Patent Application
20160011106
The present invention relates to a method for evaluating optical characteristics of a transparent substrate, and an optical device.
Typically, a cover formed of a transparent substrate is arranged on a display surface side of a display device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) device.
However, in a case where such transparent substrate is arranged on the display device, an object that is placed in its surrounding is often reflected when an image displayed on the display device is viewed through the transparent substrate. Such reflection not only makes the displayed image difficult to view for the viewer but also causes discomfort for the viewer.
In order to prevent such reflection, a method such as an anti-glare process may be performed to form irregularities on the front surface of the transparent substrate.
It is to be noted that Patent Document 1 discloses a method of evaluating reflection on a display device by using a special device.
As described above, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of evaluating reflection on a display device by using a special device.
However, optical characteristics that are desired for a transparent substrate are not limited to reduction of reflection. That is, optical characteristics such as resolution and reflected-image of a transparent substrate are to be suitable according to the usage of the transparent substrate. Thus, simply considering a single optical characteristic is insufficient in a case of selecting a transparent substrate. It often becomes necessary to consider multiple suitable optical characteristics at the same time.
The term “resolution” indicates how much an image matches a displayed image when the displayed image is viewed through a transparent substrate. Further, the term “reflected-image diffusibility” indicates how much an image reflected from an object (e.g., illumination lamp) placed at the surrounding of a transparent substrate matches the original object.
Meanwhile, there may be tradeoff between optical characteristics desired for a transparent substrate. For example, an anti-glare process is performed on a front surface of a transparent substrate for increasing reflected-image diffusibility. However, the resolution of the transparent substrate tends to degrade in a case where the anti-glare process is performed. Therefore, selecting a suitable anti-glare process is difficult in a case of performing the anti-glare on a transparent substrate in accordance with multiple optical characteristics.
In view of the above, an embodiment of the present invention is aimed to provide a method for evaluating optical characteristics of a transparent substrate that allows a suitable transparent substrate to be selected according to purpose and usage, and an optical device having a transparent substrate in a suitable range according to the aforementioned evaluation method.
In order to achieve the above-described object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating optical characteristics of a transparent substrate including first and second surfaces and being positioned on a display surface side of a display device. The method includes evaluating the optical characteristics of the transparent substrate by using two index values including a quantified resolution index value of the transparent substrate and a quantified reflected-image diffusibility index value.
Next, embodiments of the present invention are described.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating an optical characteristic of a transparent substrate including first and second surfaces and being positioned on a display surface side of a display device. The method includes evaluating the optical characteristic of the transparent substrate by using two index values including a quantified resolution index value of the transparent substrate and a quantified reflected-image diffusibility index value.
As described above, optical characteristics such as resolution and reflected-image diffusibility are desired for a transparent substrate positioned on the display side of the display device. Therefore, considering merely a single optical characteristic is often insufficient in a case of selecting a transparent substrate.
On the other hand, according to an embodiment of the present invention, two optical characteristics of a transparent substrate, “resolution index value” and “reflected-image diffusibility index value” are target items that are taken into consideration.
With this method, a transparent substrate can be selected more appropriately because a transparent substrate can be selected by comprehensively considering two optical characteristics.
Further, with this method, quantified values of the resolution and the reflected-image diffusibility of a transparent substrate are used. Therefore, optical characteristics pertaining to resolution and reflected-image diffusibility can be objectively and quantitatively determined without being bound by the subjectivity or the preconception of the observer.
Further, there are often tradeoffs between optical characteristics desired for a transparent substrate, such as between resolution and reflected-image diffusibility. Conventionally, in such a case, selecting an appropriate transparent substrate that can balance two optical characteristics is difficult because there is no index to rely to for the selection.
On the other hand, with the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, two optical characteristics of a transparent substrate can be quantitatively and comprehensively evaluated. Accordingly, with the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, a transparent substrate having optimum optical characteristics can be appropriately selected in accordance with, for example, purpose and usage.
Next, a method for obtaining a resolution index value and a reflected-image diffusibility of a transparent substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings.
As illustrated in
(a) measuring a luminance of a transmitted light beam that is transmitted from a first surface side of a transparent substrate by radiating a first light beam in direction parallel to a thickness direction of the transparent substrate from a second surface side of the transparent substrate and changing a light receiving angle in a range from −90° to +90° relative to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate (Step S110);
(b) obtaining an angle in which the luminance of the transmitted light beam is largest (peak angle) (Step S120); and
(c) calculating a resolution index value T from the following Expression (1) (Step S130)
RESOLUTION INDEX VALUE T=(LUMINANCE OF ALL TRANSMITTED LIGHT BEAMS−LUMINANCE OF TRANSMITTED LIGHT BEAM AT PEAK ANGLE)/(LUMINANCE OF ALL TRANSMITTED LIGHT BEAMS). Expression (1)
Next, each of the steps are described.
First, a transparent substrate having first and second surfaces facing each other is prepared.
The transparent substrate may be formed with any material as long as the material is transparent. For example, the transparent substrate may be formed of glass or plastic.
In a case where the transparent substrate is formed of glass, the composition of glass is not to be limited in particular. For example, the glass may be soda-lime glass or alumino-silicate glass.
Further, in a case where the transparent substrate is formed of glass, a chemically strengthening process may be performed on the first or/and second surface.
The term “chemically strengthening process” is a generic term referring to a technology of immersing a glass substrate in molten salt including alkali metals and replacing alkali metals (ions) having small ion radii that exist on an outermost surface of the glass substrate with alkali metals (ions) having large ion radii that exist inside the molten salt. With the chemically strengthening process, alkali metals (ions) having larger ion radii than the original atoms are positioned on the surface of the processed glass substrate. Therefore, compressive stress can be applied to the surface of the glass substrate. Thus, the strength of the glass substrate (particularly, cracking strength) is improved.
For example, in a case where the glass substrate includes sodium ion (Na+), the sodium ion is replaced with potassium ion (Ka+) by the chemically strengthening process. Alternatively, in a case where the glass substrate includes, for example, lithium ion (Li+), the lithium ion may be replaced with sodium ion (Na+) and/or potassium ion (Ka+) by the chemically strengthening process.
In a case where the transparent substrate is formed of plastic, the composition of plastic is not to be limited in particular. For example, the transparent substrate may be a polycarbonate substrate.
It is to be noted that an anti-glare process may be performed on the first surface of the transparent substrate before Step S110. The method of performing the anti-glare process is not limited in particular. The anti-glare process may be, for example, a frosting process, an etching process, a sandblasting process, a wrapping process, or a silica-coating process. Instead of performing the anti-glare process directly on the transparent substrate, the same effects may be attained by adhering an anti-glare processed film to the transparent substrate beforehand.
After the anti-glare process is performed on the transparent substrate, the first surface of the transparent substrate may have a surface roughness (roughness average (Ra)) ranging from, for example, 0.05 μm to 0.5 μm.
Then, a first light beam is radiated from the side of the second surface of the transparent substrate in a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate, more specifically, in a direction on an angle θ=0°±0.5° (also referred to as “direction of angle 0°”). The first light beam is transmitted through the transparent substrate and radiated from the first surface. The angle θ for receiving the light beam radiated in a direction of angle from the first surface is changed in a range of −90° to +90°, and the luminance of the transmitted light beam is measured at each angle. Although the pitch between the received angle may be determined according to the ability of the measuring device, the pitch is 1° in this embodiment.
Then, among the angles for the measurement, the angle in which the luminance of the transmitted light beam is largest is assumed as “peak angle”, and the luminance at that angle is assumed as “luminance of transmitted light beam at peak angle”. Further, the total of the distribution of the luminance of the light beams transmitted through the transparent substrate and radiated from the first surface of the transparent substrate is assumed as “luminance of all transmitted light beams”. In this step, the peak angle is obtained. Further, according to the measurement results of Step S110, the luminance of the transmitted light beam at the peak angle can also be obtained. The measurement curve line that smoothly connects the values of the luminance of the transmitted light beams measured in Step S110 is anticipated to be substantially horizontally symmetrical in which the direction of angle 0 (i.e., incident angle) is the center. However, in a case where there is a peak due to an irregular such as a foreign material existing on the surface of the transparent substrate, the peak angle is obtained beforehand.
Then, the resolution index value T is calculated from the following Expression (1):
RESOLUTION INDEX VALUE T=(LUMINANCE OF ALL TRANSMITTED LIGHT BEAMS−LUMINANCE OF TRANSMITTED LIGHT BEAM AT PEAK ANGLE)/(LUMINANCE OF ALL TRANSMITTED LIGHT BEAMS. Expression (1)
The term “luminance of all transmitted light beams” refers to the integrated value in a case where the light receiving angle ranges from −90° to +90° along a smooth curved line connecting the values of the luminance of the transmitted light beams measured in Step S110. Further, the term “luminance of transmitted light beam at peak angle” refers to the integrated value in a range of ±0.5° relative to the peak angle obtained in Step S110 along a curved line of the transmitted light beam measured in Step S110.
As described below, the resolution index value T correlates with a resolution that is determined according to the visual observation of an observer. It is confirmed that the resolution index value indicates behavior similar to human visual perception. For example, a transparent substrate indicated with a high resolution index value T (close to 1) has unsatisfactory resolution whereas a transparent substrate indicated with a low resolution index value T has satisfactory resolution. Accordingly, the resolution index value T can be used as a quantitative index when determining the resolution of a transparent substrate.
As illustrated in
The transparent substrate 210 includes a first surface 212 and a second surface 214.
The light source 250 radiates a first light beam 262 to the transparent substrate 210. The type of light source 250 is not limited in particular. For example, the light source 250 may be any light source that emits light in the visible light region. For example, the light source 250 may be a halogen lamp.
The detector 270 receives a transmitted light beam 264 radiated from the first surface 212 and detects the luminance of the transmitted light beam 264. The detector 270 is not limited in particular as long as the detector 270 can detect the luminance of the light from the light source being used. For example, a photodiode may be used as the detector 270.
It is to be noted that the transparent substrate 210 is positioned, so that the second surface 214 is on the side of the light source 250 whereas the first surface 212 is on the side of the detector 270. Accordingly, the first light beam detected by the detector 270 is the transmitted light beam 264 transmitted through the transparent substrate 210. In a case where an anti-glare process is performed on one surface of the transparent substrate 210, the surface on which the anti-glare process is performed is the first surface 212 of the transparent substrate 210. That is, in this case, the transparent substrate 210 is positioned inside the measuring device 200, so that the surface on which the anti-glare process is performed is on the side of the detector 270.
Further, a first light beam 262 is radiated in a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate 210 at an angle θ. The angle θ is hereinafter assumed as 0°. In the present application, an angle of 0° includes a range of θ=0°±0.5 in light of the error of the measuring device.
In the measuring device 200, the first light beam 262 is radiated from the light source 250 to the transparent substrate 210. Then, by positioning the detector 270 at a position illustrated in
Then, the same operation is performed but by changing the angle θ for the detector 270 to receive the transmitted light beam 240 in a range of −90° to +90°.
Accordingly, the transmitted light beams 264 transmitted through the transparent substrate 210 and radiated from the first surface 212 in the range of −90° to +90° (i.e., all transmitted light beams) are detected by using the detector 270.
Then, the “peak angle” and the “luminance of the transmitted light beam at peak angle” are obtained from the distribution of the luminance of all transmitted light beams that have been detected. Then, by using the above-described expression (1), the resolution index value T of the transparent substrate 210 can be obtained.
It is to be noted that the above-described measurement can easily be performed by using a commercially available goniometer (goniophotometer).
As illustrated in
(a′) measuring a luminance of a reflected light beam that is reflected from a first surface side of a transparent substrate by radiating a second light beam in a direction 30° relative to a thickness direction of the transparent substrate from the first surface side of the transparent substrate and changing a light receiving angle in a range from 0° to +90° relative to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate (Step S210);
(b′) obtaining an angle in which the luminance of the reflected light beam is largest (peak angle) (Step S220); and
(c′) calculating a reflected-image diffusibility index value D from the following Expression (2) (Step S230)
REFLECTED-IMAGE DIFFUSIBILITY INDEX VALUE D=((LUMINANCE AT+1° FROM PEAK ANGLE)+(LUMINANCE AT−1° FROM PEAK ANGLE))/2/(LUMINANCE AT PEAK ANGLE). Expression (2)
Next, each of the steps are described.
First, a transparent substrate having first and second surfaces facing each other is prepared.
The material, composition or the like of the transparent substrate are the same as those described in Step S110. Thus, further description thereof is omitted.
Then, a second light beam is radiated from the side of the first surface of the transparent substrate in a direction that forms an angle of 30°±0.5° relative to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate. The second light beam is reflected from the first surface of the transparent substrate. The angle for receiving the reflected light beam is changed in a range of 0° to +90°, and the luminance of the reflected light beam is measured at each angle.
Then, the angle in which the luminance of the reflected light beam is largest is obtained. This angle is referred to as “peak angle”, and the luminance at that angle is referred to as “luminance at peak angle”. Further, the luminance of an angle that is 1° greater than the peak angle is referred to as “luminance+1° from peak angle”, and the luminance of an angle that is 1° less than the peak angle is referred to as “luminance −1° from peak angle”. The measurement curve line that smoothly connects the values of the luminance of the reflected light beams measured in Step S210 is anticipated to be substantially horizontally symmetrical in which the angle of specular reflection is the center. However, in a case where there is a peak due to an irregular such as a foreign material existing on the surface of the transparent substrate, the peak angle is obtained beforehand to preclude such peak.
Then, the reflected-image diffusibility index value D is calculated from the following Expression (2):
REFLECTED-IMAGE DIFFUSIBILITY INDEX VALUE D=(LUMINANCE AT+1° FROM PEAK ANGLE)+(LUMINANCE AT−1 FROM PEAK ANGLE)/2/(LUMINANCE OF AT PEAK ANGLE). Expression (2)
The term “luminance at peak angle” refers to the integrated value in a range of ±0.5° relative to the peak angle along a smooth curved line connecting the values of the luminance of the reflected light beams. Further, the term “luminance+1° from peak angle” refers to the integrated value in a range of ±0.5° relative to +1° from the peak angle along a curved line of the measured reflected light beam. The term “luminance−1° from peak angle” refers to the integrated value in a range of ±0.5° relative to −1° from the peak angle along a curved line of the measured reflected light beam.
As described below, the reflected-image diffusibility index value D correlates with a reflected-image diffusibility that is determined according to the visual observation of an observer. It is confirmed that the reflected-image diffusibility index value indicates behavior similar to human visual perception. For example, a transparent substrate indicated with a high reflected-image diffusibility index value D (close to 1) has satisfactory reflected-image diffusibility whereas a transparent substrate indicated with a low reflected-image diffusibility index value D has unsatisfactory reflected-image diffusibility. Accordingly, the reflected-image diffusibility index value D can be used as a quantitative index when determining the reflected-image diffusibility of a transparent substrate.
As illustrated in
The transparent substrate 210 includes the first surface 212 and the second surface 214.
The light source 350 radiates a second light beam 362 to the transparent substrate 210. The type of light source 350 is not limited in particular. For example, the light source 350 may be any light source that emits light in the visible light region. For example, the light source 350 may be a halogen lamp.
The detector 370 receives a reflected light beam 364 reflected from the first surface 212 and detects the luminance of the reflected light beam 364. The detector 370 is not limited in particular as long as the detector 370 can detect the luminance of the light from the light source being used. For example, a photodiode may be used as the detector 370.
It is to be noted that the transparent substrate 210 is positioned, so that the first surface 212 is on the side of the light source 350 and the detector 370. Accordingly, the second light beam detected by the detector 370 is the reflected light beam 364 reflected from the transparent substrate 210. In a case where an anti-glare process is performed on one surface of the transparent substrate 210, the surface on which the anti-glare process is performed is the first surface 212 of the transparent substrate 210. That is, in this case, the transparent substrate 210 is positioned inside the measuring device 200, so that the surface on which the anti-glare process is performed is on the side of the light source 350 and the detector 270.
Further, a second light beam 362 is radiated in an angle of 30° relative to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate 210. In the present application, an angle of 30° includes a range of 30°±0.5° in light of the error of the measuring device. Similarly, a “peak angle” includes a range of peak angle±0.5°, “luminance+1° from peak angle” includes a range of ±0.5° relative to +1° from the peak angle, and “luminance±1° from peak angle” includes a range of ±0.5° relative to ±1° from the peak angle.
In the measuring device 300, the luminance of a reflected light beam is measured by radiating the second light beam 362 from the light source 350 to the transparent substrate 210 and changing the angle φ for the detector 370 to measure the reflected light beam 364 in a range of 0° to +90°.
In this process, the peak angle at which the luminance of the light beam received by the detector 370 becomes largest is detected. Thus, the reflected-image diffusibility index value D of the transparent substrate 210 can be obtained according to the peak angle, the luminance+1° from the peak angle, and the luminance−1° from the peak angle by using the above-described expression (2).
It is to be noted that the above-described measurement can easily be performed by using a commercially available goniometer (goniophotometer).
Next, a case of evaluating optical characteristics of a transparent substrate by using two indices is described.
First, in a case of evaluating the resolution and the reflected-image diffusibility of a transparent substrate, a correlation diagram illustrated in
For reference, an ideal region in the transparent substrate having satisfactory (high) resolution and reflection-image diffusibility is indicated as “Ideal” in the region illustrated with diagonal lines.
In a conventional case where a candidate transparent substrate is selected from various transparent substrates by considering a single optical characteristic (e.g., resolution only), transparent substrates belonging to a region “A” illustrated with hatching are uniformly selected. That is, with such method, transparent substrates having insufficient reflected-image diffusibility would be included as the candidate transparent substrates. Similarly, in a case where a candidate transparent substrate is selected by only considering the reflected-image diffusibility, transparent substrates belonging to a region “B” illustrated with hatching are uniformly selected. Thus, transparent substrates having insufficient resolution would be included in the candidate transparent substrates.
As described above, there is a tradeoff between resolution and reflected-image diffusibility. It is practically impossible to obtain a transparent substrate having both characteristics, that is, a transparent substrate belonging to the region “Ideal”. Therefore, an appropriate transparent substrate cannot be selected even if resolution and reflected-image diffusibility are considered separately.
On the other hand, in a case where the correlation diagram of the resolution index value T and the reflected-image diffusibility index value D of
The range of the resolution index value T and the range of the reflected-image diffusibility D can be selected according to, for example, the distance between a display part and a transparent substrate of a display device using the transparent substrate, or a desired performance. The reflected-image diffusibility for preventing the contour of a reflected image from being visible is particularly important for a transparent substrate that is applied to an optical device used for reading text such as electronic books (a display device including an E-reader, electronic paper). Therefore, it is preferable to select a reflected-image diffusibility index value D that prevents a contour of a reflected image from being visible (e.g., D≧0.6) and select a resolution index value T that is high as possible (e.g., T≦0.7).
Because two optical characteristics can be comprehensively and quantitatively selected by using the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, a transparent substrate can be selected more appropriately according to purpose, usage, or the like.
Further, with the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the resolution index value and the reflected-image diffusibility of the transparent substrate can be used as quantified values. Therefore, optical characteristics pertaining to resolution and reflected-image diffusibility can be objectively and quantitatively determined without being bound by the subjectivity or the preconception of the observer.
It is to be noted that measurement results can be steadily obtained by using the peak angle because the use of the peak angle prevents irregularities on a surface of a sample from affecting measurement.
Next, an example of an optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to
As illustrated in
The transparent substrate 560 includes a first surface 562 and a second surface 564. The transparent substrate 560 is positioned on a display surface side of the display device 510 in a manner that the second surface is on the side of the display device 510.
It is to be noted that the transparent substrate 560 of the example of
The transparent substrate 560 may be formed of, for example, glass (e.g., soda-lime glass or alumino-silicate glass) or plastic (e.g., polycarbonate). Further, in a case where the transparent substrate 560 is formed of glass, a chemically strengthening process may be performed on at least one of the first surface 562 and the second surface 564.
Further, an anti-glare process may be performed on the first surface 562 of the transparent substrate 560. Because the anti-glare process is already described above, further description thereof is omitted.
The display device 510 includes a display surface (not illustrated). The transparent substrate 560 is positioned to cover the display surface. It is to be noted that any device may be used as the display device 510 as long as the device has a function of displaying an image on the display surface.
The display device 510 may be, for example, an LCD device, an OLED device, a PDP device, an electronic book (a display device including an E-reader, electronic paper), or a tablet-type display device.
It is to be noted that the side of the first surface 562 of the transparent substrate 560 of the optical device 500 is the observing side.
With the optical device 500 the above-described configuration, the transparent substrate 560 has the following optical characteristics:
Resolution index value T≦0.7
Reflected-image diffusibility index value D≧0.6.
It is to be noted that each of the resolution index value T and the reflected-image diffusibility index value D is obtained by the above-described method.
Because the resolution index value T is preferred to be a resolution level (TV lines) of 500 or more according to visual observation, the resolution value index value T is preferably 0.6 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or less.
Because the reflected-image diffusibility index value D is preferred to be a reflected-image diffusibility of level 7 or more, the reflected-image index value is preferably 0.7 or more, and more preferably 0.8 or more.
The transparent substrate 560 having the above-described optical characteristics has satisfactory resolution and reflected-image diffusibility. Thus, the light (image) from the side of the display device 510 is observed relatively clearly.
Accordingly, the optical device 500 including the transparent substrate 560 having the above-described optical characteristics is suitable for an optical device used for reading text such as electronic books (a display device including an E-reader, electronic paper).
Next, the results of actually performing resolution evaluation and reflected-image diffusibility evaluation on a transparent substrate are described.
Various transparent substrates were prepared. The resolution of each of the transparent substrates was evaluated by the following method.
First, transparent substrates having various anti-glare processes performed on their first surfaces were prepared. All of the transparent substrates where formed of glass. Transparent substrates having thicknesses ranging from 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm where selected.
Further, a plastic standard test chart (manufactured by DNP Co. Ltd., high accuracy resolution chart type I) was prepared.
Then, each of the transparent substrates was placed on the standard test chart. In this process, the transparent substrate was placed in a manner that the side of the first surface (i.e., anti-glare processed surface) of the transparent substrate is on the opposite side of the standard test chart. It is to be noted that the space between the transparent substrate and the standard test chart was 1 cm.
Then, the standard test was visually observed by way of the transparent substrate for evaluating the limit of bars that can be visually recognized (number of TV lines). Accordingly, the resolution level of each transparent substrate was determined by visual observation. It is to be noted that the maximum number of Tv lines of the standard test chart was 2000 lines.
Then, the operation including the above-described Steps S110-S130 was performed by using a gonio-photometer (GC5000L, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co. Ltd.), and the resolution index value T of each transparent substrate was calculated by using Expression (1). It is to be noted that the range of the light receiving angle with the measuring device was −85° to +85° in Step S120 due to structural constraints of the measuring device. Such measurement range has little influence on the calculation of the resolution index value T because the amount of transmitted light in the range of −90° to −85° and the range of +85° to +90° is substantially zero.
According to
These results indicate that the resolution index value T corresponds to an observer's pattern for determining resolution by visual observation and suggest that the resolution of a transparent substrate can be determined by using the resolution index value T. That is, by using the resolution index value T, the resolution of the transparent substrate can be objectively and quantitatively determined.
Then, by using the various transparent substrates subjected to the above-described resolution evaluation, the reflected-image diffusibility of each of the transparent substrates was evaluated by the following method.
First, each of the transparent substrates was visually observed from the side of the first surface (i.e., anti-glare processed surface) and had its reflected-image diffusibility evaluated with a 12 level grading scale from level 1 to level 12. It is to be noted that, although the direction of observation was 45° relative to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate, the result is substantially the same as a direction of 30°. Thus, the direction of observation of 45° has no significant influence for inspecting correlation.
According to
Then, the operation including the above-described Steps S210-S230 was performed by using a gonio-photometer (GC5000L, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co. Ltd.), and the reflected-image diffusibility index value D of each transparent substrate was calculated by using Expression (2).
It is to be noted that the range of the light receiving angle with the measuring device was +5° to +85° in Step S210 due to structural constraints of the measuring device. Such measurement range has little influence on the calculation of the reflected-image diffusibility index value D because the amount of reflected light in the range of 0° to +5° and the range of +85° to +90° is substantially zero.
According to
Particularly, it is preferable for the incident angles of the radiation direction of the second light beam to be 20° and 30° relative to the thickness direction of the transparent substrate because the correlation coefficients for both cases surpassed 0.8 when the level of the reflected-image diffusibility is 7 or more.
Considering the usage of the transparent substrate, it is preferable to attain both satisfactory resolution and reflected-image diffusibility at an incident angle that widely ranges from 0° to 60°. Therefore, the evaluation for 30° (which is the intermediate value) is particularly preferable.
These results indicate that the reflected-image diffusiblity index value D corresponds to an observer's pattern for determining the level of reflected-image diffusibility by visual observation and suggest that the reflected-image diffusibility of a transparent substrate can be determined by using the reflected-image diffusibility index value D. That is, by using the reflected-image diffusibility index value D, the reflected-image diffusibility of the transparent substrate can be objectively and quantitatively determined.
Hence, it is confirmed that the resolution index value T and the reflected-image diffusiblity index value D can be used as quantitative indices for the resolution and the reflected-image diffusiblity of a transparent substrate.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-073375 | Mar 2013 | JP | national |
This application is a U.S. continuation application filed under 35 USC 111(a) claiming benefit under 35 USC 120 and 365(c) of PCT application PCT/JP2014/057612, filed Mar. 19, 2014, which claims priority to application Ser. No. 2013-073375, filed in Japan on Mar. 29, 2013. The foregoing applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2014/057612 | Mar 2014 | US |
| Child | 14859690 | US |
