 2011, 2 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/423,543, dated Jun. 27, 2011, 14 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/823,195, dated Oct. 27, 2011, 7 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Nov. 3, 2011, 14 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/823,195, dated Dec. 12, 2011, 8 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/822,421, dated Jan. 19, 2012, 20 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/US2011/059334, dated Feb. 2, 2012, 11 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/423,543, dated Feb. 8, 2012, 12 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/830,868, dated Mar. 5, 2012, 5 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/822,577, dated Apr. 2, 2012, 25 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,476, dated Apr. 11, 2012, 7 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/423,543, dated Apr. 11, 2012, 8 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Apr. 30, 2012, 18 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,495, dated May 17, 2012, 6 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/423,543, dated Jun. 21, 2012, 4 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/824,797, dated Jun. 29, 2012, 5 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,340, dated Jul. 2, 2012, 4 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/827,397, dated Jul. 11, 2012, 6 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Report in International Application No. PCT/US12/029834, dated Jul. 12, 2012, 10 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/830,868, dated Aug. 13, 2012, 26 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/833,332, dated Aug. 20, 2012, 5 pages. |
Extended European Report and Opinion for European Appln No. EP 09732558.3, dated Aug. 23, 2012, 8 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/822,421, dated Sep. 12, 2012, 16 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,385, dated Sep. 12, 2012, 5 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,179, dated Sep. 12, 2012, 5 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,211, dated Sep. 12, 2012, 4 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/833,181, dated Sep. 12, 2012, 5 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/827,336, dated Oct. 4, 2012, 26 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/822,577, dated Oct. 11, 2012, 21 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,476, dated Oct. 17, 2012, 36 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/827,397, dated Oct. 29, 2012, 5 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/824,797 dated Nov. 9, 2012, 8 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,340, dated Nov. 21, 2012, 5 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/833,332 dated Nov. 23, 2012, 5 pages |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,495, dated Dec. 12, 2012, 21 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability of PCT/US2011/059334, dated May 7, 2013, 8 pages |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,476, dated Feb. 13, 2013, 42 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/822,421, dated Mar. 1, 2013, 9 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,179, dated Mar. 13, 2013, 13 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/822,577, dated Mar. 15, 2013, 10 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/US2012/063372, dated Mar. 19, 2013, 18 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,385, dated Mar. 19, 2013, 12 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/833,332, dated Mar. 21, 2013, 8 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/830,868, dated Mar. 25, 2013, 9 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,495, dated Mar. 28, 2013, 22 pages. |
Examination Report in Australian Patent Application No. 2009236311, dated May 10, 2013, 3 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/833,181, dated May 23, 2013, 18 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/US2013/031790, dated Jun. 3, 2013, 13 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/827,336, dated Jun. 13, 2013, 6 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,358, dated Jun. 13, 2013, 7 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,211, dated Jun. 20, 2013, 12 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/830,868, dated Jun. 24, 2013, 6 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,179, dated Jul. 17, 2013, 15 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,476, dated Jul. 23, 2013, 42 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Sep. 10, 2013, 15 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability in International Application No. PCT/US2012/029834, dated dated Sep. 24, 2013, 7 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,211, dated Oct. 2, 2013, 13 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/827,336, dated Oct. 2, 2013, 12 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,495, dated Oct. 10, 2013, 25 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,358, dated Nov. 19, 2013, 16 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,476, dated Nov. 21, 2013, 52 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/827,209, dated Jan. 10, 2014, 20 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/828,495, dated Feb. 19, 2014, 8 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/045,679, dated Feb. 20, 2014, 8 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,179, dated Feb. 21, 2014, 16 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/289,492, dated Feb. 27, 2014, 28 pages. |
Advisory Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,358, dated Feb. 27, 2014, 2 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Mar. 27, 2014, 16 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,211, dated Apr. 23, 2014, 10 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability in International Application No. PCT/US2012/063372, dated Mar. 19, 2013, 14 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/425,295, dated Jun. 10, 2014, 12 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,476, dated Jun. 11, 2014, 5 pages. |
Notice of Acceptance in Australian Application No. 2009236311, dated Jun. 12, 2014, 2 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/832,179, dated Aug. 1, 2014, 9 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/289,492, dated Aug. 5, 2014, 29 pages. |
Examination Report in Australian Patent Application No. 2011323165, dated Aug. 22, 2014, 3 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 12/831,358, dated Aug. 29, 2014, 9 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Sep. 15, 2014, 17 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/US2014/35990, dated Sep. 18, 2014, 11 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability in International Application No. PCT/US2013/031790, dated Sep. 23, 2014, 10 pages. |
Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,081, dated Oct. 9, 2014, 6 pages. |
Examination Report in Australian Patent Application No. 2012230991, dated Nov. 18, 2014, 3 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 13/289,492, dated Nov. 19, 2014, 9 pages. |
Restriction Requirement in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Dec. 10, 2014, 6 pages. |
Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 13/425,295, dated Jan. 2, 2015, 17 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,082, dated Jan. 2, 2015, 10 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,081, dated Jan. 22, 2015, 7 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 13/289,492, dated Jan. 23, 2015, 10 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Application No. PCT/US2014/060095, dated Jan. 29, 2015, 16 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/289,601, dated Jan. 30, 2015, 6 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/245,196, dated Feb. 9, 2015, 13 pages. |
Examination Report in Australian Patent Application No. 2012332206, dated Feb. 12, 2015, 3 pages. |
Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Feb. 25, 2015, 6 pages. |
Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) EPC, issued by the European Patent Office for Application No. 13763788.0, dated Apr. 4, 2017, 5 pages. |
European Search Report issued by the European Patent Office for Application No. 14852889.6, dated May 19, 2017, 8 pages. |
Examination Report No. 1 issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2014259974, dated Apr. 3, 2017, 3 pages. |
Examination Report No. 1 issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2016206250, dated May 1, 2017, 3 pages. |
Examination Report No. 2 issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2015203026, dated May 16, 2017, 3 pages. |
Extended European Search Report issued by the European Patent Office for Application No. 11838876.8, dated Apr. 11, 2017, 8 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/927,413, dated May 5, 2017, 12 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 15/175,725, dated Jun. 1, 2017, 14 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 14/294,081, dated Jun. 15, 2017, 15 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/960,105, dated May 10, 2017, 8 pages |
Examination Report issued by the Canadian Patent Office for Application No. 2,830,991, dated Jul. 13, 2017, 3 pages. |
Examination Report issued by the European Patent Office for Application No. 12844864.4, dated Aug. 16, 2017, 3 pages. |
Examination Report No. 1 issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2016202824, dated Jul. 17, 2017, 6 pages. |
Examination Report No. 1 issued by the Australian Patent Office for Application No. 2017201414, dated Jun. 6, 2017, 3 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 12/817,425, dated Aug. 3, 2017, 17 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 15/298,064, dated Aug. 11, 2017, 15 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/518,831, dated Aug. 21, 2017, 13 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/960,105, dated Jul. 12, 2017, 6 pages. |
Office Action issued by the European Patent Office for Application No. 12 761 180.4, dated Aug. 24, 2017, 5 pages. |
Notice of Allowance in U.S. Appl. No. 14/927,413, dated Nov. 7, 2017, 14 pages. |
Non-Final Office Action in U.S. Appl. No. 15/094,559, dated Sep. 28, 2017, 29 pages. |
Office Action issued by the Canadian Patent Office for Application No. 2,721,486, dated Sep. 19, 2017, 3 pages. |
Office Action issued by the Canadian Patent Office for Application No. 2,816,978, dated Oct. 3, 2017, 4 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20150184842 A1 | Jul 2015 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61409991 | Nov 2010 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 13289492 | Nov 2011 | US |
Child | 14645548 | US |