The invention relates to a method for permanently achieving high gas temperatures and minimizing heat losses.
Many industrial processes and machines often run at high temperatures. One of the major problems with these processes is overheating of walls in contact with hot gases. Of great importance is also the thermal insulation of the gas ducts, the reduction of heat losses, as well as e.g. B. the cooling of turbine blades. An increase in the inlet temperatures in the gas and steam turbines causes an increase in the gas turbine efficiency on the one hand, but also requires a higher cooling air demand on the other hand, which in turn reduces the efficiency gain. Cooling gas turbines is a technical challenge that is particularly critical in aviation. Complex cooling methods such as impingement and film cooling, transpiration cooling, effusion cooling etc. are used in modern gas turbines, see for example patent specifications DE000069911600T2, EP000003179041A1, EP000001043480A2, EP000001149983A2, EP000003199759A1, DE000060307070T2, EP000003290639B1, EP000001914392A3, EP000001600608B1. The disadvantage of these cooling concepts is a very high level of complexity and therefore high costs and a higher overall construction weight.
Many chemical processes and reactions require high temperatures. In methane pyrolysis for example, a significant shift in the thermodynamic equilibrium in the direction of the reaction products is only possible above 800° C. (1 atm). At 1200° C., the theoretical efficiency of methane conversion is around 95% (doi:10.1088/1757-899X/228/1/012016), an approach to a 100% methane decomposition could only be reached in practice at above 2000° C. At high temperatures, however, the energy requirement increases enormously, which in turn reduces the overall efficiency of the chemical reactor considerably.
An example of a reactor for chemical reactions at high pressure and high temperature can be found in EP000002361675A1. A disadvantage of this reactor is that it has a complicated structure with a main reactor and a secondary reactor.
DE000002905206A1 describes a system for thermal water splitting in which concentrated sunlight is used to generate the reaction temperature above 1100° C. and a high-temperature reaction vessel is formed by electromagnetic fields. The disadvantage of this system is that such a reaction vessel can hardly be realized in practice.
Closest to the patented invention is a method for the rotational confinement of plasma disclosed in DE102009052623A1. The method relates to hot plasma maintenance but is not concerned with achieving high temperatures of non-ionized gases. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires a lot of energy because the plasma can only exist if there is a constant supply of energy.
The invention is based on the object of providing a method, which ensures that hot gases are separated from structural walls and, as a result, high gas temperatures can be achieved in a work area. The object is achieved with a method, which is characterized in that a hot gas or a gas mixture is kept rotating in a chamber, the rotating gas experiencing due to an exertion of a centrifugal force a separation of colder and therefore heavier and hotter and therefore lighter gas layers and thus a displacement of the hotter (lighter) gas in the center of rotation of the chamber and the colder (heavier) gas in the direction of the chamber wall takes place. Since gases have a very low thermal conductivity, the chamber walls are effectively separated from the hot gas masses in the center by a heat-insulating, colder gas layer, thus preventing the chamber walls from overheating. The walls of the chamber do not come into direct contact with hot gas, thereby advantageously reducing the contamination of reaction products by material from the walls.
The invention is illustrated schematically in drawings 1 to 5.
In
During rotary motion, the centrifugal force acts only in the radial direction, which means that the thermal insulation according to the invention does not function in the axial direction.
In order to minimize this disadvantage, the pipe length can be made significantly larger than the pipe diameter (e.g. in the ratio 10 to 1). This disadvantage cannot arise if a chamber is ring-shaped, such as a torus or two tubes connected at both ends, so that there are no free ends of the hot gas vortex. The embodiment 4 (
The chamber can be directed horizontally or with an inclination, see
The proposed method was tested and successfully confirmed by the inventor in a series of experiments on a test facility. By using this method, heat losses and thus energy requirements can be significantly reduced. Higher efficiencies can be achieved. According to the invention, construction materials which are more lightweight and cost-effective than conventional ones (e.g. aluminium alloys instead of heat-resistant steels) can advantageously be used. Costs for maintenance and operation can be significantly lowered by reducing heat losses.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2020 007 518.5 | Dec 2020 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/DE2021/000172 | 10/15/2021 | WO |