Method for effectively breaking up latex-coated paper during pulping to decrease the potential for white pitch deposition

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the paper processing industry and specifically addresses the problems caused by the generation of white pitch associated with the repulping of coated broke and other secondary fibers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The problem of white pitch deposition occurs when secondary or coated paper is recycled. The coating, which comprises latex, generally styrene butadiene (SBR) and/or polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), natural binders, such as starch, and inorganic pigments, forms deposits on the paper machine. These deposits, referred to as "white pitch", can be very costly as they cause sheet defects, such as holes and breaks in the web of paper, as well as requiring added time for equipment cleanup. In the wet-end of the paper machine, white pitch usually deposits on the foils, table rolls, vacuum boxes, uhle boxes and throughout the press felts. Dry-end deposits appear on the dryer cans and dryer felts as a hazy white buildup.
PRIOR ART
U.S. Patent No. 4,735,682, Didwania et al., teaches a process for recovering papermaking fibers from latex-bonded broke or paper containing latex. The method described subjects the broke to an aqueous alkaline solution having a sodium hydroxide concentration in the range of 0.5 to 5 mole percent. This addition was used to eliminate clumps of fibers after pulping so that tissue could be made from the recovered cellulose.
Another method for removing and dispersing contaminants from secondary fiber during repulping is taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,800, Maloney, et al. This method utilizes an oxyethylene glycol nonionic surfactant in which one end hydroxyl group has been substituted with an aliphatic or alkylaromatic group and the other end hydroxyl group has been replaced with a polyoxypropylene group or a benzyl ether group. The nonionic surfactant is added in combination with a low molecular weight (500-50,000) polyelectrolyte dispersant.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,808,089, Von Koeppen et al., teaches a method for reuse of printed and coated paper as top liner. The method described utilizes a combination of an ethoxylated aliphatic alcohol emulsifier with an alkali metal phosphate salt or silicate salt. The preferred ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols in this method are secondary alcohol ethoxylates.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The propensity for white pitch particles to deposit on paper-making equipment is related to the size of these particles. There is a direct link between white pitch deposition and the efficiency of breaking up larger coating particles into smaller ones during the repulping of recycled coated paper containing a latex coating.
We have observed the effect of a change in the efficiency of breaking up the latex coating during repulping at a paper mill manufacturing medium weight coated publication grade paper. Prior to a change made to their coating formulation the mill experienced no problems from white pitch deposition. The change caused a significant increase in the particle size of the undispersed coating which remained even after repulping the coated paper for recycling purposes. A severe white pitch outbreak occurred as a result.
It is the function of the repulper to mechanically break down the larger coating particles into smaller ones. However, variances in the latex coating formulations between different papers result in variations in the sizes of the coating components after similar mechanical repulping operations. Some coating formulations will exhibit small coating particle sizes after repulping, while others, such as in the above noted mill example, will exhibit large particles after repulping. In order to prevent white pitch deposition and white pitch related sheet defects after the repulping process, these large particles must be reduced in size. Since the mechanical repulping operation is incapable of performing this task in every case where white pitch deposition or sheet spots and defects related to white pitch are a problem, a chemical additive is needed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for inhibiting the deposition of white pitch throughout a papermaking machine by breaking down the coating during repulping into smaller particles having a lower deposition potential. The process comprises adding to a repulper containing coated broke and water a combination of two chemical components. The first component is a tetrafunctional alkoxylated diamine having the following structure. ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not the same. The ethylene oxide content in the molecule is from about 10% to about 80% by weight. This molecule is available under the commercial product name Tetronic from BASF Corporation. The second component is an anionic compound which contains a phosphate or phosphonate functionality. The two chemical components may be added to the repulper wherein the weight ratio of the tetrafunctional alkoxylated diamine to the phosphate or phosphonic acid and its salts is from about 1:4 to 4:1. The prefered ratio is about 1:1.
Since the processing of secondary fibers through a paper mill often results in the generation of problems and paper defects other than white pitch, it is expected that the present invention may be utilized in conjunction with items such as retention aids, conditioners and pitch control agents (when the coated broke is blended with virgin fiber).
Characteristic examples of the phosphate and phosphonic acid components are shown below:
Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 : Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), FMC Corp.,
NaPO.sub.3).sub.21 : glassy condensed phosphate (glass H) FMC Corp.,
amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (AMP), available from Monsanto Corp., as Dequest 2000
1-hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), available from Monsanto Corp., as Dequest 2010
ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP), available from Monsanto Corp., as Dequest 2041
poly isopropenyl phosphonic acid (PIPA), available from Betz Laboratories, Inc.
polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether phosphate, available from GAF Corp., as Gafac RE610
polyoxyethylene octadecenyl ether phosphate, available from GAF Corp., as Gafac RB400.

EXAMPLES
The invention will now be further described with reference to a number of specific examples which are to be regarded solely as illustrative and not as restricting the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Coated publication grade paper from a northern paper company referred to as "Coated Paper #1" was used for the first study. This coated paper, which is produced in an alkaline environment, has an organic extractables content of 0.6%. The major extractable components are SBR and fatty acids, with a minor component which is an organic ester. Coated Paper #1 was pulped in a laboratory repulper at 5% consistency (percent filterable solids in water) in deionized water for 30 minutes at 100.degree. F. and 1000 rpm; 5 minutes were allowed for warm-up to 100.degree. F. prior to pulping. The desired chemical treatments were added directly to the pulper prior to warm-up. These treatments are listed as a percentage by weight of the total pulper contents. After repulping, the coated broke was diluted to 0.5% consistency and 3 to 4 microscope slides were made. The slides were evaluated for particles of undispersed coating which are easily distinguished from papermaking fiber. The particles were measured with an eyepiece micrometer scale which had been standardized to measure particles from 10 to 500 microns at 100 x. Three passes were made across each slide and the particles were counted which fell within the following ranges: 100-200, 200-300, and greater than 300 microns. Particles less than 100 microns were not counted due to their relatively high number. The percent of the counted particles (those greater than 100 microns) which fell into each category was calculated and the average of the 3 to 4 slides was determined. Total value equals 100% +2% due to overlap in computed averages. The results of this evaluation with no chemical additives are shown in Table I.
TABLE I______________________________________Coated Paper #1Percent of Particles Greater than 100 Microns 300 MICRONS 100-200 200-300 AND GREATER______________________________________No Additives 80% 18% 2%______________________________________
With no additive, 20% of the counted particles of undispersed coating were larger than 200 microns. Particles this large are easily seen with the naked eye; appearing similar in size to sand granules The results in Table III were obtained for Coated Paper #1 when pulped in a conventional laboratory pulper, similar to a commercial papermill repulper with Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 (sodium tripolyphosphate) and a tetrafunctional diamine, added either separately or in combination.
Table II defines and labels the tetrafunctional diamines which were utilized in the analysis of the invention and which are shown in the results provided herein.
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________Tetrafunctional Diamines__________________________________________________________________________Example A1 ##STR3##with 10% by weight of x, ethylene oxide.Example A2same as formula in A1, except with 20% by weight of x, ethylene oxide.Example A3same as formula in A1, except with 40% by weight of x, ethylene oxide.Example A4same as formula in A3, except having a higher molecular weight.Example A5same as formula in A1, except with 80% by weight of x, ethylene oxide.Example B1 ##STR4##with 40% by weight of x, ethylene oxide.Example B2same as formula in B1, except with 10% by weight of x, ethylene oxide.Example B3same as formula in B1, except with 20% by weight of x, ethylene__________________________________________________________________________oxide.
TABLE III______________________________________Tetrafunctional diamine/phosphate efficacy Particle Size Concentration After Treatment (Microns)Composition Percent by weight 100-200 200-300 3OO+______________________________________Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 98% 2% 0Example A1 .025Example A1 .05 93% 7% 0Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 .05 88% 12% 0______________________________________
A test was performed to determine the likelihood that the broke will stick to papermaking equipment surfaces, such as the dryer can, and cause deposition related problems. Paper sheets were made using a conventional Noble and Wood sheet mold from pulped Coated Paper #1. Foil was attached and dried to the sheets and the force required to peel the foil from the paper was measured. The higher the amount of peel strength the more likely the broke will stick to the dryer can. These data measuring increasing dosage levels are shown in Table IV.
TABLE IV______________________________________Peel Strength Concentration Percent by Peel strengthComposition Weight (g/cm width)______________________________________No Additives 30.0Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .0125 25.8Example A1 .0125Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 24.5Example A1 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .05 23.9Example A1 .05______________________________________
These results correspond with the field and laboratory data shown in Tables I and III. It was observed that as the percent of larger coating particles was reduced by the additives of the present invention, the deposition potential of the paper made with the recycled coated broke decreased.
Other phosphates were tested for their efficacies when combined with the tetrafunctional diamine, Example A1. Results were obtained in accordance with the laboratory test procedure defined hereinabove and are shown in Table V.
TABLE V______________________________________Alternate phosphates/tetrafunctional diamine efficacy Particle Size Concentration After Treatment (Microns)Composition percent by weight 100-200 200-300 300+______________________________________NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 & .025 97% 3% 0%Example A1 .025NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 .05 84 16 0(NaPO.sub.3).sub.21 & .025 99% 1% 0Example A1 .025(NaPO.sub.3).sub.21 .05 85 15 0______________________________________
The above results indicate that other phosphates may be successfully combined with the tetrafunctional diamine to produce an effective additive for reducing particle size. It also appears that the higher the molecular weight the better the results as the larger molecular weight compound (NaPO.sub.3).sub.21. combined with the tetrafunctional diamine to yield only 1% of particles being 200 microns or greater in size. Accordingly, other phosphates may be effectively utilized with the tetrafunctional diamine. These include orthophosphates such as monopotassium phosphate, polyphosphates such as tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and glassy phosphates such as hexametaphosphate.
Other tetrafunctional diamines, differing from each other in relative amounts of ethylene oxide, were pulped with Coated Paper #1 in combination with Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10. Due to lack of experimental significance, where the combination selected showed little or no beneficial effect, that particular tetrafunctional diamine was not pulped at an equal dosage level independently. These results are shown in Table VI.
TABLE VI______________________________________Alternate tetrafunctional diamines/Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 efficacies Concentration Particle Size (Microns)Composition Percent by weight 100-200 200-300 300+______________________________________Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 86% 12% 1%Example A5 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 89% 10% 1%Example A4 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 89 8 3Example A3 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 89 11 0Example B1 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 99 1 0Example A2 .025Example A2 .05 94 5 1Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 97 3 0Example B3 .025Example B3 .05 84 15 2Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 96 4 0Example B2 .025Example B2 .05 91 9 0______________________________________
The data from Table VI indicates that not all tetrafunctional diamines are effective when added in combination with Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10. Only those with an ethylene oxide content of 10% to 20% by weight exhibit acceptable utility.
Table VI, below, shows data from tests conducted using other nonionic compounds in place of the tetrafunctional diamine.
TABLE VII______________________________________Efficacy of alternate nonionic compounds Concentration Particle Size (Microns)Composition percent by weight 100-200 200-300 300+______________________________________Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 80% 19% 1%Example C1 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 82 15 3Example C2 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 89 11 1Example C3 .025Example C3 .05 88 10 2Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 86 14 1Example C4 .025Example C4 .05 86 12 1Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 93 6 1Example C5 .025Example C5 .05 96 4 1______________________________________ Example C1 ethyleneoxy propyleneoxy block copolymer, 30% by weight ethylene oxide. Example C2 ethyleneoxy propyleneoxy block copolymer 80% by weight ethylen oxide. Example C3 ethyleneoxy propyleneoxy block copolymer 10% by weight ethylen oxide. Example C4 butoxy polypropyleneoxy polyethyleneoxy ethanol. Example C5 Secondary alcohol ethoxylate.
The alternate nonionic compounds of Table VII also contain repeat units of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. However, although similar to the tetrafunctional diamines, they do not perform in the same manner when combined with phosphate.
The tetrafunctional diamine component of the present invention may be effectively utilized with anionic species other than the phosphate shown in the test results above. These data are shown in Table VIII.
TABLE VIII______________________________________Alternate Anionics/Tetrafunctional Diamine Efficacy Concentration Particle Size (Microns)Composition percent by weight 100-200 200-300 300+______________________________________Example D1 .025 91% 8% 1%Example A1 .025Example D2 .025 99 1 0&Example A1 .025Example D2 .05 92 8 1Example D3 .025 96 4 0&Example A1 .025Example D3 .05 89 10 1Example D4 .025 87 12 1&Example A1 .025Example D4 .05 79 18 2______________________________________ Example D1 ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid Example D2 hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate Example D3 sodium salt of polyisopropenyl phosphonic acid Example D4 sodium salt of sulfonated naphthaleneformaldehyde condensate
The products which contain a phosphate functionality, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate and the sodium salt of polyisopropenyl phos phonic acid, performed exceptionally well in combination with the tetrafunctional diamine. Accordingly, other phosphonates may be effectively utilized in accordance with this invention. Characteristic examples include amino trimethylene phosphonate, hexamethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate, ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate and diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate.
EXAMPLE 2
Coated publication paper from another paper manufacturer was used in these studies and will be referred to as "Coated Paper #2" This paper is made by an acid papermaking process. Coated Paper #2 contains a higher level of organic extractables (2.3%) than Coated Paper #1. These extractables contain a major component of SBR and minor components of PVAC, organic acids, and organic acid salts. The studies with this broke were carried out in the same manner as those in Example 1 except the particles were counted in slightly different particle size ranges (100-150, 150-200, 200-300, and 300 microns and greater). Once again particles less than 100 microns were not counted due to their high numbers.
TABLE IX______________________________________Coated Paper #2Percent of Particles Greater than 100 MicronsCompound 100-150 100-200 200-300 300+______________________________________No Additives 77% 15% 6% 2%______________________________________
Table X shows the effects of adding Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 and the tetrafunctional diamine of Example A1 either independently or in combination during the pulping of Coated Paper #2.
TABLE X______________________________________Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 /Tetrafunctional Diamine Efficacy Concentration Particle size (Microns) Percent by 100- 150- 200-Compound Weight 150 200 300 300+______________________________________Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 90% 9% 1% 0%Example A1 .025N.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 .05 80 17 3 0Example A1 .05 80 12 9 0______________________________________
Even though this coated broke is different than Coated Paper #1, in both cases the combination of Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 and the tetrafunctional diamine, example A1, produced fewer large particles than when each component was added separately.
As in Example #1, paper was made from Coated Paper #2 which had been repulped with increasing quantities of the Na.sub.5 O.sub.3 O.sub.10 Example A1 combination. The amount of force required to separate foil and paper, which had been dried together, was measured and is indicative of the deposition potential in the dryer section of the paper machine (the higher the peel force the greater the deposition potential). The results are presented in Table XI.
TABLE XI______________________________________Peel Strength Concentration Peel StrengthCompound Percent by Weight (g/cm width)______________________________________No Additives -- 22.6Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .00625 19.9Example A1 .00625Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .0125 18.1Example 1 .0125Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 15.5Example A1 .025Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .05 13.9Example A1 .05______________________________________
As also seen in example #1, increasing dosages of the tetrafunctional diamine/Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 combination caused a proportional continuing decrease in the deposition potential of the repulped Coated Paper #2 as measured by peel strength.
Coated Paper #2 as measured by peel strength.
Coated Paper #2 was pulped with the tetrafunctional diamine Example A1 and various phosphonates. The results are shown in Table XII.
TABLE XII______________________________________Phosphonates/Tetrafunctional Diamine Efficacy Concentration Particle size (Microns) Percent by 100- 150- 200-Compound Weight 150 200 300 300+______________________________________Example E1 .025 too few particles& greater than 100 micronsExample A1 .025Example E2 .025 too few particles greater& than 100 micronsExample A1 .025Example E3 .025 too few particles& greater than 100 micronsExample A1 .025Example E2 .00625 89% 8% 4% 0%Example A1 .00625Example A1 .0125 80 13 4 2Example E2 .0125 83 12 4 2Example E3 .00625 89 6 4 2&Example A1 .00625Example E3 .0125 84 14 2 1______________________________________ Example E1 amino trimethylene phosphonic acid Example E2 1hydroxyethylidene 1,1diphosphonic acid Example E3 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid
The phosphonate/tetrafunctional diamine combinations proved to be much more effective than the Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 /tetrafunctional diamine combinations on reducing particle size in the pulped Coated Paper #2. In fact, the treatment concentration level needed to be reduced in order find a sufficient number of particles larger than 100 microns.
The deposition potential of Coated Paper #2 when repulped with 1 hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid/tetrafunctional diamine was evaluated in accordance with the procedure previously described. Results are shown in Table XIII.
TABLE XIII______________________________________Peel Strength Concentration Peel StrengthCompound Percent by Weight (g/cm width)______________________________________No Additives -- 25.7Example E2 & .0025 24.3Example A1 .0025Example E2 & .00625 21.0Example A1 .00625Example E2 & .0125 17.5Example A1 .0125Example E2 & .025 14.1Example A1 .025______________________________________
The deposition potential of Coated Paper #2 decreased with increasing concentrations of the phosphonate/tetrafunctional diamine compound. This correlates with a corresponding particle size reduction with increasing concentrations of the compound.
Other anionic species were tested for particle size reduction efficacy in coated Paper #2 along with the tetrafunctional diamine. These results are shown in Table XIV.
TABLE XIV______________________________________Alternate Anionic/Tetrafunctional Diamine Efficacy Concentration Particle size (Microns) Percent by 100- 150- 200-Compound Weight 150 200 300 300+______________________________________Example F1 .025 82% 11% 5% 1%Example A1 .025Example F1 .05 83 11 2 4Example F2 .025 92 7 1 0&Example A1 .025Example F2 .05 84 10 4 1Example F3 .025 83 14 3 0&Example A1 .025Example F3 .05 82 13 4 1Example F4 .025 79 18 2 2&Example A1 .025Example F4 .05 75 18 5 2______________________________________ Example F1 polyacrylic acid Example F2 polyisopropenyl phosphonic acid Example F3 polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl phosphate ester Example F4 polyoxyethylene octadecenyl phosphate ester
The only effective combination shown above was the tetrafunctional diamine with the phosphonic acid, Example F2. These results correspond with the testing conducted on Coated Paper #1. The cumulative data from Example #1 and Example #2 support the finding that any phosphate functionality will act synergistically with tetrafunctional diamines to effectively redisperse the latex coating in the smallest particles possible during repulping of recycled coated paper.
As in Example #1. Na.sub.5 O.sub.3 O.sub.10 was combined with other nonionic surfactants. The results are shown in Table XV.
TABLE XV______________________________________Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 /Alternate Nonionic Surfactant Efficacy Concentration Particle size (Microns) Percent by 100- 150- 200-Compound Weight 150 200 300 300+______________________________________Na.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 88% 10% 2% 0%Example C5 .025Example C5 .05 90 9 1 1N.sub.5 P.sub.3 O.sub.10 & .025 90 6 2 1Example C3 .025Example C3 .05 82 10 4 4______________________________________ Example C5 secondary alcohol ethoxylate Example C3 ethyleneoxy propyleneoxy block copolymer, with 10% by weight o ethylene oxide.
Neither the alcohol ethoxylate nor the block copolymer performed effectively with the phosphate to reduce particle size. These results correlate with findings under Example #1.
While this invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of this invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The appended claims and this invention generally should be construed to cover all such obvious forms and modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

Number	Name	Date
3748220	Gard	Jul 1973
3808089	Von Koeppen et al.	Apr 1974
4056430	Hoeger et al.	Nov 1977
4643800	Maloney et al.	Feb 1987
4735682	Didwania et al.	Apr 1988
4861429	Barnett	Aug 1989

Method for effectively breaking up latex-coated paper during pulping to decrease the potential for white pitch deposition

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