The present invention relates to methods, compositions and apparatus for generating a functionalized aerosol which emulates the organoleptic characteristics and properties of mainstream smoke generated by traditional tobacco-based smoking articles.
Electronic cigarettes are a popular alternative to traditional smoking articles that burn tobacco products to generate mainstream smoke for inhalation. Unlike traditional tobacco-based smoking articles, electronic cigarettes generate an aerosol-based vapor for inhalation which generally emulates mainstream smoke of traditional tobacco based smoking articles. However, it is generally recognized that aerosol-based vapor generated by electronic cigarettes does not deliver the same “quality” of experience as traditional smoking articles. Applicants have found that this deficiency in the “quality” of experience results, at least in part, from the use of a composite aerosol forming liquid solution to generate the aerosol-based vapor. More specifically, the composite aerosol forming liquid solution includes an aerosol forming liquid and one or more taste, fragrance or nicotine delivery compositions. Among other things, it is believed that the use of such a composite aerosol forming liquid solution may result in the formation of chemically or pharmacological incompatible components. Furthermore, it is believed that interactions among the various components of the composite aerosol forming liquid solution may cause chemical, pharmacological, and/or thermal instability, which, in turn, may result in particulate precipitation, fouling of the aerosol heating element or chemical degradation of the solution, as well as other constraints to aerosol vapor delivery. Each of these deficiencies compromises the organoleptic performance and quality of the aerosol based vapor generated by the electronic cigarettes. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide improved methods, compositions and apparatus for generating functionalized aerosols having enhanced organoleptic characteristics and properties which more closely emulate the smoking experience provided by the mainstream smoke from traditional tobacco-based smoking articles.
An objective of the invention is to provide a method, composition and apparatus for generating a functionalized aerosol vapor which emulates the organoleptic characteristics and properties of mainstream smoke experienced by users smoking traditional tobacco-based smoking articles.
It is a further objective of the invention to provide a method comprising a two-step process for the formation of a functionalized aerosol vapor. The first step of the process involves generating an aerosol from an aerosol forming liquid. The second step of the process involves functionalizing the aerosol by subjecting the aerosol to a matrix for the purpose of transferring, delivering or imparting one or more organoleptic properties such as taste, fragrance and/or nicotine delivery to the aerosol.
It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide a method wherein the first step of generating an aerosol comprises providing an optimal aerosol particulate size distribution for the desired fragrance, taste, and/or nicotine delivery properties subsequently imparted on the aerosol in the second step of the process.
It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide a method wherein the first step of the process comprises generating an aerosol having properties for optimizing the taste, fragrance and/or nicotine delivery characteristics to the aerosol during the second step of the inventive method. For example, the aerosol forming liquid may comprise an excipient such as water which forms an aerosol having properties for activating exothermic or endothermic reactions during the second step of the process.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide a method wherein the aerosol vapor pressure is used as a mechanism for transferring, delivering or imparting taste, fragrance and/or nicotine characteristics during the second step of the process.
It is yet a further objective of this invention to provide an aerosol-forming composition and a separate functional composition for generating a functionalized aerosol vapor with emulates the organoleptic characteristics and properties of mainstream smoke experienced by smoking traditional tobacco-based smoking articles. For example, the aerosol-forming composition may comprise ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, water or mixtures thereof The functional composition may comprise one or more organoleptic components such as taste, fragrance, and/or nicotine delivery components. For example, the functional composition may comprise a solution or dispersion having taste and/or nicotine delivery components. Alternatively, the functional composition may comprise encapsulated taste and/or fragrance delivery components. Moreover, the functional composition may comprise a gel having taste, fragrance and/or nicotine delivery components.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the taste, fragrance and/or nicotine composition may comprise a vapor pressure modifier such as ethanol.
It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide an apparatus for generating a functionalized aerosol vapor which emulates the organoleptic characteristics and properties of mainstream smoke experienced by smoking traditional tobacco-based smoking articles. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a first chamber or zone containing an aerosol-forming liquid which is adapted to deliver aerosol-forming liquid to a heating device. The apparatus further comprises a downstream chamber or zone containing an functional composition comprising one or more organoleptic components such as a taste, fragrance and/or nicotine delivery components.
According to a further objective of the present invention, the apparatus may comprise a functional component insert in the proximity of the mouth piece. For example, the apparatus may comprise a disposable fragrance insert in the proximity of the mouth piece designed to deliver the same number of puffs of a traditional cigarette. It will be understood that such an insert could also be adapted to deliver of any other organoleptic property such as taste or nicotine delivery.
Another objective of the present invention is to simplify the filling of flavored cartridges during e-Cigarette manufacturing and therefore increasing manufacturing capacity since it is easier to have filling stations dedicated to flavored and unflavored formulations.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide an electronic smoking article having discrete repositories for the aerosol forming liquid solutions and the taste, fragrance and/or nicotine solution to provide for a prolonged shelf life for the respective solutions and extended operating life of the electronic cigarette atomizer heating element.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a two-step process is used to form an aerosol with organoleptic properties suitable to be delivered with e-cigarettes. In the first step of the process, an aerosol is formed from a non-flavored formulation located in a first chamber or zone of the e-cigarette. Any aerosol formation mechanism (e.g., thermal, mechanical, piezoelectric) may be used in the present invention. The aerosol is then subjected to a taste, fragrance and/or nicotine carrying matrix adapted to transfer the desired organoleptic properties to the aerosol. During this step, taste, fragrance and/or nicotine delivery components in a high vapor pressure solvent are released into the aerosol prior to exiting the e-cigarette mouth piece. The sketch below shows this two-step process wherein a fragrance insert is employed to deliver fragrance to the e-cigarette aerosol.
The formation of an unflavored aerosol in an e-cigarette may involve any known nebulizer mechanism. For example, ultrasonic wave nebulization (with a piezoelectric element vibrating and creating high-frequency ultrasound waves to cause vibrations and atomization of liquid formulations), electric nebulization (with a heating element built on a high surface component in direct contact with an aerosol forming material), or spraying jet atomization by passing an aerosol solution through small venturi injection channels. In general, the aerosol characteristics depend on the rheological and thermodynamics properties of the aerosol forming liquid as well as the nebulization mechanism. Because of physical chemical stresses (i.e. thermal degradation, shear induced phase separation, etc.) of the aerosol forming material during nebulization, the aerosol characteristics and delivery consistency can be affected when the liquid is nebulized. This is very relevant to aerosol quality if the affected aerosol material component is organoleptic. For example, nicotine might degrade under thermal nebulization; menthol and other hydrophobic taste material might precipitate due to incompatibility with hydrophilic forming aerosol formulations. In other cases, desirable organoleptic materials, i.e. menthol, tobacco extracts, etc., can be insoluble in the aerosol forming liquid at the appropriate viscosity and/or surface tension to deliver an acceptable aerosol, therefore, limiting the amount of delivered organoleptic. Furthermore, improvements to the consistency of aerosol delivery might be possible with this strategy because the organoleptic material—which are absent during aerosol formation—would not affect the viscosity and the surface tension. These material variables affect aerosol particle size distribution. Having an aerosol formation process prior to flavoring insures aerosol consistency, in particular, when it is desirable to deliver a consistent nicotine amount by the aerosol exiting the mouth piece of the e-cigarette.
Therein, that an unflavored aerosol formulation, located in the first chamber or zone, suitable to form aerosols with particle size distribution and deliver desired user experience, and that can be later further tailored for organoleptic delivery is attractive to e-cigarette manufacturers. Base aerosol formulations suitable for the present invention comprise aerosol forming materials, vapor pressure modifiers, buffers, salts, nucleation site structures, surfactants, preservatives, and an excipient. Furthermore, any of the components that form the unflavored aerosol formulation can be used to trigger chemically another component located downstream the nebulizer. For example, water can be used to activate exothermic or endothermic reactions of salts located in a downstream insert to induce heat changes that either heat a sublimable material insert or change deliverable aerosol particle size distribution. Non-limiting examples of unflavored aerosol forming formulations are included in Table I below.
Taste, fragrance and/or nicotine carrying matrix formulations, applicable to this invention to change the organoleptic properties of the delivered aerosol are presented in the embodiments below. These formulations can be liquids, dispersions, gels, encapsulate fragrances, fibers or any other forms and shapes that allow intimate contact with the unflavored aerosol stream. These formulations may have a high vapor pressure to allow maximizing their fragrance contribution to the aerosol stream. Illustrative examples of functionalized formulations which may be incorporated in the e-cigarette are presented below.
Fragrance Delivery
The major formulation components in this embodiment, when the formulation is in a liquid state, consist of a fragrance, a vapor pressure modifier, a preservative and an excipient. These formulations might also contain other components to further modify the delivered aerosol stream such as surfactants, nucleation sites, buffers, etc. Table II shows non-limiting examples for solutions, dispersions, encapsulates and gel formulation physical forms. These formulations might contain nicotine as required by a final aerosol delivery specification.
Low Solubility/Hydrophobic Organoleptic Fragrance Delivery
When the solubility of the organoleptic material is low, there is a limit to the amount of organoleptic in an aerosol compatible formulation. By placing the organoleptic downstream from the aerosol forming part of the e-cigarette, it is possible to have formulations with high concentration of delivered organoleptics since they are not constrained by their low solubility in aerosol forming formulations. The formulation components in this embodiment can consist of a fragrance, a vapor pressure modifier, a preservative and an excipient. These formulations might also contain other components to further modify the delivered aerosol stream such as surfactants, nucleation sites, buffers, etc. The table below shows non-limiting examples for liquids, solutions and dispersions.
Low Solubility/Hydrophobic Organoleptic Fragrance Delivery
Because in the practice of this invention two or more chambers, compartments or zones are used having different formulations, the invention also enables benefits resulting from their different nature to obtain further improvements in aerosol delivery. These improvements are inclusive for the embodiments disclosed in Table I, II and III above. Two specific cases are noted below:
According to this embodiment, the unflavored formulation may comprise a chemical component that can either react or affect another chemical component included in the downstream functionalized formulation. For example, it is known that nicotine in solution is in a chemical equilibrium as per the Bronsted-Lowry acid/base theory. Therefore, acidic or basic component—such as acetic, citric, etc., buffers—carried by the unflavored aerosol can be useful to control the ionization of nicotine in the final delivered aerosol. Therein, according to this embodiment, improvement in nicotine delivery consistency is possible. In addition, the formation in situ of fragile flavors and taste component is possible if reactants are kept separated until mixing in the aerosol vapor prior to delivery.
The inclusion of a chemical component in the unflavored formulation that can react with another chemical component included in the downstream formulation to exothermically or endothermically change the temperature of the aerosol. For example, water in the unflavored aerosol can react with a salt pod in the downstream portion of the e-cigarette to release heat of hydration, i.e., CuSO4, etc. This heat can be used to assist in the sublimation of organoleptic in the downstream portion of the e-cigarette. Another example is the use of an endothermic reaction, i.e., NH4Cl, etc. This would allow cooling of the aerosol vapor after its formation and therefore improve delivery consistency of the aerosol particle size distribution.
This concept separates aerosol formation from taste, fragrance and/or nicotine delivery. Therefore, the aerosol is improved by removing any degradation of quality, nicotine delivery and taste caused by either the interaction of the aerosol forming liquid formulation with the formulation contained in the fragrance insert or its thermal degradation/inactivation when in contact with the heating element of the e-cigarette.
In addition, the fragrance formulations in the inserts can be made with a broad range of materials such as normal solutions, dispersions, emulsions, gels, creams, powders, pastes, waxes, etc. The fragrance release can occur thermally, chemically, dissolution, vapor pressure driven, moisture, electric, etc. The insert can use fabricated using one or combination of different fragrance matrixes such as surface coating, dissolvable matrix, encapsulated fragrance, wicking web, coated web, etc.
Although, this concept is based on aerosol flow dynamics, it can be further enhanced by placing a heating element in the insert to control the release of fragrance.
An embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention depicted below in
The sketches proved in the following figures illustrate numerous embodiments of the proposed inserts for the practice of the present invention. These embodiments are non-limiting, and it will be understood that the present invention may comprise combinations of one or more of these embodiments.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/763,138, filed 23 Jul. 2015 (the '138 application), which is a national stage filing based upon international application no. PCT/US2014/012984, filed 24 Jan. 2014 (the '984 application), which claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 61/756,098, filed 24 Jan. 2014 (the '098 application. The '138 application, the '984 application, and the '098 application are all hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as though fully set forth herein.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61756098 | Jan 2013 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14763138 | Jul 2015 | US |
Child | 16855557 | US |