Claims
- 1. A method for decarburization-refining chromium-contained molten steel under one of an atmospheric pressure and a reduced pressure by blowing oxygen gas and inert gas into the molten steel, comprising the steps of:a) refining the molten steel; b) determining, in sequence: i. a temperature of the molten steel during step (a) using at least one of an actual measurement and a computation of the temperature of the molten steel before step (a) and refining conditions, ii. [C] and [Cr] concentrations during step (a) using the at least one of the actual measurement and the computation from components of the molten steel before step (a) and the refining conditions, iii. a CO partial pressure PCO in an atmosphere during the refining from the total pressure P of the atmosphere, an oxygen gas supply rate and an inert gas supply rate, iv. a Hilty's equilibrium temperature TH from concentrations of [C] and [Cr] and PCO, v. a difference ΔT between the molten steel temperature during step (a) and the Hilty's equilibrium temperature TH; and c) controlling the refining conditions so that the ΔT may be at least a predetermined value.
- 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentrations of [C] and [Cr] are determined during step (a) by a computation, from the molten steel components before step (a), a supplied oxygen amount as the total oxygen amount of an oxygen as and a solid oxygen source, a transition of the oxygen gas to a blown gas ratio and past refining data.
- 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of [C] and [Cr] are determined during step (a) based on an analysis of an exhaust gas.
- 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentrations of [C] and [Cr] are determined, in sequence, during step (a) by:i. setting the concentrations of [C] and [Cr] before step (a) as initial concentrations, ii. repeating a determination of a decarburization oxygen efficiency η as the function of the difference ΔT, iii. determining a decarburization rate and a [Cr] oxidation rate from the decarburization oxygen efficiency η and an oxygen gas supply rate, and iv. revising the concentrations of [C] and [Cr].
- 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decarburization-refining process under a reduced pressure includes at least three terms, comprising:i. a first term starting from a commencement of a decompression to a commencement of an oxygen gas blow, ii. a second term during which an oxygen gas ratio to blown gas is 20% or more after the first term, and iii. a third term during which an oxygen gas to blown gas ratio is less than 20% after the first term, and further comprising the steps of: d) in the first term, determining, in sequence: i. an [O] concentration before the commencement of the decompression from a [C] concentration in the molten steel before the commencement of the decompression, ii. a [C] activity in the molten steel and the molten steel temperature before the commencement of the decompression, iii. a decarburized amount during the natural decarburization term as a function of the [O] concentration before the commencement of the decompression, and iv. a [Cr] concentration as a function of the decarburized amount during the natural decarburization term; e) in the second term, determining, in sequence, the concentrations of [C] and [Cr] during step (a) through the computation processes of i. setting the [C] and [Cr] concentrations at the time of the commencement of the oxygen decarburization term as the initial concentrations, and ii. repeating the processes of determining a decarburization oxygen efficiency η as the function of said difference ΔT, determining a decarburization rate and a [Cr] oxidation rate from the decarburization oxygen efficiency η and an oxygen gas supply rate, and revising the [C] and [Cr] concentrations; and f) in the third term, determining: i. a variation of a logarithmic value of the [C] concentration from the commencement of the diffusive decarburization term as a function proportionate to a time period t from the commencement of the diffusive decarburization term, and ii. the [Cr] concentration as a function of an oxygen supply rate and a decarburization rate.
- 6. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the steps of determining a decarburization rate Δ[C] and a [Cr] oxidation rate Δ[Cr] from the decarburization oxygen efficiency η and an oxygen gas supply rate qT, and revising [C] and [Cr] concentrations y using the following formulae:Δ[C]=η×qT×(1−R)×12/11.2/(10×Wm), Δ[Cr]=(1−η)×qT×(1−R)×104/33.6/(10×Wm), wherein Δ[C] and Δ[Cr] are the variations of [C] and [Cr] per unit time (mass %/min.), qT is an oxygen gas supply rate per unit time (Nm3/min.), R a secondary combustion rate (−), and Wm is a molten steel amount (ton).
- 7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of determining a decarburization rate Δ[C] and a [Cr] oxidation rate Δ[Cr] from the decarburization oxygen efficiency η and an oxygen gas supply rate qT, and revising [C] and [Cr] concentrations y using the following formulae:Δ[C]=η×qT×(1−R)×12/11.21/(10×Wm), Δ[Cr]=(1−η)×qT×(1−R)×104/33.6/(10×Wm), wherein Δ[C] and Δ[Cr] are the variations of [C] and [Cr] per unit time (mass %/min.), qT is an oxygen gas supply rate per unit time (Nm3/min.), R a secondary combustion rate (−), and Wm is a molten steel amount (ton).
- 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CO partial pressure PCO is determined in an atmosphere during step (a) from a total pressure P, an oxygen gas supply rate qT and an inert gas supply rate qd based on the following formula:PCO=P×2×qT/(2×qT+Qd).
- 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Hilty's equilibrium temperature TH is determined using a value computed through the following formula:TH={−13.800/(−8.76+log([C]PCO/[Cr]))}, wherein units of parameters are K for TH, mass % for [C] and [Cr], and atm. for PCO.
- 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of controlling refining conditions so that ΔT may be 0° C. or more when the concentration of [C] in the molten steel is 0.5 mass % or more, 30° C. or more when the same is 0.2 mass % or more, and 50° C. or more when the same is lower than 0.2 mass %.
- 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of controlling ΔT by a control of the temperature of the molten steel when the concentration of [C] in the molten steel is 0.5 mass % or more.
- 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein ΔT is controlled via a control of the pressure in a refining vessel when the concentration of [C] in the molten steel is in the range from 0.2 to 0.5 mass %.
- 13. The method according to claims 10, wherein ΔT is controlled via a control of the pressure in a refining vessel and an oxygen gas to blown gas ratio when the concentration of [C] in the molten steel is less than 0.2 mass %.
- 14. A method for decompression-refining chromium-contained molten steel under a reduced pressure by blowing oxygen gas and inert gas into the molten steel, comprising the steps of:a) continuously measuring a temperature of the molten steel from a commencement of a decompression; b) continuously determining a decarburized amount (Δ[%C]) and a [C] concentration ([%C]) by using the measured molten steel temperature; c) during steps (a) and (b), in a first term from the commencement of the decompression to the commencement of an oxygen gas blow, determining, in sequence: i. an [O] concentration ([O]cal) before the commencement of the decompression from the [C] concentration ([%C]s) in the molten steel before the commencement of the decompression, ii. a [C] activity (ac) in the molten steel and a measured molten steel temperature (T) before the commencement of the decompression, and iii. a decarburized amount (Δ[%C]) as a function of [O]cal, d) during steps (a) and (b) and after the first term, in a second term during which an oxygen gas to blown gas ratio is 20% or more, determining, in sequence: i. a CO partial pressure PCO in an atmosphere at the time of a temperature measurement from a degree of vacuum (P) at the time of the temperature measurement, ii. a total amount of the oxygen gas (QT) blown during a span of the temperature measurement and a total amount of a dilution gas (Qd) blown during the span of the temperature measurement, iii. a Hilty's equilibrium temperature from the computed [C] concentration ([%C]) in the molten steel, iv. a computed [Cr] concentration ([%Cr]) in the molten steel and PCO, v. a difference (ΔT) between the measured molten steel temperature T and the determined Hilty's equilibrium temperature, vi. a ratio (η) of the oxygen gas consumed for the decarburization to a blown oxygen gas as a function of ΔT, vii. the amount of oxygen gas (Q02) consumed for the decarburization during the temperature measurement span from η and QT and a secondary combustion ratio (R), and viii. a decarburized amount (Δ[%C]) from Q02 and a molten steel amount (Wm); and e) during steps (a) and (b) and after the first term, in a third term during in which an oxygen gas to blown gas ratio is less than 20%, determining the variation of the logarithmic value (log[%Cr]) of the [C] concentration [%C] from the commencement of the first term as a function proportionate to a time period t from the commencement of the first term.
- 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the steps of:f) in the first term, determining; i. an [O] concentration ([O]cal) before the commencement of the decompression through formulae {circle around (2)} and {circle around (3)}, and ii. a carburized amount (Δ[%C]) through using a formula {circle around (1)}; g) in the second term, determining, in sequence: i. a CO partial pressure PCO in an atmosphere at the time of the temperature measurement using a formula {circle around (8)}, ii. a difference (ΔT) between the measured molten steel temperature T and the determined Hilty's equilibrium temperature using a formula {circle around (7)}, iii. a ratio (η) of oxygen gas consumed for the decarburization to blown oxygen gas using a formula {circle around (6)}, and iv. a decarburized amount (Δ[%C]) using a formula {circle around (4)}, and h) in the third term, determining the variation of the logarithmic value (log[%C]) of the [C] concentration [%C] using a formula {circle around (9)}: Δ[%C]=a×[O]cal+b {circle around (1)}, [O]cal=c+d×[O]e×10fo/To+g×log[%C]s+h {circle around (2)}, [O]e=1/(ac×fo)×101,160/(To+273.15)−2.003 {circle around (3)}, Δ[%C]=η×QT×(1−R)×11.2/12/(10×Wm) {circle around (4)}, η=Q02/((1−R)×QT) {circle around (5)}, η=j×ΔT+k {circle around (6)}, ΔT=(T+273.15)−(−13.800/(−8.76+log([%C]PCO/[%Cr]))) {circle around (7)}, PCO=P×2×QT/(2×QT+Qd) {circle around (8)}, log[%C]−log[%C]O=m×t {circle around (9)}, wherein:T is the measured molten steel temperature (° C.). To is the molten steel temperature before the commencement of decompression (° C.), [%C]s is the [C] concentration in the molten steel before the commencement of decompression (mass %), ac is an activity of [C] in the molten steel before the commencement of the decompression, fo is an activity coefficient of [O] in molten steel before the commencement of the decompression, η is a ratio of the oxygen gas consumed for the decarburization to the blown oxygen gas (−), QT is a total amount of the oxygen gas blown during the temperature measurement span (Nm3), R is a secondary combustion ratio (−), Wm is a molten steel amount (ton), Q02 is an amount of the oxygen gas consumed for the decarburization during the temperature measurement span (Nm3), ΔT is a difference between an actual temperature and a Hilty's equilibrium temperature (° C.), [%C] is a computed [C] concentration in the molten steel (mass %), [%Cr] is a computed [Cr] concentration in the molten steel (mass %), P is a degree of vacuum at the time of the temperature measurement (atm.), Qd is a total amount of a dilution gas blown during the temperature measurement span (Nm3), [% C]0 is the [C] concentration in the molten steel at the commencement of the third term (mass %), t is a time elapsed from the commencement of the diffusive decarburization term (min.), and a, b, c, d, f, g, h, i, k and m are constant values determined by a refining furnace and refining conditions.
- 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein PCO is controlled so that ΔT may be 50° C. or more.
- 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein PCO is controlled by a control of a ratio of an oxygen gas to a blown gas when the [C] concentration in the molten steel is 0.15 mass % or more.
- 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein PCO is controlled by a control of at least one of a ration of an oxygen gas to a blown gas and of an atmospheric pressure when the [C] concentration in the molten steel is 0.15 mass % or less.
Priority Claims (2)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
2001-200474 |
Jul 2001 |
JP |
|
2001-337291 |
Nov 2001 |
JP |
|
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application is a national stage application of PCT Application No. PCT/JP02/06651 which was filed on Jul. 1, 2002, and published on Jan. 16, 2003 as International Publication No. WO 03/004707 (the “International Application”). This application claims priority from the International Application pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 365. The present application also claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 from Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2001-200474 and 2001-337291, filed on Jul. 2, 2001 and Nov. 2, 2001, respectively, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
PCT Information
Filing Document |
Filing Date |
Country |
Kind |
PCT/JP02/06651 |
|
WO |
00 |
Publishing Document |
Publishing Date |
Country |
Kind |
WO03/00470 |
1/16/2003 |
WO |
A |
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