Patent Application
20080292472
This invention relates to a method for controlling the pressure output of an engine-driven pump system. Specifically, this invention relates to a method of controlling the discharge pressure of an engine-driven pump for use in a fire truck.
It is vital to control the discharge pressure of an engine-driven fire pump mounted on or in a fire truck. The pump must supply water at various rates and steady pressure so that firemen operating the hoses at a fire scene can control the reaction force generated by their hose nozzles. Fire pumps as used here are centrifugal pumps. These pumps add pressure to the incoming source of water. Therefore pressure changes in the supply are pressure changes in the discharge. This is problematic because even slight variations in pressure in the supply line leading to the intake of the pump are amplified by the pump on the discharge side, causing surges or oscillations in the water flow discharge at the nozzle and corresponding changes in the reaction forces. Such changes are extremely dangerous, as they can pull a nozzle out of the fireman's grip, or even throw him or her off a ladder or ledge.
The simplest prior art device for controlling the pressure output of the fire pump is a mechanical relief valve which opens to discharge excess water when the pressure is higher than the desired output pressure. A shortcoming of such a valve, however, is that, the relief valve only functions to dissipate excess pressure, and has no utility in situations where the pressure is too low, such as when the water source is being depleted or another hose is connected to the system. In addition, if the pump engine continues to operate at full speed after the relief valve is opened, water will be continuously recirculated in the system, resulting in needless waste and wear and tear on the pump and engine. Overheating of the pump and engine is also more likely.
Electronically operated pressure controlled systems have been developed. Two such systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,869 and 4,189,005 to McLoughlin, the subject matter of which is herein incorporated by reference. In these systems, the desired output pressure is dialed in or otherwise transmitted to a control box on the board of the fire truck, where it is compared to the actual output pressure as measured by a transducer. Any difference between the desired and actual output pressure is converted to an electrical signal which is fed to a DC motor which increases or decreases the rpm of the centrifugal pump as needed until the desired output pressure is reached. A shortcoming of this type of system is that, because the response time of the servo-mechanism controlling the engine is slow, much time can pass before the appropriate rpm and correct discharge pressure are reached. This is especially troublesome during transient events, such as overpressure spikes, where the system's response time is greater than the length of the event. Furthermore, no allowance is made for situations such as when the engine is already at idle and the incoming pressure suddenly increases, or is higher than desired, such as what can happen when the pump is connected to a hydrant. Recent engine technology has replaced the servo with direct commands to the engine computer or an electrical throttle control which can improve response times.
Another control system of interest is disclosed in German Patent No. 1,274,402 to Mueller and Company, which discloses an engine-driven pump which responds to an over pressure in the supply line by simultaneously opening a pressure relief valve and mechanically reducing the engine speed. The shortcoming of this purely mechanical system is that by its nature, in cases of over pressure, the relief valve will always be open to some extent, allowing some fluid to always bypass the relief valve, and the engine rpm will always be above its idle setting to a certain extent.
Another pressure control system of interest is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,051, which discloses an engine-driven pump which responds to an over pressure in the supply line and lowers the engine rpm and simultaneously controls a pressure relief valve which may be commanded to open and dump water for short durations to relieve over pressure spikes, or for longer duration to relieve excess water coming into the pump. The shortcomings of this system are that the change in engine speed and the relief valve may be operated at the same time resulting in a waste of water. In addition, operating the engine and relief valve simultaneously results in a needlessly complicated response system.
Accordingly, a need exists for a new and improved electronically operated fire pump discharge pressure control system for quickly and safely responding to drops or increases in the incoming pressure of a fire pump, which change the discharge pressure required, as well as changes in discharge pressure due to the opening or shutting off of various valves downstream of the pump.
Briefly stated, the present invention is directed to a method for controlling the discharge pressure of an engine-driven centrifugal pump in a system. The system includes an engine having an idle speed Si. The engine drives the pump. An intake line is coupled to the pump for receiving a liquid. The pump has a discharge line coupled to the pump for discharging the liquid. An internal pressure sensor in the discharge line senses the actual internal pressure Pa in the discharge line. A relief valve is in the discharge line. The relief valve is movable in a first direction away from a fully closed initial position. A controller is operatively connected to the engine, the internal pressure sensor, and the relief valve for varying the speed of the engine and a position of the relief valve. The method comprises the steps of selecting a desired internal pressure Pd for the discharge line. The engine is operated to drive the pump and create pressure in the discharge line. If the actual internal pressure Pa is less than the desired internal pressure Pd the engine speed is increased while maintaining the relief valve in the fully closed position. If the actual internal pressure Pa is greater than the desired internal pressure Pd and the engine speed is greater than the idle speed Si, the engine speed is decreased while maintaining the relief valve in the fully closed position. If the actual internal pressure Pa is greater than the desired internal pressure Pd and the engine speed is equal to or less than the idle speed Si, the relief valve is opened without adjusting the speed of the engine. If the actual internal pressure Pa is less than the desired internal pressure Pd and the engine speed is less than or equal to the idle speed Si, the relief valve is maintained in a closed position. The adjustment of the relief valve and engine speed is continuously carried by repeating the foregoing steps.
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings an embodiment which is presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
In the drawings:
Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words, “right”, “left”, “up”, “down”, “top”, and “bottom” designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words “interior” and “exterior” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the pump system or parts or portions thereof. Furthermore, as used herein, the article, “a” or singular components include the plural or more than one component, unless specifically and explicitly restricted to the singular or a singular component or unless a singular meaning is apparent from the context. The terminology includes the words above specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof and words of similar meaning.
Referring to the drawings in detail, wherein like reference numerals are used to identify like components throughout, there is shown in
An intake line 16 is coupled to the pump 12 for receiving a fire suppressing liquid, such as water or foam. The intake line 16 delivers liquid to the pump 12 from an external or internal water source (not shown) such as a tank of the truck, a fire hydrant, or an open body of water (not shown). A discharge line 18 is coupled to the pump 12 for discharging the pressurized liquid through a hose 34. The hose 34 is coupled to a manifold 35 to provide for a series of hoses 34 for multiple discharges from a single system 10. Alternatively, the manifold 35 may be omitted and only a single hose 34 is used.
A pencil strainer 20 is mounted on the discharge line 18 downstream of the pump 12. The pencil strainer 20 is located within the flow or perpendicular to the flow direction in the discharge line 18. The pencil strainer 20 can be any self cleaning strainer. A pilot control line 22 is connected to the discharge line 18 just downstream from the pump 12 where the pencil strainer 20 is located. The pencil strainer 20 directs some of the flow of the liquid up into the pilot control line 22. The pilot control line 22 is connected to a flow control valve 28. The pressure sensor 24 measures the actual internal pressure Pa in the discharge line 18. The pressure sensor 24 may be of any type such as a Bourdon type potentiometer, semi-conductor transducer, or a strain gauge type transducer.
The pressure sensor 24 and flow control valve 20 output an electrical signal to a pressure governor 26 which represents the actual internal pressure Pa. The pressure governor 26 is also electrically coupled to the engine 14. As discussed in more detail hereinafter, the pressure governor 26 controls the position of the flow control valve 28 and the speed of the engine 14 in response to the actual internal pressure Pa in the discharge line 18 and the actual speed of the engine 14. The pressure governor 26 also controls the flow of liquid through the flow control valve 28 from the pilot control line 22 to a conduit 23 which is coupled to a relief valve 32, as described in more detail hereinafter. The pressure governor 26 has a user interface 30 with a readout of pressure, engine rpms, and system measurements. The interface 30 may display more or less readings described above and in a variety of configurations. The user interface 30 may have push buttons, knobs, or touch screens. The user interface 30 also allows the user to increase or decrease a desired internal pressure Pd for the discharge line 18. The desired internal pressure Pd may be converted into a desired output pressure Po that will vary depending on the number of hoses 34 and an estimated loss factor due to any leakage in the system 10 or length of the hoses 34. The user interface 30 may be mounted on or in the fire truck (not shown) or the end of one of the hoses 34.
An alarm or alarms (not shown) may also be incorporated to provide warnings when various problems occur, such as water shortages, high temperatures or the like. The alarm or alarms may be either visual, in the form of warning lights on the truck or the user interface 30, audible or tactile. A tactile alarm would cause the flow within a hose 34 to modulate so that a hose operator would feel the hose shaking and thus be aware of a problem.
The relief valve 32 is coupled to the conduit 23 downstream from the flow control valve 28. The relief valve 32 is also coupled to the discharge line 18 downstream from the pump 12 and pencil strainer 20. The relief valve 32 has a first position when the relief valve 32 is fully closed as depicted in
The relief valve 32 is not limited the hydraulic relief valve 32. Specifically, a solenoid controlled relief valve (not shown) could be used without departing from spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, more than one relief valve may be incorporated in the system 10, such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,653,978, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The system 10 may also include a pump temperature sensor (not shown) which sends a signal to the pressure governor 26 when a maximum safe temperature is reached, as may happen when the pump is operating with all discharge lines 18 shut so that no water flows through the system. The pressure governor would then output a signal to a pump-to-tank valve (not shown) to discharge high temperature liquid until a safe temperature is reached.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
