Patent Grant
7314004
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to weapons and artillery and, more particularly, to penetrating systems and penetrating weapons that may be used, for example, to damage and destroy sheltered targets.
2. State of the Art
In military operations, targets may be generally classified as either unsheltered targets or sheltered targets. Unsheltered targets may be considered to include targets which are substantially exposed and vulnerable to a weapon or projectile fired by artillery directed at such targets. For example, people, munitions, buildings and other fighting equipment that are openly located on a battle field and substantially exposed to the weapons of an enemy attack may be considered unsheltered targets.
However, many targets including, for example, people, munitions, chemicals, and fighting equipment may be sheltered in order to protect them from an attack by various weapons. Conventionally, a shelter for a target includes a physical barrier placed between the target and the location of origin of an expected enemy weapon in an attempt to frustrate the weapon directed at the target and mitigate the damage that might otherwise be inflicted by such a weapon. In some cases targets may be heavily sheltered in an attempt to prevent any damage to a given target. In one example, one or more layers of concrete, rock, soil, or other solid material may be used in an effort to protect a desired target. Each layer may be several feet thick, depending on the level of protection desired. Sometimes these layers are referred to as “hard” layers indicating a relative amount of resistance that they will impose on an impending weapon. Generally, a layer is considered to be “hard” when it exhibits a specified level of thickness, when it is formed of a material exhibiting a specified level of hardness or some other material characteristic which significantly impedes penetration of a weapon, or when the layer exhibits a desired combination of material properties and physical thickness.
More specific examples of shelters for targets include a building, a room in a building, a bunker, a room in a bunker, or a room or a bunker located beneath a building. Considering a bunker as an example, the ceiling of a bunker may be configured as a hard layer in order to protect people, things, or a combination thereof, from non-penetrating weapons. Additionally, multiple hard layers may be used to shelter a target. Voids may be present between multiple layers for structural reasons or for purposes of trying to confuse existing weaponry designed to defeat such shelters by causing premature detonation.
In order to penetrate shelters, and particularly a hard layer (or layers) of a given shelter, a weapon configured with a penetrator system is conventionally used. The general goal of using a penetrator system is to breach the shelter, including any thick layers that may be present, and deliver the weapon to a desired location (i.e., proximate the intended target) while delaying detonation of the weapon until it is at the desired location. Thus, use of a penetrator system enables a more efficient and a more effective infliction of damage to a sheltered target and, sometimes, use of such a system is the only way of inflicting damage to certain sheltered targets.
A penetrator system is part of a weapon system which may include one or more warheads, a penetrator structure (generally referred to as a penetrator) and a sensor associated with and coupled to the penetrator. The penetrator may be configured to act as a warhead, or it may be a separate component, but generally includes a mass of relatively dense material. In general, the capability of a penetrator to penetrate a given layer of media is proportional to its sectional density, meaning its weight divided by its cross-sectional area taken along a plane substantially transverse to its intended direction of travel. The weapon system may include equipment for guiding the weapon to a target or, at least to the shelter, since, in many cases, forces associated with impact and penetration of a shelter may result in the removal of such equipment from the penetrator portion of the weapon. The sensor of a penetrator system is conventionally configured to assist in tracking the location of the penetrator as it penetrates layers of one media type or another after an initial impact of the penetrator with the shelter.
Some prior art penetrator system sensors are configured to detect an initial impact with a structure and then measure the amount of time that has lapsed subsequent the detected impact in an effort to keep track of the location of a penetrator, based on calculated or estimated velocity of the weapon, as the penetrator penetrates a shelter. These sensors are generally referred to as time-delay sensors.
Other prior art penetrator system sensors use an accelerometer to measure the deceleration of the penetrator, from the time it makes an initial impact with a layer of a shelter or structure, in an effort to track the distance that a penetrator travels after impact with an initial layer. These sensors have generally been referred to as penetration depth sensors.
Some prior art penetrator systems utilize an accelerometer to detect deceleration of relatively hard and/or thick layers in an effort to help count the layers of media, count voids between the layers of media, or count both media layers and voids.
Such prior art time-delay and penetration depth sensors, in association with other system components, provide an output signal for detonating the weapon after the penetrator system has determined that the penetrator has arrived at a desired location within the shelter based on either time of travel information, depth of penetration information, or media counting information. When the penetrator system is programmed with a time delay or penetration depth parameter, the penetrator system detonates the weapon when the programmed parameter matches the actual penetration time or penetration distance of the weapon after an impact with an initial layer. Desirably the detonation of the weapon occurs at a target site such as within a specified room of a bunker. However, in practice, any of a number of factors, such as variability in the physical or material characteristics of a given layer or the presence of other, unexpected physical components associated with a shelter, can alter the actual time required to travel from the initial point of impact with a shelter to the desired target or the perceived distance traveled by a penetrating weapon after initial impact with a layer of a shelter.
Variations in a shelter, or in a layer of a shelter, may include variations in the thickness and/or hardness of a building's (or bunker's) roof and floors, variations in the number and types of mechanical equipment within a shelter (e.g., plumbing and HVAC equipment within a building), variations in the furnishings within the shelter, or the existence of other structural features of the shelter not previously considered or anticipated. With respect to the thickness and hardness of a given shelter layer, such may not always be known due to many variables including, for example, type of media the layer is formed of (e.g., concrete, soil, or sand), thickness of each media in the layer, the age of a layer (e.g., the age of a concrete layer), soil type, moisture content of a given layer, and temperature of a layer or its surrounding environment. It is noted that, for example, frozen or compacted soil is much harder than sand and, therefore, provides a different level of resistance to penetration.
Due to the existence of such variations in a shelter, and the inability of prior art penetrator systems to account therefor, such penetrator systems may cause the weapon to prematurely detonate or to detonate late such that it does not detonate at the actual site of the intended target. More specifically, prior art systems using time-delay or penetration depth sensors can be used to accurately detonate the penetrator at a specified location (e.g., a specified room in a bunker) only if the thickness and hardness of each media from the roof to the room are known. Since the thickness and hardness of the media are conventionally not known for many constructions over a bunker, prior art time delay and penetration depth sensors cannot reliably fire a penetrator at the desired location.
Additionally, while penetrator systems have been used to detect decelerations that result from the presence of a relatively thick or hard layer, such penetrator systems cannot effectively detect layers that are thin, soft, or some combination thereof, due to the relatively low amount of deceleration experienced by the penetrating weapon when passing through such thin or soft layers. Some examples of “thin” layers include ceilings and floors in buildings that may be located over a target. Some examples of “soft” layers include layers of sand or other soft soil. Generally, a layer is too thin or too soft to detect when the deceleration of a penetrating weapon, as it passes through such a layer, cannot be discerned from electrical noise, mechanical noise, or combination of electrical and mechanical noise experienced by the sensor. For example, a penetrator system may experience mechanical noise through the vibrations induced into the penetrator system upon impact and penetration of a given layer.
Some prior art systems have utilized gain switching in an effort to detect relatively thin layers. Gain switching generally includes use of a high gain amplifier to detect low levels of deceleration by the penetrating weapon and use of a lower gain amplifier as deceleration of the penetrating weapon increases. Such gain switching may occur between a computer sampling of the penetrating weapon's deceleration. Gain switching may generally be accomplished using one or more amplifiers, one or more analog-to-digital converters, or some combination thereof.
As briefly noted above, some prior art penetrator systems have employed what may be referred to as void and layer counting methods. Generally, such penetrator systems utilize sensors in an effort to count discrete layers, voids or both, after detecting an initial impact. However, these penetrator systems cannot reliably detonate a penetrator at the intended target location since, as with other systems, they cannot reliably detect and count the thin layers of a given shelter building. If a layer is not properly detected, the penetrator system will detonate the penetrator late, at a location beyond that of the intended target. Some attempts have been made to adjust the sensor thresholds of a penetrator system so that they only detect so-called “hard” layers and effectively ignore all thin or soft layers of a shelter. However, such attempts unfortunately result in the sensor ignoring a layer that is significant to a well-timed detonation such as, for example, the ceiling of a bunker, again resulting in the detonation of the penetrating weapon at an undesired location.
Other configurations of prior art systems have included redundancy such that multiple samples of deceleration are required to verify detection of a layer and prevent early detonation of the weapon. Such redundancy systems have also been used in conjunction with time-delay and penetration depth systems.
In yet other prior art penetrator systems, attempts have been made to prevent the system from counting a single layer as more than one layer. To do so, such penetrator systems used a programmed distance, sometimes referred to as a “blanking distance,” to ignore both false layers and real layers after the penetrator system detected deceleration. In one example, a prior art penetrator system would calculate and measure the blanking distance traveled by the penetrator system based on the penetration velocity of the penetrator system at the time of its impact with a layer and the time that expired after such impact. Some other penetrator systems have also used the deceleration values and the detection of an exit of the penetrator system from a penetrated layer to help determine the blanking distance.
There is a continued desire to improve the penetrator systems used in weapons so as to increase their accuracy in determining their arrival at a desired location and thereby ensure a maximization of damage inflicted on a desired target. It would be desirable to provide such improvements through simple implementations so, for example, existing prior art systems may be updated and retrofitted in a simple and inexpensive manner.
The present invention is directed to a system and a method for accurately locating a penetrating-type weapon within a shelter for detonation at a desired target site. The method includes detecting a deceleration threshold event indicative of the penetrating weapon impacting and traversing a layer of shelter having certain material or structural characteristics (e.g., a “hard” or a “thick” layer). A delayed detonation program or process is enabled upon detection of the threshold event. For example, a delayed detonation program or process may include layer counting, void counting, or a combination of layer and void counting.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a method of locating a penetrating-type weapon within a shelter is provided. The method includes projecting the weapon through at least one layer of shelter and detecting a minimum specified deceleration threshold. A delayed detonation program is enabled and executed in response to detecting the minimum specified deceleration threshold. The weapon is then delayed in accordance with the delayed detonation program. The minimum specified deceleration threshold may include a specified minimum magnitude of the deceleration rate, a specified minimum duration of the detected deceleration, or some combination thereof.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of operating a weapon is provided. The method includes launching the weapon at a sheltered target and penetrating at least a first layer of the sheltered target with the weapon and detecting a deceleration of the weapon associated therewith. A determination is made regarding whether the deceleration associated with the penetration of the at least a first layer meets a specified threshold. The deceleration associated with the penetration of the at least a first layer is ignored if it does not meet the specified threshold. However, a delayed detonation program of the weapon is enabled if the deceleration associated with the penetration of the at least a first layer meets the specified threshold. An additional layer of the sheltered target is penetrated by the weapon system subsequent an enablement of the delayed detonation program and deceleration imposed by the additional layer of the sheltered target is chronicled regardless of whether it meets the specified threshold.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a weapon system is provided. The weapon system includes an explosive device having a penetrator structure. At least one sensor is configured to detect deceleration of the weapon system upon impact with a media layer and to produce a signal representative of a deceleration of at least a portion of the weapon system. A computer is in electrical communication with the at least one sensor and configured to ignore detection of all deceleration events by the at least one sensor prior to detection of a minimum specified deceleration threshold. The system may further include additional components such as filters, analog-to-digital converters, power conditioning and grounding equipment, and detonating mechanisms configured to detonate the explosive device upon receipt of a signal from the computer.
The foregoing and other advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:
Referring to
While not explicitly shown in
The weapon 100 is shown in
The sheltered target 110 also includes voids such as areas or volumes between discrete layers. Thus, for example, one void 130A exists between the roof 126 and floor 128 of the building 124, another void 130B between the floor 128 and the soil 122, and yet another void 130C exists between the hard layer 118 and the proximate layer 116. Additionally, the targeted room 112 inside the bunker 114 may be configured as a void.
It is noted that the sheltered target 110 shown in
In a prior art penetrator system, any of the sheltered target layers, and particularly, the soft or thin layers such as the roof 126, the floor 128 or a layer of soil 122 (assuming such soil to be “soft”) could be “missed” by the sensor of the penetrator system 102 or otherwise misread by the system resulting in the weapon 100 detonating at an undesired location relative to the bunker 114. However, the present penetrator system 102 is configured to effectively ignore various thin or soft layers until a desired deceleration event occurs or, in other words, until a specified deceleration threshold is met. Such an event may be in association with the weapon 100 and penetrator 104 encountering a hard layer, a thick layer, or a combined thick and hard layer, which is sufficient to decelerate the penetrator system by a desired magnitude, for a desired amount of time or some defined combination thereof.
Referring briefly to
The penetrator system 102 includes sensor packaging 140 that is coupled with the penetrator 104. The sensor packaging 140 may include structure for securing it to the penetrator 104 or some other portion of the weapon 100. For example the sensor packaging 140 may include threaded structure for coupling with mating threads formed on or in the penetrator 104. Such a threaded configuration may also include a threaded lock ring and a locking plate as will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. In other embodiments, the sensor packaging 140 may be welded, bonded or otherwise fastened or joined with the penetrator 104 or weapon 100.
The sensor packaging 140 may further include, for example, at least one sensor such as an accelerometer 142, as well as an amplifier 144, a fiher 146, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 148, a computer or computer processor 150, power conditioning and grounding equipment 152, and detonating equipment 154. in the presently considered embodiment, the accelerometer 142 is configured to measure the deceleration of the penetrator 104 imposed by the sheltered target 110 (or a layer thereofl and provides an analog signal, representative of the penetrator deceleration, to the amplifier 144. The amplifier 144 amplifies the signal received from the accelerometer 142 and provides the amplified signal to the filter 146. The filter 146 is electrically connected to the A/D converter 148 and prevents aliasing of the amplified analog signal when the AID convener 148 converts the analog signal (representing the penetrator deceleration) to a digital signal. Additional filters may also be used to filter out any electrical noise, mechanical noise, or combinations thereof from the signal generated by the accelerometer 142.
The A/D converter 148 is connected to the computer 150 for examining the digital signal that represents the detected penetrator deceleration in light of any data or other parameters programmed or stored in the computer 150. The computer 150 may include, for example, a digital signal processor, a field programmable gate array, a microcontroller such as is available, for example, from Motorola®, a PIC® type semiconductor available from Microchip Technology Inc., or other appropriately configured circuits.
The computer 150 is connected to the detonating equipment 154 which is explosively connected to the weapon 100 for detonating the weapon 100 upon receipt of an appropriate signal from the computer 150. The detonating equipment 154 may include, for example, a squib, a semiconductor bridge, or other mechanisms or components configured to ignite the explosive, incendiary or pyrotechnic material contained by the weapon 100.
It is noted that the configuration shown in
Additionally, the accelerometer 142 may include, for example, a capacitive accelerometer, a resistive accelerometer, a micro electromechanical (MEM) accelerometer, or any combination of such accelerometers. Other sensors may also be used. Similarly, various types, or combinations, of filters, amplifiers, and A/D converters may be used. In one embodiment, the penetrator system may be configured with all analog components. In another embodiment, the penetrator may be configured to utilize gain switching.
Using a penetrator system 102 such as shown and described with respect to
Referring now to
Once a delayed detonation program is enabled, the penetrator system 102 waits for at least one additional event to occur as indicated at 170. In one embodiment, the additional event or events include the counting of media layers, voids, or both layers and voids, to determine the desired detonating location of the weapon. In another embodiment, such counting of layers, voids or both may not occur until after a specified blanking distance such as has been previously described. In a related embodiment, the invention may employ a blanking distance and, then after detecting another deceleration event (which could include any deceleration event or it could include another threshold deceleration event) employ one or more additional blanking distances.
In yet another embodiment, the additional event may include the determination of descending a desired depth or traveling for an additional amount of time such as with more conventional depth-detection or time-delay systems that have been described hereinabove. If the specified event or events have not occurred, the penetrator system 102 continues to look for such events as indicated by loop 172. If, however, the specified event or events have been detected by the penetrator system 102, the computer 150 of the penetrator system 102 provides a signal to the detonating equipment 154 to detonate the weapon 100 as indicated at 174.
Thus, for example, with specific reference to
For example, the hard layer 118 may impose a sufficiently high magnitude of deceleration, a sufficiently long period of deceleration, or a combination of both parameters so as to enable the delayed detonation program or process of the penetrator system 102. Considering the delayed detonation program of the penetrator system 102 to include a layer/void counting process, the penetrator system then begins counting layers, voids, or both. Referring to the sheltered target 110 shown in
It is again emphasized that the sheltered target 110 shown and described with respect to
Still considering the method of operating the weapon 100 that is described with respect to
In another embodiment, detection of the minimum layer thickness may include detecting a minimum velocity change in the weapon 100 or penetrator 104. Yet another way of detecting a minimum layer thickness may include measuring the distance that the weapon 100 and penetrator 104 have traveled while experiencing a minimum specified level of deceleration. The distance traveled may be calculated by providing the penetrator system 102, including the computer 150, with certain data and parameters, measuring other data with a sensor such as the accelerometer 142, and computing the distance traveled by the weapon 100 and penetrator 104 as will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art.
For example, the computer 150 may be programmed or otherwise provided with mission data and a combination of parameters related to the intended target including, for example, one or more of: the magnitude of the specified minimum layer thickness that is to be detected by the system; the magnitude of the specified minimum velocity change; an anticipated impact velocity (or velocity of the weapon when it impacts the layer); a specified minimum deceleration level that should be detected to verify the presence of a layer; or a minimum time for which the specified minimum deceleration should be sustained. The combination of actual parameters and data provided to the computer 150 may depend, at least in part, on the method used to detect the minimum thickness layer. Additionally, the computer 150 may be programmed with information regarding the delayed detonation program (e.g., data related to media counting or void counting).
Having such data and parameters programmed into the penetrator system 102, the penetrator system 102 may operate by first detecting impact though deceleration measurements. The velocity of the weapon 100 and penetrator 104 may be continually updated utilizing such deceleration measurements, such updating including deceleration measurements from multiple impacts and deceleration measurements in some embodiments. If the specified minimum layer thickness is detected, such as by measuring a deceleration equal to, or greater than, the specified minimum deceleration for a period of time equal to, or greater than, the specified minimum time, then the delayed detonation program is enabled. If the delayed detonation program includes media or void counting, the penetrator system 102 continues to detect and measure the deceleration of the weapon 100 and penetrator 104 to verify the number of layers or voids through which the weapon 100 has subsequently passed. Upon meeting the criteria of the delayed detonation program, the weapon 100 is detonated.
It is noted that the penetrator system 102 may be provided or programmed with the desired data and parameters during manufacture of the weapon 100 and penetrator system 102, at a time prior to launch, or even after launch and during delivery of the weapon 100 to its intended target. Such data may be provided to the penetrator system 102 through a wired connection or by wireless transmission.
Referring now to
Subsequently, a relatively large deceleration is detected by the accelerometer 142 as indicated at 186. Such deceleration may, for example, be the result of a hard or a thick layer (e.g., the hard layer 118 of the bunker 114 shown in
Still referring to the graph 180 in
Thus, the present invention enables detection of thin or soft layers only after detection of a deceleration threshold event (such as detecting a minimum layer thickness) but ignores such layers prior to the detection of a deceleration threshold event so as to minimize the potential of missing, misreading or being otherwise confused by any deceleration data produced by a sensor in association with encountering such thin or soft layers.
In the example represented by the graph 180 of
It is noted that various deceleration thresholds or media thresholds may be defined or used in conjunction with the present invention. For example, a minimum media thickness threshold may be defined to include a magnitude of a foot or less or it may be defined to include several feet. Likewise, a minimum deceleration event might include detection of a deceleration of 200 g's (the force of gravity multiplied by 200) over a period of, for example, a millisecond or longer. Such a deceleration event would enable the invention to ignore thin layers such as the ceilings and floors of a building. Of course, other thresholds may be defined depending on various parameters such as the configuration of the weapon and the expected configuration of the sheltered target.
While the invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein. For example, the present invention may include weapons having single or multiple warheads; the present invention may be used in reconnaissance equipment or other nonexplosive equipment; or the penetrator system may be configured to require multiple and varied events prior to detonation or otherwise activate the lethality of the weapon. Thus, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed and the invention includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following appended claims.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/578,163 entitled METHOD FOR MEDIA COUNTING USING MINIMUM MEDIA THICKNESS ENABLING filed on Jun. 9, 2004, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 60578163 | Jun 2004 | US |
