Patent Application
20070254111
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to laser treatment of metal.
2. Description of Related Art
Lasers can rapidly heat a surface of a work-piece for adjusting properties of the surface. An absorptive coating can be applied to the surface to be heated to enhance the energy transfer from the laser to the work-piece. By using a laser to quickly heat a surface, conventional quenching by a gas or a liquid is unnecessary since only the shallow surface layer is heated. The part will actually self-quench, due to the extremely high heat differential between the surface layer heated by the laser and the remainder of the work-piece. This is in sharp contrast to carburizing or induction heating, where the part must be heated in one operation, and then is required to be quickly quenched by a gas or a liquid. Laser radiation can be generated by CO2, Excimer or Nd—YAG lasers, diode lasers; some of these lasers can achieve intensities of more than 106 watt/cm2.
The invention provides a method for forming a tribologically enhanced surface on a work-piece. The method includes the step of combining a predetermined material operable to enhance tribological properties with a liquid to form a slurry or a solution. The method also includes the step of applying the slurry/solution to a surface of a work-piece. The method also includes the step of transforming the phase of the predetermined material with a laser after the applying step. Transforming the phase of the predetermined material generates a chemical reaction binding the tribological agent with the surface of the work-piece.
Advantages of the present invention will become more readily appreciated when considered in connection with the following detailed description and appended drawings, wherein:
A process according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in
At step 24, the slurry 16 is applied to the surface 10 of the work-piece 12. An amount of the slurry 16 can be applied to ensure that a sufficient amount the predetermined material 14 covers the surface. For example, it may be desirable to apply the slurry 16 such that 0.9 milligrams of the predetermined material 14 are disposed per square centimeter of the surface 10. The slurry 16 can be applied by any suitable method, such as by brush painting, screen printing, dipping, spraying, or ink jet printing.
The work-piece 12 can be formed from steel. Prior to step 24, the process could also include the step of ensuring that the work piece has a defined surface texture for example by grinding, polishing or lapping.
At step 26, at least a portion of the aqueous or carrier medium is removed from the slurry 16. In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the work-piece 12 can be disposed in a convection oven and the slurry 16 can be at least partially dried. The invention can be practiced wherein all of the carrier medium is removed from the slurry 16, leaving only the predetermined material 14 and if present binding agent operable to enhance the tribological properties of the surface 10.
At step 28, a phase of the predetermined material 14 is changed with a laser 18. The phase change can be defined by melting or by vaporizing or by plasma generation. The diode laser 18 directs beam 30 at the predetermined material 14. The predetermined material 14 wets the surface 10 and chemically reacts with the surface 10. As a result of the chemical reaction, a tribological layer is formed on the surface 10. Tribology is the science of the mechanisms of friction, lubrication, and wear of interacting surfaces that are in relative motion. Tribology is a branch of engineering that deals with the design of parts to control friction and wear. The enhanced tribological surface refers to the fact that the surface 10 will experience more controlled friction and less wear in operation compared with an untreated part after the process of the invention is performed. The laser 18 can be a line-focused source such as a diode laser. The laser 18 can preferably sweep over a large area.
The process of the invention can reduce and/or eliminate the need for chemical baths that can be costly and/or environmentally detrimental to operate. The process of the invention can also reduce and/or eliminate the need for extreme pressure additives to be included with lubricants in the operating environment of the work-piece 12. Extreme pressure additives may be highly toxic. The process of the invention can produce a stable tribological layer without the need for post-processing or finishing. The process ends at step 32.
Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
