Patent Grant
11939187
The invention relates to a method for erecting an elevator installation in an elevator shaft of a new building, in which method a construction phase elevator system having a self-propelled construction phase elevator car is installed in the elevator shaft, which becomes taller with the increasing building height, for the duration of the construction phase of the building, wherein the usable lifting height of the construction phase elevator car is gradually adapted to a currently present elevator shaft height.
An internal construction elevator is known from CN106006303 A, which is installed in an elevator shaft of a building that is in its construction phase. The installation of this elevator takes place synchronously with the erection of the building, i.e. the usable lifting height of the internal construction elevator grows with the increasing height of the building or elevator shaft. Such an adaptation of the usable lifting height serves, on the one hand, to transport construction specialists and construction material to the current top part of the building during the construction progress and, on the other hand, such an elevator can be used as a passenger and freight elevator for floors already used as residential or business premises during the construction phase of the building.
In order to be able to easily realize an increasing usable lifting height of the elevator, its elevator car is configured as a self-propelled elevator car, which is moved up and down by a drive system, which comprises a rack strand and a pinion attached to the elevator car and interacting with the rack strand. A guide system for the elevator car, the length of which can be adjusted to the current elevator shaft height, is installed along the elevator shaft, and the rack strand is fixed to this guide system parallel to its guide direction having a length that can also be adjusted to the current elevator shaft height. The pinion interacting with the said rack strand for driving the elevator car is fastened on the output shaft of a drive unit arranged on the elevator car. The energy supply to the drive unit is carried out via an electrical conductor line.
The indoor construction elevator described in CN106006303 A having backpack guide and rack gear drive is not suitable as an elevator with high travel speed. However, high travel speeds of e.g. at least 3 m/s are necessary for final elevator systems in buildings the building height of which justifies the installation of a construction phase elevator system, the usable lifting height of which can be adapted to an increasing height of the elevator shaft during the construction phase of the building.
The invention is based on the task of creating a method of the type described at the beginning, with the application of which the disadvantages of the internal construction elevator, mentioned as the state of the art, can be avoided. In particular, the method is intended to solve the problem that the travel speed that can be achieved by the internal construction elevator is not sufficient to serve as a normal passenger and goods elevator after completion of a high building.
The problem is solved by a method of the type described above, in which for the duration of the construction phase of the building a construction phase elevator system is installed in the elevator shaft, which becomes higher with the increasing height of the building, which system comprises a self-propelled construction phase elevator car whose usable lifting height can be adapted to an increasing elevator shaft height, wherein at least one guide rail strand is installed to guide the construction phase elevator car along its travel path in the elevator shaft, wherein for driving the construction phase elevator car a drive system is mounted which comprises a primary part attached to the construction phase elevator car and a secondary part attached along the travel path of the construction phase elevator car, wherein the guide rail strand and the secondary part of the drive system are gradually extended upwards during the construction phase correspondingly with the increasing elevator shaft height, wherein the self-propelled construction phase elevator car is used both for transporting persons and/or material for the construction of the building and as a passenger and freight elevator for floors already utilized as residential or business premises during the construction phase of the building, and wherein, after the elevator shaft has reached its final height, instead of the construction phase elevator system, a final elevator system is installed in the elevator shaft which is modified compared to the construction phase elevator system.
The advantages of the method according to the invention can be seen in particular in the fact that, on the one hand, during the construction phase, an elevator optimal for this phase is available, with which the already constructed floors are attainable without repeated lifting of a movable machine room, in order to transport construction specialists, construction material and residents of already created lower floors, and that, on the other hand, after the elevator shaft has reached its final height, a final elevator system especially suitable for the building regarding travel speed can be used. Possible modifications may consist, for example, in that a drive motor and/or associated rotational speed regulating device with higher power is used, transmission ratios in drive components or diameters of traction sheaves or friction wheels are changed, elevator cars with reduced weight or other dimensions and equipment are installed, or a counterweight is integrated into the final elevator system.
In one of the possible configurations of the method according to the invention, instead of the construction phase elevator system, a final elevator system is installed in the elevator shaft, in which a drive system of an elevator car is modified compared to the drive system of the construction phase elevator car. With a modification of the drive system of the elevator car of the final elevator system, at least the necessary high travel speed of the elevator car of the final elevator system can be achieved. Examples of possible modifications of the elevator system include an increase in the drive power of the drive motor and the related speed regulating device, the change of transmission ratios of drive components, the use of a different type of drive, for example a type of drive not suitable for a self-propelled elevator car, etc.
In a further possible configuration of the procedure according to the invention, the drive system of the elevator car of the final elevator system is based on a different operating principle than the drive system of the construction phase elevator car. Since the final elevator system and thus the related drive system do not have to meet the requirement of being adaptable to an increasing building height, the application of a drive system based on a different operating principle allows an optimal adaptation of the final elevator system to requirements concerning driving speed, travel performance and driving comfort. In the present context, the term “operating principle” refers to the type of generation of a force for lifting an elevator car and its transfer to the elevator car. Preferred drive systems having an operating principle different from that of the self-propelled construction phase elevator car are drives having flexible suspension means—such as wire ropes or belts—which support and drive the elevator car of a final elevator system in various arrangement variants of the driving engine and suspension means. In general, however, all drive systems—including, for example, electric linear motor drives, hydraulic drives, recirculating ball screw drives, etc.—can be used whose operating principle differs from the operating principle of the drive system of the self-propelled construction phase elevator car, and which are suitable for relatively large lifting heights and can generate sufficiently high driving speeds of the elevator car.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, a final elevator car of the final elevator system is guided on the same at least one guide rail strand on which the construction phase elevator car was guided. This avoids the large amount of work, the high costs and, in particular, the long interruption period of elevator operation for replacing at least one guide rail strand.
In another possible configuration of the procedure according to the invention, the construction phase elevator car is used during the construction phase of the building both for the transport of persons and/or material for the construction of the building and as a passenger and freight elevator for floors already utilized as residential or business premises during the construction phase of the building. This ensures that, on the one hand, construction workers and building materials can be transported in the elevator car during almost the entire construction period of the building. On the other hand, users of apartments or business premises occupied before completion of the building can be transported between at least the floors associated with these rooms in compliance with the regulations, without having to interrupt operation for days on end when adjustments are made to the lifting height of the elevator car during the construction phase.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, an assembly platform and/or a protective platform is/are temporarily installed above a momentary upper limit of the travel path of the construction phase elevator car, according to which, during the adaptation of the usable lifting height of the construction phase elevator car to an increasing elevator shaft height, the assembly platform and/or the protective platform can be lifted to a higher elevator shaft level by means of the self-propelled construction phase elevator car. This ensures that the at least one protective platform and, if necessary, also an assembly platform, which is relatively heavy and absolutely necessary as protection against falling objects, can be lifted along the newly created elevator shaft and fixed in a new position with little effort in terms of working time and lifting devices.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, the protective platform which can be raised by means of the self-propelled construction phase elevator car is configured as an assembly platform, from which the said at least one guide rail strand is extended upwards. On the one hand, the combination of protective platform and assembly platform results in cost savings for their manufacture. On the other hand, the protective platform and the assembly platform can each be brought into a new position in the elevator shaft suitable for the assembly work to be carried out in a single step and without additional lifting equipment by lifting by means of the self-propelled construction phase elevator car and fixing it there.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, the primary part of the drive system assembled for driving the construction phase elevator car comprises a plurality of driven friction wheels, wherein the construction phase elevator car is driven by an interaction of the driven friction wheels having the secondary part of the drive system attached along the travel path of the construction phase elevator car. The use of friction wheels as the primary part of a drive of a construction phase elevator car is advantageous because a corresponding secondary part extending along the entire travel path can be produced from simple and inexpensive members, and because relatively high speeds having low generation of noise can be realized with friction wheel drives.
In a further possible configuration of the procedure according to the invention, the at least one guide rail strand is used as a secondary part of the drive system of the self-propelled construction phase elevator car. By the use of the guide rail strand, which is in any case necessary for both the construction phase elevator car and the final elevator car, as the secondary part of the drive system allows very high costs to be saved for the manufacture and, in particular, for the installation and adjustment of such a secondary part extending over the entire elevator shaft height.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, at least two driven friction wheels are pressed against each of two opposing guide surfaces of the at least one guide rail strand for driving the construction phase elevator car, wherein the friction wheels acting on the same guide surface in each case are arranged spaced apart from another in the direction of the guide rail strand. By such an arrangement of at least four driven friction wheels acting on each guide rail strand, the necessary high driving force for lifting at least the construction phase elevator car and the protective platform or the combination of protective platform and assembly platform can be achieved.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, at least one of the friction wheels is rotationally mounted at one end of a pivot lever which is pivotally mounted at its other end on a pivot axis fixed to the construction phase elevator car, wherein the pivot axis of the pivot lever is arranged such that the center of the friction wheel lies below the center of the pivot axis when the friction wheel is placed or pressed against the guide surface of the guide rail strand associated with it. Such an arrangement of the at least one friction wheel ensures that when the construction phase elevator car is driven in an upward direction, a pressing force is automatically established between the friction wheel and the guide surface which is approximately proportional to the driving force transferred from the guide surface to the friction wheel. This avoids the friction wheels always having to be pressed so hard that a driving force necessary for the maximum total weight of the construction phase elevator car can be transferred.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, the at least one friction wheel is pressed against a guide surface of a guide rail strand at any time with a minimum pressing force by the effect of a spring member—for example a helical compression spring. In combination with the described arrangement of the friction wheels, the minimum pressing force causes that as soon as the friction wheels start driving the construction phase elevator car in upward direction, pressing forces between the friction wheels and the guide rail strand guide surfaces are automatically adjusted, which are approximately proportional to the current total weight of the construction phase elevator car.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, the at least one friction wheel is driven by an electric motor exclusively associated with this friction wheel or by a hydraulic motor exclusively associated with this friction wheel. Such a drive arrangement enables a very simple and compact drive configuration.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, the at least one friction wheel and the electric motor associated therewith or the friction wheel and the associated hydraulic motor are arranged on the same axis. With such an arrangement of friction wheel and drive motor, a further simplification of the entire drive configuration can be realized.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, in a drive system in which at least two driven friction wheels are pressed against each of two mutually opposite guide surfaces of the at least one guide rail strand and each friction wheel and its associated electric motor are arranged on the same axis, the electric motors of the friction wheels acting on the one guide surface of a guide rail strand are arranged offset by approximately one length of an electric motor compared to the electric motors of the friction wheels acting on the other guide surface in the axial direction of the friction wheels and electric motors. In that the electric motors, the diameter of which is considerably larger than the diameter of the friction wheels, are arranged offset from each other in the axial direction, it is achieved that the installation spaces of the electric motors of the friction wheels acting on one guide surface of the guide rail strand do not overlap with the installation spaces of the electric motors of the friction wheels acting on the other guide surface of the guide rail strand, even if the friction wheels arranged on either side of the guide rail strand are positioned so that their mutual distances measured in the direction of the guide rail strand are not substantially larger than the diameters of the electric motors. The necessary height of the installation space for the drive system is minimized by this arrangement of the drive system—particularly when using the drive electric motors having relatively large diameters.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, at least one group of several friction wheels is driven by a single electric motor associated with the group or by a single hydraulic motor associated with the group, a torque transmission to the friction wheels of the group being effected by means of a mechanical gear. With such a drive concept a simplification of the electrical or hydraulic part of the drive can be achieved.
In another possible configuration of the method according to the invention, a sprocket gear, a belt gear, a toothed gear or a combination of such gears is used as mechanical gear for the torque transmission to the friction wheels. Such gears make it possible to drive the friction wheels of a group of a plurality of friction wheels from a single drive motor.
In another possible configuration of the method according to the invention, each of the electric motors driving at least one friction wheel and/or an electric motor driving a hydraulic pump feeding at least one hydraulic motor driving at least one friction wheel is fed by at least one frequency converter controlled by a controller of the construction phase elevator system. Such a drive concept allows perfect regulation of the driving speed of the construction phase elevator car.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, a power supply device is installed to the construction phase elevator car, which power supply device comprises a conductor line installed along the elevator shaft, which is extended according to the increasing elevator shaft height during the construction phase. This enables a power supply to the construction phase elevator car that can be easily adjusted to the current elevator shaft height, which can also transfer the electrical power necessary for lifting the construction phase elevator car and the protective platform, or possibly for lifting the construction phase elevator car and the combination of protective platform and assembly platform.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, a holding brake acting between the construction phase elevator car and the at least one guide rail strand is activated during each downtime of the self-propelled construction phase elevator car of the construction phase elevator system, and having at least one friction wheel, the torque transferred from the associated drive motor to the at least one friction wheel for generating drive force is reduced to a minimum. Such a design has the advantage that during the standstill of the construction phase elevator car, the friction wheels do not have to apply the necessary vertical holding force. Therefore, they do not have to be pressed against the guiding surfaces of the guide rail strand. In this way, the problem of flattening the periphery of the friction linings during downtime can be largely defused. Since each friction wheel is pressed against the guide surface approximately proportional to the driving force transmitted between it and the guide surface due to the above described way of arrangement, it is necessary to reduce this driving force or the torque transmitted from the driving motor to the friction wheel to a minimum.
In a further possible configuration of the method according to the invention, a primary part of an electric linear drive is used as the primary part of the drive system for driving the construction phase elevator car and a secondary part of said electric linear drive fixed along the elevator shaft is used as the secondary part of said drive system. Such a configuration of the method according to the invention has the advantage that the drive of the construction phase elevator car is contact-free and wear-free, and the traction capability of the drive cannot be impaired by contamination.
In another possible configuration of the method according to the invention, at least one electric motor or hydraulic motor driving a pinion and rotational speed regulated by means of a frequency converter is used as the primary part of the drive system for driving the construction phase elevator car, and at least one rack strand fixed along the elevator shaft is used as the secondary part of said drive system. Such a configuration of the method according to the invention has the advantage that in the case of a pinion rack drive, the driving force is transferred positively and a holding brake on the construction phase elevator car is not absolutely necessary. In addition, relatively few driven pinions are necessary for the transfer of the entire driving force. With rotational speed regulation by means of a frequency inverter, in which the frequency inverter acts either on the electric motor driving at least one pinion or on an electric motor which regulates the rotational speed of a hydraulic pump feeding the hydraulic motor, the driving speed of the construction phase elevator car can be continuously regulated.
In the following, embodiments of the invention are explained based on the attached drawings. In which:
The control of the drive motors of the drive system 7 of the construction phase elevator car 4 can be carried out optionally by a conventional elevator control (not represented) or by means of a mobile manual control 10—preferably with wireless signal transmission.
The feed to the electric motors of the drive system of the construction phase elevator car 4 can be supplied via a conductor line 11 guided along the elevator shaft 1. In this case, a frequency inverter 13 arranged on the construction phase elevator car 4 can be supplied with alternating current via the conductor line 11 and corresponding wiper contacts 12, wherein the frequency converters feed the electric motors driving the friction wheels 8 or at least one electric motor driving a hydraulic pump with variable rotational speed. Alternatively, a stationary AC-DC converter can feed direct current into such a conductor line, which is tapped on the construction phase elevator car by means of the wiper contacts and supplied to the variable-speed electric motors of the drive system via at least one converter having controllable output frequency. If the friction wheels 8 are driven by hydraulic motors fed by a hydraulic pump having a flow rate adjustable at constant rotational speed, no frequency conversion is necessary.
To enable the above mentioned elevator operation for construction workers and floor users, the construction phase elevator car 4 is equipped with a car door system 4.2.1 controlled by the elevator control, which interacts with shaft doors 20, each of which is installed prior to an adaptation of the usable lifting height of the construction phase elevator car 4 along the additional driving range in elevator shaft 1.
In the construction phase elevator system 3.1 represented in
A first protective platform 25 is temporarily fixed in the uppermost area of the currently present elevator shaft 1. On the one hand, this has the task of protecting persons and devices in elevator shaft 1—particularly in the aforementioned assembly platform 22—from objects that could fall down during the construction work taking place on building 2. On the other hand, the first protection platform 25 can serve as a supporting member for a lifting apparatus 24, with which the assembly platform 22 can be raised or lowered. In the embodiment of the construction phase elevator system shown in
Below the assembly platform 22, a second protective platform 23 is represented in
In the construction phase elevator system 3.1 represented in
In another possible embodiment of the construction phase elevator system 3.1, both the second protective platform 23 and the assembly platform 22 can be lifted together by the construction phase elevator car 4 to a level desired for specific assembly work, where they are temporarily fixed in the elevator shaft 1 or temporarily retained by the construction phase elevator car. Since in this case no lifting apparatus is present for lifting the assembly platform 22, this embodiment assumes that the construction phase elevator car, in addition to its function of ensuring the said elevator operation for construction workers and floor users, can be made available sufficiently frequently and for a sufficiently long time for lifting and, if necessary, holding the assembly platform 22.
In
The drive system 7.1 represented in
An additional measure for preventing a flattening of the plastic friction linings of the friction wheels 8 consists in the fact that during each downtime of the construction phase elevator car 4 an unloading of the friction wheels 8 takes place by activating a holding brake 37 acting between the construction phase elevator car and the elevator shaft—preferably between the construction phase elevator car and the at least one guide rail strand 5—and the torque transferred by the drive motors 30.1 to the friction wheels is reduced at a minimum. As a holding brake, a brake which is only used for this purpose or a controllable safety brake can be used.
For regulating the driving speed, the electric motors 30.1 are fed via a frequency converter 13, which is controlled by a (not shown) elevator control.
As can be seen from
Hydraulic drives require at least one hydraulic power unit 36, which preferably comprises an electrically driven hydraulic pump. To feed the hydraulic motors 30.3 driving the friction wheels 8 at variable speeds, for example, a hydraulic pump with electrohydraulically controllable delivery volume driven by an electric motor with constant rotational speed or a hydraulic pump with constant delivery volume driven by an electric motor with frequency converter speed control can be used. The hydraulic motors are preferably operated in hydraulic parallel circuit. Series circuitry is however also possible. The power supply to the hydraulic power unit 36 is preferably carried out via a conductor line, as explained for the feed of the electric motors in the context of
The construction phase elevator car 4 according to
Basically, all known linear motor principles can be used as a drive system for a self-propelled construction phase elevator car, for example linear motors with a plurality of permanent magnets arranged along the secondary part as counter poles to electromagnets driven with alternating current strength in the primary part. For self-propelled construction phase elevator cars with large usable lifting height, however, reluctance linear motors can be realized at the lowest cost.
For actuating such electric linear motors, it is advantageous to use frequency converters whose mode of operation is generally known. Such a frequency converter 13 is attached to the car frame 54.1 in
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present invention has been described in what is considered to represent its preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18177874 | Jun 2018 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2019/064824 | 6/6/2019 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/238530 | 12/19/2019 | WO | A |
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