The invention relates to a method for fastening components, in particular sheet metal parts in vehicle body manufacturing.
In motor vehicle body manufacturing, sheet metal parts are positioned in relation to one another and fastened in the predetermined position before welding. This is effected, for example, with the aid of clamping frames, in which the sheet metal parts are held firmly by use of a complex receiving and clamping technique.
It is an object of the invention to simplify and reduce the cost of the fastening of components, while observing the high demands made on the accuracy of the positioning.
This and other objects are achieved by a method for fastening components, in particular sheet metal parts in vehicle body manufacturing. The method includes the following steps:
providing a first component having at least one receiving opening in a planar region of the first component, a plurality of clamping portions extending from the edge of the receiving opening in the direction of the center of the opening;
providing a second component having at least one extension extending from a surface of the second component: and
introducing the extension into the receiving opening, thereby bending the clamping portions.
The invention is based on the knowledge that, when fastening components, in particular sheet metal parts in vehicle body manufacturing, it is possible to dispense with complex clamping frames and the like if it is possible to achieve precise and stable positioning by effective clamping of the components. Precisely this is provided by the method according to the invention in that the extension of the second component is introduced into the receiving opening of the first component provided with the clamping portions.
The clamping portions extend originally in the direction of the center of the receiving opening (this not necessarily requiring the clamping portions to lie precisely in the same plane as that region of the component which surrounds the receiving opening). The clamping portions can simply be punched or cut out in another way together with the receiving opening. They replace the fastening elements which have been conventional to date, for instance coarse threaded bolts, projection nuts or the like, which have to be welded on in a complex working step.
Upon introduction, the clamping portions are bent by the extension. This bending of the clamping portions in the direction in which the extension is introduced is at least partially elastic. The clamping portions therefore exert a clamping force on the extension in the opposite direction, which has been found to be surprisingly large. The clamping force is adequate in any case to hold the second component with the extension in a defined and secure manner in the receiving opening, in particular if more than only one pair consisting of an extension and receiving opening is provided. In this case, the components to be joined can be held by gripping robots and can be moved in relation to one another in such a way that the extensions are introduced into the receiving openings.
A significant advantage of the invention is that the clamping portions automatically center the extension in the receiving opening given a suitable arrangement. Due to modern technology, the position, shape and dimensions of the receiving openings and extensions required for the invention can be manufactured in such a precise way that the high demands made on the fastening of components in vehicle body manufacturing are satisfied. The method according to the invention therefore makes it possible in a simple manner to build complex vehicle bodies without the receiving and clamping technique conventional to date.
It is ideally the case that the shape and the dimensions of the receiving opening (hole) are adapted precisely to the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the extension. This gives rise to a defined positioning and fastening of the components without play.
It is preferable that the extension has a cylindrical portion, which is easy to produce. Accordingly, the receiving opening should have a diameter which is adapted to the diameter of the cylindrical portion. “Adapted” means that the diameter of the receiving opening is not smaller than, but at best slightly larger than, the diameter of the extension, it being necessary to take into consideration unavoidable tolerances and the bending radius of the clamping portions.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the end face of the extension, which is remote from the surface of the second component, is closed. Such a design of the extension has the advantage that no open holes, which would otherwise have to be sealed off, are present after the components have been fastened. This is advantageous particularly for vehicle body manufacturing since the ingress of water is thereby largely prevented, and this is significant for corrosion protection. In addition, the closed extensions counteract undesirable sound propagation.
An extension which tapers toward the end thereof which is remote from the surface is advantageous with respect to assembly. This design supports the introduction of the extension into the associated receiving opening, since a conically shaped end facilitates the bending of the clamping portions.
For a uniform distribution of force over the extension, the clamping portions should be distributed uniformly over the circumference of the receiving opening. As a result, the extension is not pressed unnecessarily to one side. A uniform distribution of the clamping portions also ensures optimum centering of the extension in the receiving opening.
When designing the clamping portions, it should be ensured that the distances between the clamping portions in the circumferential direction of the receiving opening are such that the clamping portions do not make mutual contact upon bending. The consequence would otherwise be a suboptimal clamping action.
One measure for increasing the bending resistance of the clamping portions is the provision of shaped stamped portions in the bending region. By way of example, beads extending transversely over the bending axis make it possible to produce additional moments of resistance in order to increase the effort required for bending the clamping portions. As a result, the clamping force on the extension conversely is increased.
According to one development of the invention, three or more components can be fastened in relation to one another by initially arranging at least two components having substantially congruent receiving opening one above another in such a way that the central axes of the receiving openings coincide and the clamping portions of the components arranged one above another do not overlap. Then, a further component having an extension is introduced into the receiving openings so as to bend the clamping portions of the components arranged one above another.
As already mentioned, the receiving opening(s) (hole(s)) and the clamping portions can advantageously be produced in only one punching step. Reworking is generally not required. This means that the component having the receiving opening(s) and the clamping portions can be manufactured in an off-tool manner in a pressing plant.
An extension according to the invention is formed in the simplest manner by deep-drawing the second component. This technique has been successful for a long time and allows for a precise design of the extension.
After the (preliminary) positioning and fastening of the components by way of the extensions and receiving opening, the components can be joined to one another without further positioning aids, in particular by welding, either in order “to freeze” the fastening before further machining or mounting or in order to ultimately connect the components to one another.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of one or more preferred embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The clamping portions 14 arranged all around moreover ensure that the extension 16 is automatically centered, this being possible with a very small tolerance. The centering is promoted by a large number of clamping portions 14, which all have the same shape and are distributed uniformly over the circumference of the receiving opening 12.
To determine the axial position of the second component 18 in relation to the first component 10, a stop or comparable aid which delimits the depth of introduction can be provided.
Although the clamping force exerted on the extension 16 is already very large, additional measures for “freezing” the fastening can nevertheless be provided. Thus, the clamping portions 14 can be welded to the extension, for example by fillet welding at the free supporting edge of the clamping portions or by build-up welding, in order to connect a supporting surface of the clamping portions 14 to the extension 16.
The number of clamping portions 14 at a receiving opening 12 typically depends on the thickness of the component region in which the receiving opening 12 is located. The following applies in principle: the thinner the material, the greater the number of clamping portions 14. Therefore, the force required to bend eight clamping portions 14 having a thickness of 0.8 mm is approximately comparable to the force required to bend four clamping portions 14 having a thickness of 1.3 mm.
A further possibility for adapting or finely adjusting the effort required for introducing an extension 16 into an associated receiving opening 12, and therefore the clamping force, is to vary the width of the webs 14a of the clamping portions 14 (see
If the clamping force is to be increased (still further), shaped stamped portions 24, in particular in the form of beads, can be provided at some or all of the clamping portions 14. In the case of the exemplary embodiment shown in
Depending on the requirements and manufacturing conditions, the size of an extension 16 can range from having diameters and lengths in the millimeter range up to the centimeter or even meter range, if for example large steel components are to be fastened. The diameter of each receiving opening 12 is adapted to the diameter of the respectively associated extension 16.
The extensions 16 do not necessarily have to have a circular cross section, but instead can also be elliptical or angular, it being necessary for the shape of the associated receiving openings 12 to be adapted accordingly. Particularly in the case of an angular design, this can predefine a specific orientation of the two components 10, 18 to be fastened.
In the case of relatively large components, a multiplicity of pairs consisting of an extension and a receiving opening are generally provided. In this case, a component can have both receiving openings 12 and extensions 16 assigned in each case to corresponding extensions 16 and receiving openings 12 of the other component.
If, as shown in
An even greater number of components stacked one on top of another can be fastened in the same way. The length of the extension(s) 16 is then to be chosen to be adequately large.
Particularly in the case of sheet metal parts, the receiving openings 12 and the clamping portions 14 can be produced in a simple manner by punching, with only a single punching step being required.
The extensions 16 can be produced by deep-drawing, as shown by way of example in
The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2014 202 359.9 | Feb 2014 | DE | national |
This application is a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2015/050586, filed Jan. 14, 2015, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German Patent Application No. 10 2014 202 359.9, filed Feb. 10, 2014, the entire disclosures of which are herein expressly incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/EP2015/050586 | Jan 2015 | US |
Child | 15152970 | US |