Patent Application
20240084587
The present invention is in the field of modular building construction methods and systems used within the construction industry.
Building construction systems including modular features are sometimes used in the construction field. For example, particularly in third world countries where skilled labor is not readily available, and building materials must be relatively inexpensive, cinder block or brick materials are used in constructing homes, schools, agricultural buildings, and other buildings. It can be difficult to learn to lay block or brick while keeping the walls square and plumb. In addition, such systems require mortar to hold the individual blocks or bricks together. A roof formed from a different material (other than block or brick) is needed. In addition, insulating and/or providing an air-tight seal (e.g., to employ negative pressurization) within such structures is difficult.
Stick frame construction methods are of course also well known, although such systems also require a considerable amount of skilled labor to construct a building therefrom. In addition to requiring skilled labor, such existing methods also require considerable strength for those involved in the construction. Because of such requirements, in practice, such construction systems are not readily usable by groups of both men and women, where women often make up the vast majority of the labor pool available in third world humanitarian construction projects.
Various other building materials and systems are also used in the art. Structural insulated panels (SIPs) are used in some circumstances within the construction industry as an alternative to stick frame construction with insulation blown or laid within the cavities between stick framing members. A typical structural insulated panel may include an insulating layer sandwiched between two layers of structural plywood or oriented strand board (“OSB”). The use of such panels within residential, commercial or other construction projects can often significantly decrease the time required for construction, and also typically provides superior insulating ability as compared to a traditional structure constructed of block or brick, or even stick frame construction with insulation blown or laid between frame members. That said, drawbacks with such systems include that stick frame construction and SIP construction typically require some level of skilled labor, and thus are not particularly well suited for use in environments where such skills are not readily available, and shipping such panels can represent a significant expense. In addition, heavy equipment (e.g., cranes) are often required to install such panels, as well as other components (e.g., frame members).
According to an embodiment, one aspect of the invention relates to a method for constructing a building from a plurality of C-channel frame members, a plurality of standard modular wall panels, a plurality of wall-to-floor transition panels, and a plurality of wall-to-roof transition panels. Such a method is simple, and includes the following steps: (i) laying down a floor or skirt; (ii) forming a first frame (e.g., an endwall) at least partially defining the floor, a wall, and a roof, the first frame comprising or being formed from a plurality of C-channel frame members; (iii) sliding pre-slotted standard foam wall panels, pre-slotted wall-to-floor transition foam panels, and pre-slotted wall-to-roof transition foam panels into flanges of the C-channel frame members of the first frame; (iv) forming a second frame also at least partially defining the floor, the wall, and the roof, the second frame being formed by inserting a plurality of C-channel frame members into an opposite end of the pre-slotted standard wall foam panels, pre-slotted wall-to-floor transition foam panels, and pre-slotted wall-to-roof transition foam panels; and (v) repeating the above steps (ii)-(iv), as desired, to construct the building (e.g., in one 4-foot module section after another).
In an embodiment, the first frame may define an endwall of the building.
In an embodiment, standard panels identical or substantially similar to those used for the walls, can also be used for the floor, and/or roof.
In an embodiment, the C-channel frame members are placed back-to-back, forming I-beams between adjacent module sections of the building. Providing such I-beams as two C-channel members, which are placed back-to-back, rather than providing an integral I-beam, eases handling and placement of the frame member components (each component is only half the weight, as it would otherwise be, if integral I-beams were used).
In an embodiment, the pre-slotted foam panels include channel(s) extending along their length or width, flange(s) of the C-channel frame members being engaged therein. In an embodiment, both flanges of the C-channel frame member are engaged in such channels. In another embodiment, only one flange-receiving channel is provided in each panel side or edge, and the non-engaged flange of the C-channel frame members wrap around a corner edge of the pre-slotted foam panels.
In an embodiment, a space between the flanges of the C-channel frame members is filled with a body of the pre-slotted foam panels, ensuring that forces applied to the panels place that portion of the panel in between the flanges of the C-channel frame member in compression, rather than in tension.
In an embodiment, the top and bottom ends of the pre-slotted foam panels include a stair stepped or inclined configuration, so that when stacking one pre-slotted foam panel atop or adjacent another pre-slotted foam panel, a substantially horizontal or vertical seam therebetween is defined by an inclined or stair-stepped surface interior to the seam, so as to minimize or prevent water seepage between stacked pre-slotted foam panels. By way of example, the walls may include horizontal seams, while the floor ma include vertical seams. The seams between roof panels may be vertical, or of a wide variety of angles, depending on roof pitch or slant.
In an embodiment, the C-channel frame members include alignment holes formed therein, the alignment holes becoming aligned when the C-channel frame members are properly aligned with one another, to form the first frame and the second frame. In particular, an alignment hole in a C-channel frame member of the first frame may align with an alignment hole in a C-channel frame member of the second frame, where the C-channel frame members form overlapping connections between one another. The alignment holes help those building the building to easily and quickly verify that the components of the frame have been correctly positioned, before attaching the frame members to one another, and proceeding to the next step.
The present invention provides numerous advantages, some of which are described very briefly below.
Using the present method, it took Applicant 6 hours to assemble a small pool house.
The steps, and the order of the steps are key to achieving such a fast assembly result.
The foam panels are cut to be extremely accurate (as they are cut on a CNC machine).
The method proceeds by constructing sections of the building, by taking a profile “slice” through the building, and constructing each 4 foot (or other width) section one after the other.
One can start with an endwall, which can be supported.
Slide the foam over the endwall (e.g, the pre-slotted channels of the foam panels are inserted into the flanges of the endwall frame wall.
Especially for larger buildings, one may use a method where one assembles the entire floor of a given level first, where vertically projecting “stubs” are provided, sticking up from the floor, for attachment to the frame members (e.g., particularly the vertical frame members of the walls).
Build sections of the floor, with vertical stubs.
Similar overlap joints can be provided adjacent the floor, as have been described in Applicant's previous applications, already incorporated by reference.
The stubs engage with the floor-to-wall transition panels.
Build the floor first. This makes it much easier, as one can reach what one needs to reach, with the floor in place.
Opposing C-channel frame members (positioned back-to-back) can be pre-glued or screwed or otherwise pre-fastened together, for use as floor stubs. Such floor stubs may be relatively short, e.g., 3 feet or less, 2 feet or less, or 18 inches or less.
Horizontal C-channel members (used for the floor) can be of the same length, offset relative to one another (so that one C-channel member sticks out one end, and the other C-channel member, sticks out the other end). The offset may be equal to the width of the wall's vertical C-channel member.
This offset forces the vertical and top (e.g., roof) C-channel members to also be correctly offset, based on the offset provided with the stubs.
A gap may be provided between the stub and the rest of the vertical C-channel member to accommodate placement of the floor panel (e.g., floor-to-wall transition panel).
Assembling the full floor first is a big help.
Overlap joints provided at each intersection are very strong.
The use of the stubs makes “plumbing” the vertical member much easier. The longer pieces are more difficult to plumb. Use of stubs helps.
Holes (e.g., roll formed holes) in the C-channel members align with one another, to ensure that all overlap joints are properly made.
Build 1 module at a time.
The precision machined foam panels are used as a jig to get the steel C-channel members in the right place.
Assemble the floor first, then build the remainder of each e.g., 4-foot module.
Each module “slice” could be flat-packed on a pallet. The parts can be packed on the pallet in the reverse order they are installed, so they get pulled off the pallet in the order needed.
Applicant is essentially “3D printing” a house in 4-foot sections, floor by floor.
Each piece placed forces the next piece to be aligned and positioned correctly.
The method eliminates any need for separate reinforcing or attachment brackets. Brackets are replaced with overlap joints.
All intersections of the C-channel frame members of the roof frame members, lateral frame members, etc. have the overlap.
The steel C-channel and foam panels align one another.
For a small building (e.g., 8×12 pool house or the like), a skirt can be provided. First step is to either place the skirt (e.g., leveled) or assemble the floor. The skirt provides a location to screw into.
Step 1—lay down floor (or skirt)
Step 2—start with ½ frame (C-channel frame members) that partially defines the floor, wall, and roof.
Step 3—insert foam (wall panels, floor panels, transition panels).
Step 4—insert next ½ of steel C-channel frame member.
Step 5—repeat.
If the building is small, no stubs are needed in the floor. The stubs simply help with plumbing larger length vertical members, and ensuring proper overlap joints are made.
In an embodiment (e.g., where stubs are employed), it can be helpful to start with one of the frame members that is not an endwall (that includes back-to-back C-channel frame members).
The stub is rigid because it is short, and anchored into the floor C-channel frame member(s).
Flat pack is also helpful.
Use of a low-pressure low velocity furnace is particularly useful with such a system.
One can create an opening into a plenum that can be pre-formed in the floor or roof transition panels. Such a plenum can be provided in the transition panels (floor-to-wall and wall-to-roof transition panels), creating a plenum that runs along the length of the floor and/or roof. Such a plenum pre-formed into the panels can eliminate or reduce any need for separate HVAC ducting.
It is also possible to add various specific functions into the transition panels (as they are already different from the standard wall and floor panels anyway).
Low volume ducting can be used to connect plenums, if desired.
One can caulk or apply adhesive around the plenum, when connecting one module to the next.
Greatly simplifies HVAC work.
Plenum is in the thermal break portion of the panel.
Electrical cabling can be run in a cable raceway pre-formed within the wall-to-floor transition panel, along the exterior of the wall-to-floor transition panel.
3rd parties can provide a module with particular functionality, compatible with Applicant's SIMPLYBILT system (e.g., heating, electrical, plumbing, fireplace, windows, doors, etc.).
Such functionality panels can replace 1 or more standard and/or transition panels. Such 3rd parties can provide any functionality they want in the “middle” of such a system, so long as the ends where the functional module joins to the next module or panel is the same as provided in the standard module and panels. All that matters is the edges, where such a system connects to adjacent panels. A 3rd party can provide any desired functionality in the middle of such a “plug and play” system.
There can be a digital warehouse of modules that are compatible with Applicants' SIMPLYBILT system, provided by 3rd parties, for use in design of any building desired.
Metal C-channel frame members go in one at a time (not as a fully assembled frame, or even an assembled I-beam). It is far lighter and easier to handle this way.
Push the splines/furring strips in prior to placement of the steel C-channel member.
In an embodiment, a slot can be provided in the panel for rack attachment to the C-channel.
The transitions are what makes this system work.
The claimed process is essentially a 4-step process:
Features from any of the disclosed embodiments may be used in combination with one another, without limitation. In addition, other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art through consideration of the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only illustrated embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The drawings illustrate several embodiments of the invention, wherein identical reference numerals refer to identical or similar elements or features in different views or embodiments shown in the drawings.
Various other modular panels that may be used, or modifications thereof, are described in Applicant's applications already incorporated herein by reference.
Some ranges may be disclosed herein. Additional ranges may be defined between any values disclosed herein as being exemplary of a particular parameter. All such ranges are contemplated and within the scope of the present disclosure.
Numbers, percentages, ratios, or other values stated herein may include that value, and also other values that are about or approximately the stated value, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. A stated value should therefore be interpreted broadly enough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the stated value to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result, and/or values that round to the stated value. The stated values for example thus include values that are within 20%, 10%, within 5%, within 1%, etc. of a stated value.
All numbers used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”, unless otherwise indicated. The use of “about”, “substantially” and the like may particularly include values within the above stated variance (e.g., within 20%, 10%, 5%, 1%). Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the subject matter presented herein are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
Any directions or reference frames in the description are merely relative directions (or movements). For example, any references to “top”, “bottom”, “up” “down”, “above”, “below” or the like are merely descriptive of the relative position or movement of the related elements as shown, and it will be understood that these may change as the structure is rotated, moved, the perspective changes, etc.
All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein, whether supra or infra, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to modular building methods and systems where the building is constructed using lightweight foam modular panels in which the panels are pre-slotted, to include one or more channels formed through the length or width of the lightweight foam body of the panel. The panel can have a geometry where the cross-section is consistent, across its entire length or width (i.e., a geometry that could be extruded). The channels are configured to receive one or both elongate flanges of a corresponding C-channel frame member. In an embodiment, the C-channel frame members are metal (e.g., steel). The flanges and associated channels into which they are received can be configured so that the flanges are not exposed on an outside face of the lightweight body (at least once the construction is finished, if not before), but so that the flange is restrained in the wall, floor, or roof which it forms a part of (e.g., it can only slide in and out of the channel once placed—with 1 degree of freedom).
The system may be configured to provide an interior horizontally or vertically or otherwise positioned I-beam in a wall (or floor or roof) constructed with such panels and C-channel frame members, where each I-beam is positioned between such panels, of adjacent module portions of the building construction. The flanges and web of each I-beam may be formed from back-to-back C-channel frame members, such that the I-beam is not prefabricated, but is actually assembled in-situ, as the panels and C-channel frame members are positioned to build the wall, floor, and/or roof of the building structure. While pre-fabricated I-beam frame members could be used, it is actually an advantage to not employ such (e.g., lighter weight components, ease of construction with placing one C-channel frame member at a time, etc.).
The panels may include channels for additional splines, beyond those that accommodate the flanges of the C-channel frame members, e.g., for insertion of furring strip splines or the like. Such furring strips may be helpful in providing additional attachment points for nails, screws or the like, e.g., for sheathing or other material positioned over the wall, floor, or ceiling.
The modular panels may have a thickness (e.g., foam thickness) that is typically greater than 4 inches, e.g., 5.5 inches, (the same width as a 2×6) or 7.25 inches (the same width as a 2×8). Because the panels include a cross-sectional geometry that is consistent across the length or width of the panel, they provide excellent flexibility in constructing any desired wall structure or building.
The modular panels can be formed on a CNC hot wire cutting device, where all necessary deep cuts are formed (as it can be difficult to accurately cut foam material thicker than about 2 inches without such a device). Because the panels are formed under such conditions, during manufacture, high precision and accuracy are possible (which may not be practical to achieve on a job site). Furthermore, by cutting the panels on such a CNC device, the rectangular panels themselves can be formed to very high precision and accuracy dimensions. For example, a 2 foot by 4 foot, or 2 foot by 8 foot panel, 5.5 or 7.25 inches thick will be perfectly “square” and plumb, allowing the panel itself to be used as a square, level, or jig. This characteristic greatly reduces the need for skilled labor, as the panel and C-channel frame members themselves serve as a template in order to properly align one another (i.e., no tape measure or square is needed). This helps to ensure a robust composite structure having the proper geometry (e.g., right angled walls where such is desired, level floors, level ceilings, and the like).
The present methods and systems of assembly allow for relatively open-source construction, with a relatively high degree of customizability to the building being constructed, all achievable at lower cost and/or time as compared to existing methods of construction. Furthermore, even with such relative flexibility, little if any skilled labor is required. For example, a model, isometric view or blueprint image of the building to be constructed could simply be provided, with the crew only being required to assemble the modules one after another, as shown in the model, isometric view or blueprint (e.g., akin to LEGO instructions).
It is also advantageous that the foam material (e.g., expanded polystyrene, or other foamed insulative materials) from which the modular panels are constructed may be readily available nearly anywhere, such that the foam panels may be manufactured at a foam production facility near the construction site (minimizing shipping distance and expense). This provides savings and convenience in that the foam panels can be manufactured locally, avoiding the significant expense of shipping foam (which occupies a large volume, even though it weights little).
For example, such foam may typically have a density from about 1 lb/ft3 to 2 lb/ft3, and provide an insulative value of about R4 per inch of foam thickness. A wall constructed using a 5.5 inch or 7.25 inch thick foam panel as described herein may provide an R value of about R25 or R30, respectively.
Modular panel 100 includes a lightweight body 102. Body 102 may comprise or otherwise be formed from a foam material, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam. Such material may be rigid. Such panels may be precision cut from blocks of rigid, already cured EPS foam. For example, EPS foam is often available as 3×4×8 foot blocks. Such a block may be sufficient to produce several modular panels as shown in
Each panel 100 includes one or more (e.g., a plurality of) channels 104 extending horizontally or vertically through the length (e.g., width) or height of panel 100. The panel also includes first and second (e.g., interior and exterior) panel faces 106a and 106b, opposing sides 108a, 108b, a top end 110a, and a bottom end 110b. In the illustrated configuration, panel 100 includes first and second vertical channels 104a, 104b, formed into each of opposing sides 108a, 108b, the channels being positioned off-center relative to the thickness of foam body 102, with channel 104a positioned towards (i.e., closer to) panel face 106a and channel 104b positioned towards panel face 106b (i.e., closer to panel face 106b than the center of the thickness of foam body 102). In the illustrated embodiment, channels 104a and 104b are also positioned different distances away from their corresponding panel faces 106a, 106b, with channel 104b being closer to panel face 106b than channel 104a is to panel face 104a. The distance between such channels corresponds to the spacing between the flanges of the C-channel frame members. In another embodiment, rather than including two channels in each side 108a, 108b, only one vertical channel may be provided, where one flange of the C-channel frame member is received into the single channel (e.g., 104a), and the other flange wraps around the opposite edge, between side 108a/108b and the corresponding panel face 106b.
Panel 100 also includes top and bottom channels 104a′, 104b′, and 104a″ and 104b″, which are each configured to receive a flexible elongate spline (e.g., furring strip). In an embodiment, such splines are advantageously not dimensional lumber, which although readily available, is notorious for being warped, making it difficult to slide such a flange into any of such channels. Rather, any such included splines or furring strips may be formed from oriented strand board (“OSB”), plywood, or another material. Such furring strips may provide excellent attachment points within the panel, e.g., when securing drywall or other sheathing material over one or both panel faces 106a, 106b.
Any such channels within panel 100 may have dimensions just slightly larger than those of the elongate flange or spline to be received, so as to not bind within the channel, but so as to be freely insertable therein (e.g., a clearance of 1/32 inch or 1/16 inch or so, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art, may be provided). As shown, each of channels 104a′, 104b′, 104a″ and 104b′ are half-size height, in the top and bottom ends 110a and 110b of panel 100. Such reduced-size (e.g., half-height) channels are intended to accommodate elongate splines that run through the reduced-size channel (e.g., half height), and another reduced-size (e.g., half-height) channel of an adjacent panel 100 stacked above or below the illustrated panel, when constructing a wall.
In an embodiment, when a flange or spline is received into any of the channels (104a, 104b, 104a′, 104b′, 104a″ or 104b″), the flange or spline is not exposed on either exterior face 106a or 106b of panel 100. Such a configuration may prevent any ghosting or thermal bridging problem that might otherwise occur. That said, as noted, in an embodiment, where channel 104b is not provided, one flange of the C-channel frame members may be received in channel 104a, while the other flange wraps around the edge between one of opposing sides 108a/108b and face 106b.
Any of the splines or flanges may be more securely retained within any of the channels with any suitable adhesive. Without use of such an adhesive, the building system may actually be reversible, allowing dis-assembly of the components in a way that allows them to easily and quickly be re-assembled, e.g., at a different time, or in a different location. Such characteristics may be particularly beneficial for temporary structures (e.g., emergency housing, sets for plays or other drama productions, and the like). Where an adhesive is used, such adhesive may be injected into the channel or placed on the splines or flanges, prior to channel insertion. Once drywall or other sheathing is placed over the foam panel faces 106a or 106b, nails or screws may further be used to secure such sheathing to the splines within any of such channels.
While the panels may be provided in lengths of 4 or 8 feet or any other desired length, they are easily cut, e.g., using a conventional circular saw (e.g., with a deep blade). They can easily be cut before insertion of any spline flanges and/or I-beams (in which case one is simply cutting through foam).
While shown with straight planar walls, it will be appreciated that curved walls are also possible, e.g., by providing closely spaced (e.g., 6 inches or less, 4 inches or less, 3 inches or less, or 2 inches or less, such as 1 inch spacing) pre-cut slits into at least one face of the panel that is to be used in forming a curved wall. Such slits would allow the panel to be flexed, creating a curved continuous face along the opposite major planar face. Such slits could of course be filled in on the cut face, for finishing, if desired.
All components and steps of the method and system can be handled without heavy equipment (e.g., cranes). In fact, the modular panels and C-channel frame members are so light as to be easily handled and positioned by a crew of women. For example, the panels (e.g., 2 feet×4 feet) may weigh less than 40 lbs, less than 30 lbs, less than 20 lbs, or less than 15 lbs. A 2 foot×8 foot panel weighs only about 6-7 lbs, and a 2 foot by 4 foot panel weighs even less. Corresponding metal C-channel members similarly may weigh less than 15 lbs, or less than 10 lbs each.
In either the configuration of
Both illustrated panels 100 and 100a include a stair-stepped configuration 133 at the top and bottom ends 110a/110b of the panel, where adjacent panels mate to one another, which prevents water from entering at what might otherwise be a simple horizontal seam between stacked foam panels. Such a stair-stepped or inclined surface or interface can be provided at the interface of all panels attaching to one another, whether one standard panel to another standard panel (as in a wall, floor, or roof), or a transition panel attaching to a standard panel. In other words, the top and bottom ends of each panel include a stair stepped configuration at 133, so that the horizontal seam 135 is followed by an inclined or stair-stepped surface, preventing water from seeping in between stacked panels.
Any desired roof pitch may be accommodated by such construction. Exemplary pitches include any desired pitch ratio, such as from 12/1 to 12/18 (e.g., 12/1; 12/2, 12/3; 12/4; 12/5; 12/6; 12/7; 12/8; 12/9; 12/10; 12/11; 12/12; 12/13; 12/14; 12/15; 12/16; 12/17; or 12/18). A flat roof is of course also possible.
Each of the wall leg 120 and the roof leg 122 further includes pre-slotted channels 104a and 104b, so as to axially align with the corresponding flange-receiving channels 104a and 104b in the corresponding wall and roof panels 100 and 100b, as well. For example, as shown, the wall leg 120 includes vertical channels 104a and 104b, which align with the same flange-receiving channels of the adjacent top-most wall panel 100. Similarly, roof leg 122 includes substantially horizontal channels 104a and 104b, which align with the same flange receiving channels of the adjacent roof panel 100b.
Wall-to-roof transition panel 100c is also shown as including a ducting plenum 124 formed into the foam of the roof leg 122 of the wall-to-roof transition panel 100c, to make a continuous insulated HVAC duct that runs continuously along the length of successive “slices” of a building structure constructed using such panels. Vents into the ducting plenum 124 can simply be cut at any desired location. It is also possible to connect formed ducting on opposite sides of the building, by installing, e.g., plastic piping that is inserted into slots that could be cut into each foam panel forming the ceiling, so as to create a path perpendicular relative to the pre-formed ducts 124. Since each “slice” of the structure is a repeat of the previous “slice”, continuous runs can be created. Between foam panels, gaskets or a sealant can be used between “slices” as each cross-sectional “slice” of the structure is installed.
Each of the wall leg 126 and the floor leg 128 further includes pre-slotted channels 104a and 104b, so as to axially align with the corresponding flange-receiving channels 104a and 104b in the corresponding wall and floor panels 100 (or 100a), as well. For example, as shown, the wall leg 126 includes vertical channels 104a and 104b, which align with the same flange-receiving channels of the adjacent bottom-most wall panel. Similarly, floor leg 128 includes horizontal channels 104a and 104b, which align with the same flange-receiving channels of the adjacent floor panel.
Wall-to-floor transition panel 100d is also shown as including a ducting plenum 130 formed into the foam of the floor leg 128 of the wall-to-floor transition panel 100d, to make a continuous insulated HVAC duct that runs continuously along the floor length of successive “slices” of a building structure constructed using such panels. Holes can be cut into the subfloor 132 at any location along the length of such a plenum 130, for floor vents into the structure. A furnace may be installed directly over such a preformed duct plenum 130. Such a feature is advantageous, for reducing the work required for HVAC ducting, etc. As with the ducting plenum described in conjunction with the wall-to-roof transition panels, since each “slice” of the structure is a repeat of the previous “slice”, continuous runs of such ducting in roof and floor can be created. Between foam panels, gaskets or a sealant can be used between “slices” as each cross-sectional “slice” of the structure is installed. While
As shown, the bottom of the wall leg 126 forms a ledge with a recessed lower portion 136, into which the C-channel frame member skirt can be received, as will be seen in the following Figures. The cantilevered portion of the foam into which tray 134 is formed may thus rest on top of, and be supported by such skirt.
The very simple method of construction made possible using wall panels such as that shown in
Referring to 5, for small structures, a steel skirt 138 can be installed, or a floor can be provided (e.g., step 1). A first frame 140 partially defining the floor, a wall and roof can be formed, as shown in
As noted, in repeating step 2 again (the forming of a first frame), the other “half” of the floor, wall and roof steel C-channel frame members needed to form an I-beam configuration are installed, back-to-back relative to the earlier installed C-channel frame members, that were installed in step 4 (forming the second frame). The right side of
Turning to
Both halves of wall, and floor steel C-channel members are typically of the same length, and are just offset to facilitate the overlap connection. The offset overlap connection reduces the number of differently configured steel pieces. If the structure has no eaves, then the two roof steel members can be the same length, and simply offset the width of the wall members. By offsetting, this ensures correct orientation of the placement of the steel C-channel members as one installs opposite sides so that the eaves bypass correctly. This method makes it so the steel can only be installed one way, eliminating or reducing installation mistakes.
Alignment holes may be provided within such stubs, e.g., for alignment with the adjacent vertical wall member. For example, such an overlap connection is perhaps best apparent where vertical C-channel frame members 162/160 are lowered down, to provide an overlap connection between stub 170 and wall vertical C-channel frame member 162. Of course, any back-to-back C-channel frame members (e.g., such as 160 and 162) can be screwed or otherwise secured together as well, while or once the first frame including C-channel frame member 160 is installed.
Each foam component 176, 178, 180, 182 has a slot 104a cut into it so that it will integrate with the steel frame of the structure in the same way that a standard foam panel does, to ensure proper alignment with other foam panels in the system.
Exterior jamb material can be attached to the interior splines in channels 184 to retain the window unit. If the window needs to be replaced in the future, then the jamb material can simply be removed and replaced with a replacement window unit. A sill 188 can be attached, as shown.
Each of the four foam pieces 176, 178, 180, 182 that form the foam window frame are made so a flange is formed so that the window unit is simply pushed against to facilitate proper location of the window unit. Since the foam elements are precision machined, the opening that accepts the window unit is square and provides a tight fit, therefore not requiring any shimming of the window unit.
The window glass can simply be an insulated glass unit, and does not require a frame when the window is a non-operable unit (does not open), thus reducing cost significantly. Such a configuration is also more energy efficient, as there is no thermal loss as occurs through a typical frame. The foam components 176, 178, 180, 182 basically become the frame. However, a normal operable window with a frame can also be installed, in the same manner.
While the Figures illustrate construction of simple exemplary walls and buildings to illustrate concepts of the present construction methods and systems, it will be appreciated that the methods and systems may be used to construct a nearly endless variety of buildings.
It will also be appreciated that the present claimed invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative, not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. Additionally, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The present application claims priority to, and the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63/426,247 (18944.25) filed Nov. 17, 2022. The present application also is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/706,463 (18944.18.7) filed Mar. 28, 2022, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/942,166 (18944.18.5) (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,286,658), filed Jul. 29, 2020, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/824,209 (18944.18.3) (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,352,775) filed Mar. 19, 2020, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/991,889 (18944.18.4), filed Mar. 19, 2020. Application Ser. No. 16/824,209 is also a continuation-in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/709,674 (18944.18.2) (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,865,560) filed Dec. 10, 2019, which claims priority to and the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/777,648 (18944.18) and 62/890,818 (18944.18.1), filed Dec. 10, 2018 and Aug. 23, 2019, respectively. application Ser. No. 17/706,463 (18944.18.7) also claims the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application Nos. 63/278,040 (18944.23) and 63/278,042 (18944.24), both filed Nov. 10, 2021. Each of the foregoing applications is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The present application also incorporates by reference U.S. Patent Application No. 63/273,044 (18944.18.6) filed Oct. 28, 2021.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62991889 | Mar 2020 | US | |
| 62777648 | Dec 2018 | US | |
| 62890818 | Aug 2019 | US | |
| 63278040 | Nov 2021 | US | |
| 63278042 | Nov 2021 | US | |
| 63426247 | Nov 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17706463 | Mar 2022 | US |
| Child | 18513276 | US | |
| Parent | 16942166 | Jul 2020 | US |
| Child | 17706463 | US | |
| Parent | 16824209 | Mar 2020 | US |
| Child | 16942166 | US | |
| Parent | 16709674 | Dec 2019 | US |
| Child | 16824209 | US |
