Method for fixing insulating boards and corresponding dowel

Abstract

So that the method is also suitable for old construction, initially pins which have a pin body (2) and a pin head (7) are offset in such number on the wall that a plurality of pins are provided for each insulating plate (10). Then one applies an adhesive (9) to the pin head (7) of the pin and optionally onto the wall (5) and then one presses the heat-insulating board (10) thereagainst. It is advantageous for the adhesive area (7) of the pin to have openings through which the adhesive (9) can pass to the back side. The adhesive areas (7) can be especially star-shaped. It is however also appropriate to provide fiberglass grids as pin heads. For the pins of the invention it is characteristic that spreading zones or pin heads be adjacent one another. The pins can also have flexible reinforcing plates.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of fastening an insulating board to a wall or a roof, especially for the retrofitting application of an old construction. It deals further with a pin [dowel pin, plug] for fastening thermally insulating boards to a wall or a roof, especially for retrofitting application thereof to an old construction, whereby the pin has a spreading zone and a pin head and whereby the pin head has a plurality of arms projecting in a star pattern.

[0002] Good thermal insulation of buildings can drastically reduce the energy consumption. It provides not only a long term cost advantage but also is desirable from an environmental protective reason (reduction of carbon dioxide production). For these reasons not only should new construction be appropriately insulated, but also old construction should be provided by retrofitting increasingly with thermal insulation.

[0003] In the case of new construction, the thermal insulating board can be simply cemented to a smooth wall (for example of tiles or concrete masonry). With old constructions this is not possible as a rule because the masonry is not sufficiently stable. If one wishes to cement thermally insulating board to such masonry, there is a very great danger that the thermally insulating board will fall off together with a part of the loosened plaster or masonry.

[0004] With old construction the thermally insulating board is usually attached by screws or nailing. The disadvantage thereof is that the screws or nails which penetrate the thermal insulation will form cold bridges which will reduce the effectiveness of the insulation.

STATE OF THE ART

[0005] From U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,513 it is known that imitation marble boards can have nails cemented to them. To the surfaces to be covered, rails are mounted which have holes into which the nails can be stuck. The nails are cemented precisely at the corresponding locations of the board and the board together with the nail is struck into the rails.

[0006] From U.S. Pat. No. 2,151,597, a method of fastening glass plates is known in which the initial hollow pin is mortared in the wall. To this hollow pins, disks are then nailed which have holes. To these disks an adhesive is applied, after which the glass plates are pressed onto them and thus adhesively secured. In both cases, stiff plates are used which are not directly comparable to thermally insulating boards.

[0007] In DE 197 011 22A1, a method and a pin for fastening thermally insulating boards are described. The problem attacked there is that by thermal stress the pin and nail are subjected to strong bending forces. This problem arises since the thermally insulating board is normally plastered and the plaster can have a sharply different temperature (in the case of exposure to sun to 60° C.) from that of the masonry. Since the pin and nail which pass through the thermally insulating board are subjected to strong bending forces, the carrying capacity of the entire fastening arrangement can be significantly influenced. This problem is solved by the reference in that the pin has a spreading zone and a pin head whereby a ring adjoins the spreading zone and is connected with the pin head by bendable ribs. The pin is secured in the masonry in that a screw is threaded into the ring and thus into the spreading zone. The screw thus ends immediately above the masonry and only the rib of the pin extends through the heat insulating board. The pin head is comprised of a network of a substantially circular outer contour. This lies on the outer surface of the heat insulating board and is covered by the plaster layer which penetrates through the opening of the network at last in part.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0008] It is the object of the present invention to provide a method and a pin for fastening thermal insulating board to a wall or to a roof in which the problem of cold bridging and of thermal stress does not arise.

[0009] This object is achieved by the method as set forth at the outset, according to the invention, in that one provid s a pin with a pin head, spaced apart in the wall or the roof in such number that each insulating board has a plurality of pins, in that one applies adhesive to the pin heads of the pins and optionally on the wall, and in that the thermal insulating board is then pressed onto the pin heads and adhesive.

[0010] The object is further achieved with a pin of the type described at the outset which according to the invention has a spreading zone and the pin head directly adjoining one another.

[0011] According to the invention, therefore, pins are set into the wall or the roof also for old construction. The connection between the thermal insulating board and the wall or the roof is then effected in that the heat insulating board is cemented onto the pins which are set into the wall. The pins do not penetrate through the heat insulating board since the spreading zone and the pin heads are directly adjacent one another. Additional adhesive in the region between the pins stabilize the brittle masonry of the wall or the roof; at the locations where the masonry is still stable, the strength of the bond between the thermal insulating board and the wall or the roof is increased. As the adhesive all dispersion-hardening adhesives with fillers can be used which are customary in construction. They can be cement-containing or cement free.

[0012] By comparison with the prior art, insulating board fastening (by screw attachment or nailing) there are numerous advantages. Firstly it is to be noted that there are no longer any cold bridges. This is naturally of greater significance the thicker are the insulating boards, i.e. the better they insulate.

[0013] A further advantage is to be found in the fact that the pins are independent of the thickness of the heat insulating boards so that one can work with relatively few types of such pins. Finally there are advantages even with respect to recycling: the insulation is free from metal and thus has no impurities. Furthermore it is of advantage that in the setting of the pins, the appearance is not affected because the insulating boards are adhered subsequently. Thus one can determine immediately whether the pins are well anchored.

[0014] Finally the problem of thermal stress as discussed in DE 197 011 22A1 is also solved. Since with the solution of the invention, no elements penetrate through heat insulation boards and the heat insulation boards themselves are sufficiently yieldable, this problem does not even arise.

[0015] A further advantage is that the adhesive bonding leaves no freedom of movement between the pins and the heat insulation.

[0016] In the case of fastening with nails which penetrate through the heat insulation board, there is often a slight clearance free so that the heat insulating board can be slightly moved by the wind, thereby leading to unaesthetic noise and damage to the plaster. The nail or the pin can, as a result of their considerable length, under load further increase the freedom of movement of the heat insulating board.

[0017] By comparison with the total area of a heat insulating board, the area of the pin heads of the pins is naturally relatively small. A high degree of stress is thus present in the adhesive tensile strength of the adhesive bond. If one uses as a material for the pin a plastic containing glass fibers, a stiffer plate can be provided as the adhesive surface. When this is abraded so that its surface is roughened, a higher adhesive tensile strength is assured.

[0018] According to a refinement of the invention it is however also possible to produce a satisfactory connection with conventional materials for the pin. According to this feature of the invention, one uses pins whose pin heads have openings enabling the penetration of the adhesive backside, especially pins with star-shaped pin heads. In this manner a formfitting connection between pin head and adhesive is produced whereby the pin head functions as a reinforcement for the adhesive.

[0019] A similar effect is achieved when one uses pins whose pin heads are glass fiber grids. Here as well the adhesive penetrates into the adhesive surface and passes onto its rear side so that again a form-locking connection is achieved. Advantageously a flexible reinforcing plate is stuck onto the pin which, in the mounted state lies between the wall or the roof and the arms of the pin. In this manner it has been found that the tensile strength of the adhesive bond is strongly increased (approximately doubled).

[0020] Finally, it is advantageous when a ring is fixed onto the arms to demarcate the adhesive area. In this manner, the worker can se clearly whether he must apply additional adhesive or whether the applied quantity is sufficient: the adhesive should contact the ring.

BEST EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Based upon the accompanying Figures the invention is described in greater detail. It shows:

[0022] FIG. 1 a plan of a pin [dowel, dowel pin, plug] which is suitable for the method according to the invention;

[0023] FIG. 2 a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1;

[0024] FIG. 3 an elevational view analogous to that of FIG. 1 but of another pin;

[0025] FIG. 4 an elevational view similar to that of FIG. 2, although of a pin set into the wall and with which an insulating board is adhered;

[0026] FIG. 5 a possible arrangement of pins in a wall as well as a possible form for the application of the adhesive; and

[0027] FIG. 6 a further embodiment of a pin.

[0028] Based upon FIGS. 1 and 2, a pin will initially be described. The pin 1 has a pin body 2 which can be constructed analogously to the conventional spreading plug. It can thus be inserted into a bore hole 4 (see FIG. 4) in a wall 5 and can be spread by screwing a threaded pin 6 therein or by hammering the nail into it. Differing from a conventional plug, the pin body 2 can be greatly widened at its outer end so that a pin head 7 is formed (see especially FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). The pin head 7 can be star-shaped (see FIG. 1) although it can however also have a circular configuration—see the pin head 7′ in FIG. 3. In the latter case it is advantageous when it [the pin head] has holes 8.

[0029] The method of the invention is carried out as follows:

[0030] One sets the pins 1 in any regular pattern in the wall to be insulated (see FIG. 5). Then one applies the adhesive 9, for example in a meandering trace. It should be noted that each pin 1 is to be provided with a sufficient quantity of the adhesive; surplus adhesive is not detrimental, it is simply pressed to the side, although too little adhesive may be detrimental to the strength of the attachment. The amount of adhesive between the pins is less critical. Thus the adhesive 9 according to FIG. 5 in the region of each pin 1 is applied in a small loop.

[0031] After the adhesive 9 has been applied, the insulating board 10 (see FIG. 4) is pressed against it. Thus the adhesive is pressed between the arms of the star-shaped pin head 7 (or through the holes 8 of the embodiment according to FIG. 3) through the pin head 7 or 7′ against the wall 5. The adhesive 9 thus engages both the pin head 7 or the pin head 7′ in a formfitting manner so that the adhesive tensile strength between the adhesive 9 and the pin head 7 or 7′ is not decisive in the strength of the bond.

[0032] As one can see, the insulating board 10 is not traversed by any fastening element so that fastening elements cannot form cold bridges through the insulating board. The pin 1′ shown in FIG. 6 is formed in principle in a manner which is structurally similar to that which has been previously described. It has a pin body 2 which has the spreading zone 11 which is separated from the pin head 13 only by a short cylindrical section 12. The pin head 13 has four radially-extending arms 14. At its outer end these carry a ring 15. This ring marks the minimum sides of the surface which should be covered by adhesive.

[0033] On the pin 1, a reinforcing plate 16 can be slid which is fixed with arms 17 on the pin head 13. This reinforcing plate 17 [sic] is comprised of plastic and is provided with studs 18. As a consequence such a reinforcing plate 17 greatly increases the strength of the attachment. Definitive for the strength of the attachment is the tensile strength of the reinforcing plate.

[0034] The invention has been described based upon the insulation of a wall. In exactly the same way however a roof can naturally also be insulated.

Claims

1. A method of attaching an insulating board to a wall or a roof, especially for retrofitting old construction with insulating board, characterized in that one offsets in the wall or the roof such number of pins which have pin heads that a plurality of pins are provided for each insulating board, one applies an adhesive to the pin heads of the pins and optionally to the wall or the roof and then the insulating board is pressed against the adhesive on the pin heads and wall or roof.

2. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that one uses pins whose pin heads have openings to allow passage of the adhesive to the back sides of the pin heads, especially pins with star-shaped pin heads.

3. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that one uses pins whose pin heads are fiberglass grids.

4. A pin for fastening insulating boards to a wall or a roof, especially for retrofitting application to old construction, whereby the pin has a spreading zone and a pin head and whereby the pin head has a plurality of arms extending in a star shape, characterized in that the spreading zone (11) and the pin had (13) are neighboring.

5. The pin according to claim 4 characterized in that a flexible reinforcing plate (16) is stuck onto the pin (1) and lies in the mounted state between the wall or the roof and the arms (14) of the pin (1).

6. The pin according to claim 4 or 5 characterized in that a ring (15) is fixed on the arms (14) to mark the adhesive area.