This application claims the benefit of the Korean Application No. P2002-81721 filed on Dec. 12, 2002, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile communication technology, and more particularly, to a method for estimating a Doppler frequency with phase information, thereby estimating a maximum Doppler frequency.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
According as frequency resource becomes important in mobile communication technology, adaptive receiver techniques have been paid much attention to an efficient usage of the frequency resource and a flexible resource management. There are a lot of factors to optimize a performance of the adaptive receiver. Above all, to estimate a maximum Doppler frequency is one of the most valuable factors. The maximum Doppler frequency has been estimated according to the variation of the measured pilot signal strength. However, the method for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency may have errors in case of that the adaptive receiver has a great Gaussian noise or a very high Doppler frequency.
In a communication system using a Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation of a non-coherent method, a maximum Doppler frequency is also estimated based on variations of the received signal strength. Particularly, in case of a communication system using Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) modulation, because a pilot signal is not transmitted to a receiver, the receiver may estimate a maximum Doppler frequency using variations of another received signal such as traffic signal.
However, if the aforementioned method for estimating the maximum Doppler frequency with variations of a power for the received signal is applied to CDMA system using a rapid closed loop power control method, it has problems decreasing an accuracy in the estimating of a maximum Doppler frequency.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for estimating Doppler frequency that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
An object of the present invention is to provide to a method for estimating Doppler frequency for improving accuracy in the estimate of the maximum Doppler frequency with phase variations (phase differences) of received signals.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a method for estimating a Doppler frequency, comprises the steps of measuring phases of phase samples from a plurality of slots of a received signal, evaluating a phase difference of the measured phase, and estimating a Doppler frequency according to a mean of at least one phase difference.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method for estimating a Doppler frequency, comprises the steps of measuring phases of phase samples for successive slots of a demodulated pilot signal at each predetermined period τ, evaluating a phase difference of the phases measured at the period τ, evaluating a mean of an absolute phase difference, and estimating a maximum Doppler frequency with the mean of the absolute phase differences and the period τ.
In still another aspect of the present invention, a method for estimating a Doppler frequency, comprises the steps of extracting phase samples for each of successive slots of a phase shift keying (PSK) demodulated signal, compensating the phases of a portion of the phase samples for each of the successive slots, evaluating a mean phase of the phase samples for each of the successive slots, evaluating respective differences of mean phases for every successive slots, evaluating a mean of absolute values of the differences, and estimating a maximum Doppler frequency with the mean of the absolute values and a period τ of extracting the phase samples.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings:
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Even though the present invention is illustrated with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the following preferred embodiments. That is, the present invention may include variations if they come within the scope of the main technology of the present invention.
In a method for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, a phase difference of phases measured at each predetermined period τ is calculated, and a mean of phase differences calculated from the measured phases is calculated. And then, a maximum Doppler frequency is estimated from the calculated mean phase difference.
Especially, the present invention may be adapted to a communication system which does not transmit a pilot signal. That is, in a communication system transmitting a pilot signal, a maximum Doppler frequency is estimated based on phase variations in slots of the pilot signal. Meanwhile, a communication system, in which a pilot signal is not transmitted, uses phase differences in slots of a demodulated traffic signal to estimate the maximum Doppler frequency.
A method for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention includes following four steps.
where
is a constant value used for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency in urban environments, and the constant value may vary based on a place of estimating a Doppler frequency. Therefore, the maximum Doppler frequency (fD) is estimated.
Referring to
ζi=φi−φi−1 [Equation 1]
When ζi is a phase difference φ2−φ1 of the respective phases φ2=φ(t+τ) and φ1=(t), ζ satisfying −π<ζ<π, the probability density function P(ζ) of ζ is expressed as following Equation 2. At this time, the following Equation 2 is an example of a probability density function of ζ in urban environments.
In the above Equation 2, λ=J0(2πfDτ). At this time, fD is a maximum Doppler frequency.
Next, a mean of absolute phase differences evaluated at each predetermined period τ is evaluated (S3). Meanwhile, a mean E(|ζ|) of an absolute phase difference of ζ denoting a phase difference of the phase samples can be expressed as following Equation 3.
In Equation 3, the mean E(|ζ|) of the absolute phase differences of ζ denoting the phase difference of the phase samples is directly related to a maximum Doppler frequency fD.
A mean of absolute phase differences evaluated from ‘N’ phase samples is evaluated as following Equation 4.
In the above Equation 4, as ‘N’ is larger, ‘Z’ converges to E(|ζ|). That is, ‘Z’ is the approximation of E(|ζ|) evaluated at each predetermined period τ.
According to Equation 3 and 4, a maximum Doppler frequency fD is related with a mean of an absolute phase difference ‘Z’ as shown Equation 5.
In Equation 5, the maximum Doppler frequency is estimated (S4). Also, a constant value K varies based on a radio environment condition. For example, K is
in the urban environments. At this time, a period τ satisfying fDτ<0.4 (where)
may be marginally set to estimate a maximum Doppler frequency in a high Doppler frequency region. In this state, ‘Z’ obtains an accuracy of the approximation when satisfying fDτ<0.4.
The first preferred embodiment of the present invention using a phase difference of a demodulated pilot signal does not have any performance degradation in a communication system using the closed loop power control like CDMA system. Accordingly, if the first preferred embodiment of the present invention is applied to the CDMA system, an accuracy in estimating of a maximum Doppler frequency is improved.
However, in a communication system using a PSK modulation/demodulation of the non-coherent method, a pilot signal is not transmitted. A method for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency in the communication system that does not transmit the pilot signal will be described as follows.
An estimating procedure of
When a DPSK modulated signal is “0”, a binary signal value, the DPSK modulated signal is transmitted without a phase shifting. Meanwhile, when a DPSK modulated signal is “1”, the DPSK modulated signal may have a phase shifting of 180 degrees, and then transmitted.
A constellation of a received DPSK demodulated signal is shown in
A method for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
First, a phase difference is evaluated for being applied to the aforementioned Equations 4 and 5. In fact, it is impossible to evaluate an absolute phase difference |φn−φn−1| applied to Equation 4 in a communication system using a DPSK modulation/demodulation of the non-coherent method. Thus, the absolute phase difference |φn−φn−1| applied to Equation 4 is evaluated through the following first to fifth steps, and a maximum Doppler frequency is estimated in the sixth step at the same way as the first embodiment of the present invention.
STEP 1: In
STEP 2: The phase samples are compensated for phases with a phase offset of 180 degrees so that all of phase samples may be located in the dominant quadrant of
STEP 3: After compensating the phases samples with the phase offset of 180 degrees, a mean phase of the phase samples extracted for the ‘i’th slot is evaluated. That is, a mean phase {circumflex over (θ)}i of the phase samples for the ‘i’th slot is evaluated.
STEP 4: For the next slot, (i+1)th slot, aforementioned first to third steps are performed to evaluate a mean phase {circumflex over (θ)}i+1 of phase samples extracted for the ‘i+1’th slot.
STEP 5: A phase difference Δ{circumflex over (θ)}i is evaluated between the mean phase {circumflex over (θ)}i for the ‘i’th slot and the mean phase {circumflex over (θ)}i+1 for the ‘i+1’th slot according to following Equations 6 and 7.
In Equations 6 and 7, Ki is a reliability factor, and αi is a mean power the phase samples extracted for the ‘i’th slot. In Equation 7, a received signal having a power more than a predetermined threshold value (αthresh) is used for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency.
In equation 6 of the present invention, a modular calculation is used with regard to selecting a dominant quadrant in which phase samples having shifted phases are distributed. That is, equation 6 takes into account of compensating for the phase samples with a phase offset of 180 degrees, wherein the phase samples are transmitted from a transmitter without a phase shifting.
In the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above first to fifth steps are repeated ‘N’ times at each predetermined period τ.
STEP 6: The phase differences calculated ‘N’ times are applied to Equation 4 to evaluate a mean of absolute phase differences calculated ‘N’ times. Thus, the evaluated approximation Z is applied to Equation 5, whereby a maximum Doppler frequency is estimated.
In the second preferred embodiment, a phase difference |{circumflex over (θ)}i+1−{circumflex over (θ)}i| of at least two successive slots is calculated from the respective mean phases {circumflex over (θ)}i and {circumflex over (θ)}i+1 of the phase samples evaluated according to the third to fourth steps. Next, the phase difference is applied to Equation 4 to evaluate a mean of absolute phase differences, and the evaluated mean of the absolute phase differences is applied to Equation 5 to estimate a maximum Doppler frequency.
However, in the present invention, the calculated phase difference is decreased by the reliability factor ki. This reason is that a phase difference evaluated from a received signal of a low power may generate errors in estimating a maximum Doppler frequency.
In the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to extract phase information of a radio channel from a DPSK demodulated signal of the non-coherent method. Also, a maximum Doppler frequency is estimated by the extracted phase information.
As mentioned above, a method for estimating a maximum Doppler frequency according to preferred embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages.
In a communication system having a pilot signal, it is possible to improve accuracy in estimating a maximum Doppler frequency with phase variations for a plurality of slots of the pilot signal. In case of a communication system in which a pilot signal is not transmitted (especially, the system using a phase modulation/demodulation of the non-coherent method), a maximum Doppler frequency is estimated with a phase difference for at least two successive slots of a demodulated traffic signal with accuracy.
Especially, even if the method estimating a maximum Doppler frequency with the statistics of phase differences is applied to a CDMA system using a rapidly closed loop power control, accuracy is not impaired in estimating a maximum Doppler frequency because the phase information of the received signals is not influenced by the closed loop power control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10-2002-0081721 | Dec 2002 | KR | national |
10-2003-0000401 | Jan 2003 | KR | national |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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5504786 | Gardner | Apr 1996 | A |
6614860 | Piirainen | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6697437 | Arai et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
Number | Date | Country |
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2002-261846 | Sep 2002 | JP |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20040125873 A1 | Jul 2004 | US |