Claims
- 1. A method for the removal of a substance carrying a negative charge and being present in an aqueous liquid (I), said method comprising the steps of(i) contacting the liquid with a matrix carrying a plurality of ligands comprising a positively charged structure (anion-exchanger) and a hydrophobic structure under conditions permitting binding between the ligands and the substance, and (ii) desorbing said substance from said matrix, wherein (I) each of said ligands has the formula: —SP—[Ar—R1—N+(R2R3R4)] wherein (A) [Ar—R1—N+(R2R3R4)] represents a ligand in which a) Ar is an aromatic ring, b) R1 is [(L)nR′1]m wherein n and m are integers selected amongst zero or 1; L is an amino nitrogen, an ether oxygen or a thioether sulphur; R′1 is a bivalent linker group selected among 1) linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon groups; 2) —C(═NH)—; c) R2-4 are selected among hydrogen and lower alkyls; (B) SP is a spacer providing a carbon, a nitrogen, a sulphur or an oxygen directly attached to Ar—R1—N+(R2R3R4); (C) represents that the spacer is replacing a hydrogen in (Ar—R1—N+(R2R3R4); (D) represents binding to the matrix; (II) the anion exchanger (1) is capable of (a) binding to the substance in an aqueous reference liquid (II) under anion-exchange condition at an ionic strength corresponding to 0.3 M NaCl and, (b) permitting a maximal break through capacity in the pH interval 2-12 for the substance of at least 200% of the maximal break through capacity in the pH-interval 2-12 of the substance for an exchanger having (—CH2CHOHCH2N+(CH3)3) groups, said anion-exchangers having essentially the same ligand density and break through capacities being determined under the same conditions; and (III) desorption in step (ii) is carried out under anion-exchange conditions when the substance is a serine protease and in particularly when R′1=—C(NH)—.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein m=1 and R′1 is a bivalent linker group selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, and cyclic hydrocarbon groups that may be substituted and/or have a carbon chan that is interrupted by ether oxygen, thioether sulphur or amino nitrogen.
- 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix has a pKa≦12.
- 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of Ar, SP, R′1 and R2-4, contains one or more electron acceptor-donor atoms or groups at a distance of 1-7 atoms from the positive nitrogen in —N+(R2R3R4) and with the proviso that the Ar atoms or groups are not sp2-carbons in an aromatic structure.
- 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said acceptor-donor atoms or groups participate in hydrogen-bonding.
- 6. The method of claim 4, wherein acceptor groups are selected from the group consisting of electron-deficient atoms and electronegative atoms.
- 7. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one of said one or more hydrogen-bonding atoms is present as a branch group in SP or as a part of the chain in SP extending from the base matrix to the ligand.
- 8. The method of claim 1, wherein SP contains(a) a carbon atom with preference for a carbonyl carbon or an sp3-hybridised carbon; or (b) a nitrogen atom with preference for an amino or an amino nitrogen; or (c) a sulphur atoms with preference for a thioether sulphur atom; or (d) an oxygen, with preference for an ether oxygen atom; which is directly attached to the ligand Ar—R1—N+(R2R3R4), with the proviso that items (b)-(d) only apply when the spacer binds to Ar or R1.
- 9. The method of claim 1, wherein n=0, m=1, R′1=—C(═NH)—, R2-4=hydrogen, Ar=p—C6H4—, SP is attached to Ar via a secondary amino nitrogen.
- 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the ionic strength during the adsorption/binding step (i) is larger or equal with the ionic strength of 0.25 M NaCl water solution.
- 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH of aqueous liquid (I) is ≦pKa+2, wherein pKa is of the anion-exchanger or of an anion-exchanger.
- 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the desorbing step includes adding an aqueous liquid (II).
- 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the aqueous liquid (II) has a pH which is different from the pH of aqueous (I) in order to decrease the negative charge of the substance.
- 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the polarity of the aqueous liquid (II) is lower than the polarity of the aqueous liquid (I).
- 15. The method of claim 12, wherein a structural analogue of Ar—R1—N+(R2R3R4) is present in the aqueous liquid (II) in a larger concentration than in the aqueous liquid (I).
- 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix contains primary or secondary nitrogens.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
9904197 |
Nov 1999 |
SE |
|
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP00/11605 filed Nov. 22, 2000.
PCT Information
Filing Document |
Filing Date |
Country |
Kind |
PCT/EP00/11605 |
|
WO |
00 |
Publishing Document |
Publishing Date |
Country |
Kind |
WO01/38227 |
5/31/2001 |
WO |
A |
US Referenced Citations (6)
Foreign Referenced Citations (5)
Number |
Date |
Country |
0 448 831 |
Oct 1991 |
EP |
2 321 932 |
Mar 1977 |
FR |
2 050 192 |
Jan 1981 |
GB |
WO 9729825 |
Aug 1997 |
WO |
WO 9965607 |
Dec 1999 |
WO |
Non-Patent Literature Citations (3)
Entry |
DE 34 11 420 A Oct. 10, 1985 Germany. |
GB 1 563 990 A Apr. 2, 1980 Great Britain. |
Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 014, No. 232 (C-0719), May 17, 1990 & JP 02 056253 A Feb. 26, 1990 abstract. |