Patent Application
20140150471
This application claims the benefit of priority from European Patent Application No. 11 306 694.8, filed on Dec. 19, 2011, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for cooling a plant for superconductive cables which includes two thermally insulated end closures and at least one thermally insulated, tubular cryostat, in which at least one superconductive cable is arranged by means of which liquid nitrogen contained in a cooling agent supply is pumped by means of a pump through a first end closure and the cryostat to a second end closure (EP 2 328 156 A1).
2. Description of Related Art
In today's technology, superconductive cables have electrical conductors of a composite material containing ceramic material that changes over into the superconductive state at sufficiently low temperatures. The electrical direct current resistance of a correspondingly built conductor is zero with sufficient cooling, as long as a certain voltage has not been exceeded. Suitable ceramic materials are, for example, BSCCO (bismuth-strontium-calcium-copper oxide) as material of the first generation or ReBCO (rare-earth-barium, copper oxide), particularly YBCO (yttrium-barium-copper oxide) as materials of the second generation. In conventional technology, such superconductive conductors are cooled with liquid nitrogen which, for this purpose, has a temperature of operation of usually less than 77K.
For cooling the nitrogen to the stated temperature, known methods utilize cooling units to which pumps are connected by means of which liquid nitrogen is pumped with sufficient pressure into an end closure and through the cryostat to the other, second end closure. Such a method is described, for example, in the above mentioned EP 2 328 156 A1. The nitrogen can be conveyed from the second end closure for renewed cooling to operating temperature by a suitable pipe to the respective cooling unit. This unit is, in its totality, complicated and the known cooling units have parts which are subject to wear and may have to be replaced if necessary. Therefore, such a cooling unit requires continuous maintenance.
It is the object of the present invention to simplify the above described method.
In accordance with the invention, this object is met in that,
This method operates almost maintenance free since no parts that are subject to wear are present for cooling the nitrogen. A tank filled with liquid nitrogen is made available for purchase by the plant operator, from the producer of the nitrogen. In a preferred embodiment, the nitrogen can be refilled in time intervals during running operation. However, it is also possible to use a second tank to which the supply of the plant may be switched for supplying the plant without interruption of the operation.
As the distance from the feeding location of the plant increases, the nitrogen gradually warms and is advantageously returned into the tank in which it can evaporate. The cold gas produced during evaporation can then be utilized advantageously for additionally cooling the plant components, such as, for cooling the end closures.
If, for example, during direct current operation of the plant, two cryostats are arranged between the two end closures, each of which contains a superconductive cable, then a tank with liquid nitrogen can also be connected to the second end closure.
The method according to the invention will be explained with the aid of embodiments shown in the drawings.
In the drawing:
in
An end closure 1 or 2 consists basically of a vacuum-insulated housing in which all electrical components for connecting at least one electrical superconductive cable are contained, and which includes a passage for connecting further electrical cables which are to be operated at normal temperature. A cryostat 3 consists basically of at least one metal pipe which is thermally insulated. In accordance with
At least one electrically superconductive cable SK is arranged in the cryostat 3, wherein the construction of the cable SK is also basically known. Therefore, the cable is not further discussed here in detail. The cryostat 3 additionally encloses a free space FR through which, during operation of the plant, liquid nitrogen is conducted as the cooling agent for the superconductive cable SK.
Also belonging to the plant is a vacuum insulated tank 7 which contains liquid nitrogen. The tank 7 is connected through a thermally insulated pipeline 8 to the first end closure 1. The pump 9 is connected to the pipeline. A second tank 10 which may be provided is shown in broken lines. The second tank 10 can be connected to the first end closure 1 when the first tank 7 no longer contains sufficient liquid nitrogen. The tank 7—possibly also the tank 10—is connected to the second end closure 2 through a thermally insulated pipeline 11. In order to maintain a predeterminable pressure level in the plant, a pressure control valve 12 can be mounted in pipeline 11, in front of the inlet into the tank 7 (or 10).
The method according to the invention is carried out, for example, as follows:
After switching through all electrical conveying paths—prior to the actual switching on of the electrical voltage—liquid nitrogen is conducted by means of the pump 9 into the first end closure 1 and is pumped with sufficient pressure through the end closure 1 and the cryostat 3 to the second end closure 2. As soon as the superconductive cable SK has sufficiently cooled, the latter can be connected to an electrical voltage source. Cooling of the cable SK is maintained by a continuous supply of liquid nitrogen from the tank 7. Advantageously, the supply of liquid nitrogen is continuously supplemented in the tank 7 during operation in order to maintain a sufficient level for a safe operation of the plant.
If applicable, the supply of liquid nitrogen can also be switched over to the tank 10. The tank 7 can then again be filled. In this manner, the liquid nitrogen can be switched back and forth between the tanks 7 and 10 for a continuous sufficient supply of the liquid nitrogen to the plant.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the method, the nitrogen, which has become warm when reaching the second end closure 2 at the end of its conveying path, is returned through the pipeline 11 into the tank 7. The nitrogen can then evaporate in the tank 2. The cold gas produced during the evaporation can advantageously be utilized for additionally cooling the plant components, for example, for cooling the end closures. The gaseous phase of the nitrogen, which has been warmed almost to ambient temperature, can be discharged into the surrounding area.
The method according to the invention can also be advantageously used if, in the case of direct current transmission according to
The method for cooling this plant is advantageously carried out in such a way that liquid nitrogen is conveyed to the first end closure 1 and is pumped through the cryostat 13 to the second end closure 2. At that location, the heated nitrogen can be conducted through the thermally insulated pipeline 18 into the tank 15 with the additional cooling effect of the cold gas as described above.
Simultaneously, liquid nitrogen is conducted out of the tank 15 to the second end closure 2, and is pumped through the cryostat 14 to the first end closure 1. From there the heated nitrogen can them be conducted through a thermally insulated pipeline 19 into the tank 7.
For maintaining a certain predetermined pressure level in the plant, it is possible also in this embodiment with two tanks 7 and 15, to install a pressure regulating valve in front of the respective tank inlet in the return pipeline.
